1、Section BReading and Thinking 必修一必修一 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 知识点讲练知识点讲练.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.n.&vt.破坏;毁坏 2.n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊3.n.电;电能4.vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱5.vt.埋葬;安葬6.vi.&vt.呼吸7.vt.&vi.复活;(使)复苏ruinshockelectricitytrapburybreatherevive8.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力9.n.智慧;才智10.vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦11.crack n.v
2、i.&vt.12.unify vi.&vt.effortwisdomsuffer 裂纹;裂缝(使)破裂 统一;(使)成为一体重点短语1.in ruins 2.as if 3.in shock 4.suffer from e to an end 6.get up on ones feet 7.the number of 8.tens of thousands of 严重受损;破败不堪似乎;好像;仿佛震惊;吃惊遭受结束 站起来的数目 成千上万的9.blow away 10.nothing but 11.dig out 12.fall down 吹走只有;只不过挖出倒塌;跌倒重点词汇1In less
3、 than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.不到一分钟,一个大城市便成为废墟。【词汇精讲】句中的ruin意为“破坏;毁坏”,是名词。ruin还可以作及物动词,意为“破坏;毁坏”。【词汇拓展】lie/be in ruins成为废墟ruin sth/sb/oneself 毁坏某物/毁掉某人/毁掉自己be ruined by.被毁坏/破坏ruin ones health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名声/未来单句语法填空(1)Three-fourths of the crop(ruin)by the flood last night.(2)Aft
4、er the wave came,the sand castle on the beach lay in(ruin).(3)Once exposed to light,the film will (damage)and get useless.(4)Millions of lives(destroy)by the slow drying up of the sea.(2020新高考全国卷)was ruined ruinsbe damagedhave been destroyed2Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Ta
5、ngshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。【词汇精讲1】trap n.圈套;陷阱;困境v.设圈套;陷入(困境)trap作“诱捕”解时,指用陷阱、罗网、圈套等捕捉动物或人。还可表示“使陷入困境中”“使陷入圈套”。trap是及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。trap的过去式和过去分词均为trapped。注意没有solve a trap的表达方式。【词汇拓展1】fall into a trap 落入陷阱be trapped/st
6、uck/caught in被困在中trap sb into doing sth陷害/诱骗某人做某事单句语法填空(1)We desire that immediate help be given to the local villagers(trap)by the earthquake.(2)We succeed in our field of specialization and then become(trap)in it.trapped trapped【词汇精讲2】在本句中bury是及物动词,意为“埋葬”;bury作动词时还有“隐匿;覆盖”等含义。【词汇拓展2】bury sth埋葬be b
7、uried in=bury oneself in沉浸于;埋头于【迁移应用2】单句语法填空(1)The athlete was(bury)in training,so he didnt notice the coming of his coach.(2)He buried(him)in exploring the outer space in the past 50 years.buried himself3Slowly,the city began to breathe again.慢慢地,这座城市又恢复了生机。【词汇精讲】句中的breathe意为“呼吸”,是不及物动词。breathe也可作及
8、物动词。【词汇拓展】breath n.呼吸breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气hold ones breath屏住呼吸out of breath气喘吁吁地,上气不接下气地catch ones breath喘口气take a deep breath=breathe deeply深呼吸完成句子(1)当赛季结束时,我们大多数志愿者都松了一口气。Most of us volunteers when the season comes to a close.(2019全国卷)(2)我们到达山顶时气喘吁吁。We were when we got to the top of the h
9、ill.breathe a sigh of relief out of breath4With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下,在地震废墟上建造了一座新的唐山。【词汇精讲】effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义),通常是不可数名词。若强调一次一次具体的努力,通常是可数名词,尤其与all,t
10、hese等修饰语连用时。【词汇拓展】make an effort to do sth努力做某事spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事with great effort努力through ones efforts经过某人的努力完成句子(1)只要我们每天都不遗余力地做一点事情,我们就会有真正的改变。As long as we to do a little bit every day,well make a real difference.(2)另一种可能性是,当一支球队有很多天才球员时,有些球员可能会减少努力。Another possibility is that wh
11、en there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may.spare no effort make less effort5What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?你认为遭受地震灾害的人需要什么样的帮助?【词汇精讲】suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦句中的suffer意为“遭受;蒙受”,是及物动词。【词汇拓展】suffer from遭受;患病suffer pain/defeat/hardship/dama
12、ge遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事sufferer n.患难者;患病者单句语法填空(1)The Red Cross gave food and clothing to the(suffer)in the earthquake.(2)“I wish we could help him to earn money,”said Clara.“His family (suffer)so much.”(2020新高考全国卷)(3)The civil war of Syria has brought great (suffer)to tens of thousa
13、nds of people.sufferers is sufferingsuffering(s)重点句式1Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西,狗也不肯进入大楼里面去。【句式剖析】本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中,句子的主语是Chickens and even pigs,动词不定式短语to eat作结果状语。too.to do sth意为“太以致不”,too后接形容词或副词,to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形,动词不定式表示否定意义
14、。【句式拓展】在以下几种情况中,too.to.结构可以表示肯定意义,而不是否定意义:(1)当不定式前有否定词修饰时。(2)当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时。(3)当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad,ready,pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时。完成句子(1)The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across(太大,以至于能被看到)from anywhere at ground level.(2)Its never(太早)make necessary preparations for a healthy and mea
15、ningful college experience.much too huge to be seen too early to2It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!【句式剖析】本句是一个主从复合句,as if引导的是表语从句。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来要下雨了。Be quick!It looks as if the train is going to move.快点!看起来火车要开了。如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。Suddenly,he jumped away,as if bit by a snake.他突然跳开了,好像被蛇咬了一口。单句语法填空(1)The old man opened his mouth as if(say)something.(2)Tom walked here and there as if(look)for something.(3)We felt as if we(be)away from home for many years.to say lookinghad been
