1、The skullSkullThe skull is the skeleton of the head(22).cranium skeleton脑颅:paired&unpairedfacial skeleton面颅:paired&unpaired Important cranial bones Anterior,lateral,inferior,posterior viewskullCranium skeleton:unpaired:frontal,occipital,ethmoid&sphenoid bones paired:parietal,temporal bonesFacial ske
2、leton:maxilla,mandible,zygomatic,nasal,lacrimal,vomer,palatine bones&inferior nasal concha甲甲,(hyoid bones).Important bonesMandible Fractures of the Mandible Sphenoid bonepterygoid processes,lateral&medial pterygoid plates body greater&lesser wings maxillaTemporal boneethmoidFrontal boneOccipital bon
3、eAnterior Aspect of Skull Supraorbital margin of frontal bone has a supraorbital 眼眼窝上窝上notch or foramen on junction of its medial&middle third.Infraorbital foramen is below midpoint of infraorbital margin on maxilla.Upper jaw is formed by fused maxillae;their alveolarprocesses form sockets&supportin
4、g bone for upper teeth.Alveolar processes of mandible bear lower teeth.Mental foramen is inferior to 2nd premolar tooth.Fractures of the Maxillae and Associated Bones Lateral Aspect of SkullZygomatic archtemporal&infratemporal regionsTemporal fossaMastoid process&styloid process Lateral Aspect of Sk
5、ullPterion Pterion is indicated by H-shaped formation of sutures that unite frontal,parietal,sphenoid,&temporal bones.It locates in anterior part of temporal fossa,about 4 cm superior to midpoint of zygomatic arch.Infratemporal fossaPosterior aspect of skullExternal occipital protuberanceSuperior nu
6、chal lineSuperior Aspect of Skull1.Coronal suture separates frontal&parietal bones.2.Sagittal suture separates R&L parietal bones.3.Lambdoid suture separates parietal&temporal bones from occipital bone.Superior Aspect of SkullFractures of the Calvaria Inferior Aspect of SkullMandibular fossae Occipi
7、tal condyles Jugular foramen Carotid canal Jugular foramen.Stylomastoid foramenl incisive fossal greater&lesser palatine foramina Internal Aspect of Base of SkullBowl-shaped floor of cranial cavity has 3 cranial fossae.Anterior cranial fossa is at the highest level,&posterior cranial fossa is at the
8、 lowest level.Anterior cranial fossa is formed by frontal bone anteriorly,ethmoid bone in middle,body&lesser wings of sphenoid posteriorly.Its greater part is formed by ridged orbital plates of frontal bone,which support frontal lobes of brain and form roofs of orbits.Middle cranial fossais separate
9、d from posterior one by petrous ridge of the temporal bones laterally&dorsum sellae of sphenoid medially.Sella turcica is composed of three parts:Tuberculum sellae,an olive-shaped swelling,anteriorlyHypophyseal fossa,a saddle-like depression for hypophysis,in the middleDorsum sellae posteriorlySphen
10、oid bone of Middle cranial fossa Tuberculum sellae optic canal anterior and posterior clinoid process hypophyseal fossa dorsal sellae Superior orbital fissure foramen rotudum,foramen ovale,foramen spinosum sulcus for ICAPosterior cranial fossa is formed largely by occipital bone.Broad grooves in this fossa are formed by transverse and sigmoid sinuses.Posterior cranial fossa foramen magnum.Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canalSagittal section of skullDevelopment of the Cranium
