1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英 语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped tothe doorway of the classroom to take a
2、 break. Suddenly, I 1 a movement of theheavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2 guided the children through toensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill ( 寒意 ) go through my body.My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of mykindergarteners who I thought w
3、as 3 that day. He had been dropped off atschool late and was 4 to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him tothe hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. Hed need time to 5 , andwouldnt come for class the next day, I thought.The next m
4、orning, one of the first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy. Notonly did he run in with energy, but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever! I gavehim a warm hug and told him how 8 I was to see him. His words have stayedwith me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”That cold Monday morning,
5、 he waited a long, long while for adults to 9 .To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didnt attempt to walk back home; hewaited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10 .1Acaused Bspotted Cchecked Dimagined2Ahesitantly Brandomly Cdizzily Dcarefully3Aangry Babsent Cs
6、pecial Dnoisy4Acourageous Bcontent Cunable Dunwilling5Arecover Bplay Cchange Dwait6Asettle Bgather Carrive Dreact7Asneeze Bweep Ccomplaint Dlaughter8Alucky Bhappy Ccurious Dnervous9Ashow up Bpull up Chold up Dline up10Agratitude Bforgiveness Cfaith Dkindness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给
7、提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHelen was walking down the street late 11 the evening, her arms filledwith grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didnt notice her wallet fallingout of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearfulthat
8、he might have an intention 12 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually,the man 13 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!BWhy do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. Its eas
9、yto explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. Thishas been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we canraise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.CSince pe
10、ople cant always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get takeout ororder delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especiallyplastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only goodfor one use. Thats a big problem and it is getting even 19 (bad). The use o
11、fthose plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world wont survive ifthis situation continues.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programmeavailable to students enrolled (
12、注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle speciallyprepared problem sets, based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver new content. Its an opportunity to deepen yourunderstanding of the k
13、ey points from lecture materials while you are applying yourskills to solve problems.You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what iscovered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September
14、2022.Waiting listsIf a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a placebecomes available or if a new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells youwhere you are on the list. If you are close to the front of
15、the list, you have a good chanceof gaining a place in the programme in the near future.DeregisteringIf you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your placewill be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheetat each session to record your at
16、tendance.Youll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missingsessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office atpassofficeumbs. edu.21In PASS, students _.Aattend new lectures Bdecide their own schedulesCprepare problem sets in groups Dus
17、e their skills to solve problems22What can students do if a session is full?AFill in the attendance sheet. BSign up for the waiting list.CReport their needs and feedback. DEmail the office their numbers on the list.23Students will be deregistered if _.Athey send emails in error Bthey fail to work in
18、teractivelyCthey give their places to others Dthey miss two sessions in a rowBMy name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 )my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year Istruggled on, constantly staring at this wall that f
19、aced me. My perfectionist tendencieswere the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously inlife is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at myhigh school. His presentation not only awed and inspire
20、d me, but also helped emerge aninner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner withhim and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speakone-on-one with himan idea that had seemed completely impossible. This firstcontact was where my story b
21、egan.A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference.Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunitiesthat my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Aliceenthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received
22、 his invitation, applications to join theYouth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my highschool. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of agrowing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these newsteps contin
23、ued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that mybiggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of myhead telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching theirpotential: I cant. They
24、 say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab everyopportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does notrequire our patience, but our action.24What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?AHer inability to act her age. BHer habit of consumption.CHer desire to be perf
25、ect. DHer lack of inspiration.25How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?AShe decided to do something for nature. BShe tasted the sweetness of friendship.CShe learned about the harm of desire. DShe built up her courage to speak up.26The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more _
26、.Aintelligent Bconfident Cinnovative Dcritical27What can we learn from this passage?APractice makes perfect. BPatience is a cure of anxiety.CAction is worrys worst enemy. DEverything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” Its a question that ProfessorCrystal woul
27、d ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, becauseimagining something that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis arare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystalset out to change that, and helped to create a glo
28、bal movement. The resultan approachknown as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and betternutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed,delivered and consum
29、ed, and looking at how those things intersect ( 交叉 ) with humanhealth, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking,changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen. First,researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they mu
30、st work outhow they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impactof those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number ofundernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been ri
31、sing, despite great advances innutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealingthe relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases.But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose thathuman diets c
32、onsist of at least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are notknown.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption thateveryone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food systemis not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such power im
33、balance is for moreuniversities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systemsapproach.More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry mustlearn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach.Crystal knew that vision
34、s alone dont produce results, but concluded that “well neverproduce results that we cant envision”.28The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to _.Aillustrate an argument Bhighlight an opinionCintroduce the topic Dpredict the ending29What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?AT
35、he first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.BThe relationships among players have been clarified.CMachine learning can solve the nutrition problem.DThe impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.30As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?AIt may be used to justify powe
36、r imbalance.BIt can be applied to tackle challenges.CIt helps to prove why hunger exists.DIt goes beyond human imagination.DQuantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has beensending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggestchallenges we face
37、 as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computingexperts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keepthe field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity.Now, big tech compan
38、ies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smallerones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, andeven take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are makin
39、g promises they cantkeep. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentiallyavailable to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers maymislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about th
40、eir workspotential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone throughstages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especiallyprone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps
41、 because “quantum stands for something coolyou shouldnt be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggestedthat I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He alsoanswered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-foun
42、ded in 2016. Taylorshares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply toPyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that wewould not have been abl
43、e to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discountmy opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doingwith others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, asTaylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise m
44、y friend or anyone elseto invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.Asympathetic BunconcernedCdoubtful Dexcited32What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?AHis dominance in physics.BThe competition in the f
45、ield.CHis confidence in PyQuantum.DThe investment of tech companies.33What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AOpen. BCool.CUseful. DResistant.34Which would be the best title for the passage?AIs Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?BIs Quantum Computing Redefining Techn
46、ology?CWill Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?DWill Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to variouspressures, we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our bodythat helps us fight these diseases. 36 We need to be fit to have a healthy
