1、A组 北京中考题组,Passage 1(2019北京) Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As tempera- tures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海 浪)i
2、n the arctic waters. The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.,On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marc
3、henko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice. “We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around,” he remembers. He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forwa
4、rd, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.,Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ships navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. T
5、hey were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small. The speed
6、 and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live i
7、s also in danger. Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.,1.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic water
8、s? 2.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip? 3.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe? 4.How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system? 5.What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?,答案 语篇解读 本文介绍了科学家Marchenko和他的学生在北冰洋做研究调查时遇到巨浪的经历,并分析了这 些巨浪给航海家和当地人带来的威胁。 1.In May,2010.
9、 根据关键词“when”和“discover the huge waves”可定位到第二段第一句话“The waves were discovered by accident in May,2010.”。 2.To study the icy waters. 根据关键词“why”和“set out on the trip”可定位到第二段最后一句话“They wanted to study the icy waters.”。由于是问原因,因此答案需要加上“because”。 3.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice. 根据关键词“to k
10、eep safe”可定位到第五段第一句“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”。,重点词汇 increase v. 增加,增长;disappear v.消失;discover v. 发现;by accident 偶然,词汇积累 navigator n.航海者,4.More than 20 feet in height. 根据关键词“How high”和“the largest waves”可定位到第六段第三句 “They were more than 20 feet in height.”。 5.The da
11、nger of huge waves to people and wildlife there. 该段说明了这些巨浪对航海家和当地人以及靠海 冰生存的野生生物们来说是很大的威胁。,Passage 2(2018北京) When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so? In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the
12、first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”.The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not-passing”or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for
13、 “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.,Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US. The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holy
14、oke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale: A:95%100%(excellent) B:85%94%(good) C:76%84%(fair) D:75%(barely passed) E:below 75%(failed) We can see the inclusion of E instead of F. Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools
15、 decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible expla-,nation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made gr
16、ading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students. Today, more and more
17、 people argue that letter grades dont fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter gr
18、ades prob- ably arent going away any time soon.,1.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system? 2.When was the letter grading system first used in the US college? 3.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade? 4.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system
19、in the 20th century? 5.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?,答案 语篇解读 本文介绍了英文字母等级评价体系的历史发展进程,作者在文中讲述了字母E这一等级缺失的 历史渊源。 1.It stands for “fail”. 根据第二段第二句话可知答案。 2.It was first used in 1897. 根据第四段可知答案。 3.Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellen
20、t”. 根据第六段第三 句话的后半部分可知答案。 4.They thought it was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students. 根据第七段的最后一句话可知答案。 5.Because they are familiar and easy for parents to understand. 根据文章最后一段的第三句话可知答案。,长难句 The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke
21、 College. 在美国第一所采用像我们今天使用的字母评分系统的学院是Mount Holyoke College。 这是一个主从复合句,“the ones” 由后面的省略了关系代词that的定语从句“we use today”修饰。主句 谓语动词是系动词“is”,表语是“Mount Holyoke College”。,重点词汇 fail v.失败,不及格,倒闭;explanation n.解释,说明;familiar adj.熟悉的;excellent adj.优秀的,卓越的, 杰出的;scale n.规模,比例,级别,词汇积累 unsatisfactory adj.不能令人满意的;evid
22、ence n.证据;reflect v.反映;leave out 遗漏,省略,忽略,未提 及,Passage 3(2017北京) Whats in a Name? Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from? Centuries ago, most people in England had only one nametheir first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village
23、 might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be re- ferred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third, William th
24、e black- smith(铁匠). And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William Johns son, William hill, William smith, and William brown. It was 300 or 400 years before these extra(附加的)names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were
25、passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the
26、upper and middle classes,had surnames. Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The “son of” part was added to the fathers first name, like Johnson, meaning Johns son. Sometimes it was shortened to just“s”, as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. T
27、hey are the most common type of surname. A third kind of sur- name was based on a persons job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occu- pation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was a nick- name(绰号). A man whose sur
28、name was Bear might be as fierce as a bear. Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the English lan- guage is Smith. Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most com
29、mon American surnames are Smith, Johnson, Williams, and Brown.,1.Where do many American names come from? 2.When did people find a way to describe each person exactly? 3.How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names? 4.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? 5.Why were many peopl
30、e trained as blacksmiths in the Middle Ages?,答案 语篇解读 本文介绍了英国姓氏的历史,包括英国姓氏出现的历史阶段和不同姓氏的来历。 1.They come from England. 根据第一段第一句可知答案。 2.In the Middle Ages. 根据第二段第三句可知答案。 3.It took 300 or 400 years. 根据第三段第一句可知答案。 4.It is mainly about different kinds of surnames. 通读第四段可知答案。 5.Because it was an important sk
31、ill to make metals into tools. 根据最后一段第三句可知答案。,break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old, so she didnt want to damage it. Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card there was this message: The Marine Biol
32、ogical Association(海洋生物学协会) would pay a shilling (先令) for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s. Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder, the president of the asso
33、ciation from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Inter- net to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward. The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in “Guinness World Records”(吉尼斯世界纪录).
34、She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle. Winklers bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906, he sent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents(洋 流) in the North Sea. Th
35、is was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles,back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North
36、 Seas currents. 1.How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 2.Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015? 3.What was in the bottle? 4.Who was George Bidder? 5.Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?,答案 语篇解读 本文介绍了一个玻璃瓶。这个瓶子在1906年被George Bidder投进北海,在2015年被发现,瓶子 里装着一张明信片,内容是海洋生物学协会将会为
37、这个瓶子支付一先令。这个瓶子里的信息收录到了吉尼 斯世界纪录,是被重新发现的最古老的信息。 1.For 108 years and 138 days. 本题问“瓶子在海里漂流了多久?”由文章第一段最后一句可知答案。 2.Yes, she did. 由文章第二段第一句可知答案。 3.A postcard. 本题问的是:瓶子里有什么? 由文章第三段第二句可知答案。 4.The president of the association from 1939 to 1945. 本题问的是:George Bidder是谁?由文章第四段第二句 可知答案。 5.Because he wanted to map
38、 currents in the North Sea. 此题问的是:Bidder 为什么把瓶子扔到海里?读文章 最后一段第四句可知。,深度解析 本文难度较低,考查对细节的掌握。考生需要明确掌握一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的用法,熟悉 “how long, what, who, why”等特殊疑问词(组)的含义和回答方式,并且能够抓住题干中的关键词,联系上 下文锁定原文细节信息。,may even lose money on these items.They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the
39、 store. Black Friday is a great time to go shopping.However,there are problems.The biggest one is that there are not e- nough low-priced items.Each store may only have a few.These items are in great need,so people stand in long lines to get them.They may wait three to four hours before a store opens
40、.They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer,but not everybody can get one.Some people leave,disappointed. The situation makes people worried.Some Black Friday events have been crazy.There have been fights over toys among shoppers.Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds.But mo
41、st Black Friday events are safe and fun.Still,if you plan to go,you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing. So where does the name“Black Friday”come from?It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused.In the 1960s,
42、stores tried to rename the day “Big Friday”.It did not stick.The name“Black Friday”continued to spread across the country.It seems that it is here to stay.,Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events.It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday
43、 events in the UK,Australia,and Brazil since 2012.In Mexico,stores offer a week- end of discounts every year.They call it“El Buen Fin”,which means“the good weekend”in Spanish.I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale. 1.Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season? 2.What is t
44、he biggest problem with Black Friday? 3.How long may people have to wait before a store opens? 4.Where was the name“Black Friday”first used in the 1950s? 5.Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了众所周知的“黑色星期五”。 1.Yes,it is. 由文章第一段第三句可知。 2.There are not enough low-priced
45、 items. 由文章第三段第三句可知。 3.Three to four hours. 由文章第三段倒数第三句可知答案。 4.In Philadelphia. 由文章第五段第二句可知答案。 5.Because people can buy things on sale on Black Friday. 通读全文后可知文章介绍了黑色星期五当天是购 物的好时候,是人们喜欢的一天,因为商场有优惠,所以综合第二段和第三段的第一句可知答案。,深度解析 本文前四道试题主要考查考生对文章细节的把握,最后一题较复杂。回答前四道试题时需要掌 握一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的回答方法,通过关键词回归原文寻找答案,其中第
46、2题注意原文中第三段的 “The biggest one”即“The biggest problem”。第5题要关注第二段和第三段的首尾关键句,要确保回答 完整准确。,题组一,B组 20152019年全国中考题组,Passage 1(2019天津) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。 Friends are an important part of our lives. We spend time with them, have fun together, and share our opinions, feelings and even secrets. Life would be bor
47、ing without friends. Friends influence who we are, help us learn, support(支持)us in good and bad times, and care for us even when we are not happy. Often, we have many happy moments with our friends. We need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyable. Being lonely for long periods of ti
48、me is not a great feeling. That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing(维持) a close group of friends. It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether(不论)it is about a sad or happy subject. In good times, it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone. It is also
49、important to have someone support you if you have,just had an unpleasant experience. Friends are important pillars(中心人物)of support. Friends teach us important lessons. No one person is the same. As time goes by, we learn to respect one another s differences. This acceptance of others differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives, such as new family members, neighbours and new friends. 1.Life without friends. 2.Being lonely for long periods of time . 3.It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether . 4.You need someone to suppor
