1、 第二部分第二部分 专项语法专项语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项9 9 动词与动词短语动词与动词短语高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 动词辨析动词辨析 1.1.动词的分类动词的分类 (1)实义动词分类用法例词例句及物动词本身意义不完整，后面必须跟宾语意义才完整，常用于三种句型：(1)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语；(2)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语；(3)主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语reach，ask，return，need，want，teach，makeHe reached China the day before yesterday.他前天到中国的。They asked me
2、to go swimming with them.他们让我和他们一起去游泳。I will return him the ruler.我准备把尺子还给他。分类用法例词例句不及物动词本身意义完整，其后不必跟宾语；若跟宾语，则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用come，go，run，travel，listen，swim，live，workMary is swimming.玛丽正在游泳。Look at the blackboard.看黑板。Listen to music.听音乐。(2)连系动词 连系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。分类例词例句be动词am，is，are，was，wereIm a
3、 girl with short hair.我是一个留着短发的女孩。感官类look，sound，smell，taste，feel等His plan sounds good.他的计划听起来很好。The food tastes good.这种食物尝起来不错。变化类become，get，grow，go，turn等Mr.Blacks face turned red.布莱克先生的脸变红了。状态类keep，stay，remain等The shop stays open till 8 in the evening.商店一直营业到晚上8点。(3)助动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构
4、成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等结构。主要的助动词有be，do，have，shall，will等。分类用法例句beam/is/are动词ing形式现在进行时；was/were动词ing形式过去进行时；be过去分词被动语态The boy is playing basketball now.这个男孩现在在打篮球。The students were reading English when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候，学生们在读英语。Chinese is spoken by most of people in the world.世界
5、上大多数人说汉语。分类用法例句do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气Do you come from Japan？你来自日本吗？He doesnt like music at all.他一点儿都不喜欢音乐。havehave/has过去分词现在完成时；had过去分词过去完成时；have/hasbeen动词ing形式现在完成进行时He has lived here for ten years.他住在这里已经10年了。By the time I arrived the bus stop，the bus had left.当我到达汽车站的时候，汽车已经离开了。w
6、ill/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时；would/should动词原形过去将来时Shall we go fishing tomorrow？我们明天去钓鱼好吗？You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息。(4)情态动词分类含义用法例句can/could能；会表示能力(be able to)Tom can swim.Tom is able to swim.汤姆会游泳。可以(疑问句中)表示请求Can I help you？我能帮助你吗？Could you give us some advice？你可以给我们一些建议吗？can可能，cant不可能(否定
7、句、疑问句中)表示可能性Can the news be true？这则消息是真的吗？The boy cant be Jim.Hes much taller.那个男孩不可能是吉姆。他比吉姆高得多。分类含义用法例句may(might)可能表示可能性(可与maybe转换)Tony may know the way to the hospital.Maybe Tony knows the way to the hospital.托尼可能知道去医院的路。可以表示客气的请求，might比may的语气更委婉May I come in？我可以进来吗？Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？祝
8、表示祝愿May you be happy.祝你快乐。分类含义用法例句must 必须必表示义务、命令或要求We must tell the truth to our parents.我们必须告诉父母真相。一定表示肯定的猜测(否定猜测用cant)Lisa must be at home.(推测现在的状况)莉莎一定在家。You must be kidding.(推测现在正在发生)你一定是在开玩笑。They must have seen the movie.(推测过去的状况)他们一定看过这部电影。分类含义用法例句shall(should)/ought to好吗？Shall.？用于第一人称，表示提建议或
9、请求Shall we ask the teacher for help？我们可以向老师求助吗？应该should用于各种人称，表示要求和命令，也可表示劝告或建议Students shouldnt have long hair.学生不应该留长发。分类含义用法例句will(would)愿意用于第二人称，疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议Will/Would you please take out the trash？你可以把垃圾拿出去吗？意愿will用于各种人称，表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help you.你的父母将会尽力帮助你。分类含义用法例句nee
10、d有必要；需要need可用作实义动词和情态动词，用作情态动词时，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句You neednt worry.你不必担心。Why need you go today?为什么你需要今天走？He wondered whether they need send a deposit.他不知道他们是否得交定金。2 2近义动词辨析近义动词辨析 常见的易混近义词：形状相似的动词之间辨义lie与lay；rise与raise 意义相近的动词之间辨义borrow，lend与 keep；speak，say，tell与 talk；hope与wi
11、sh；take，spend，cost，pay与afford；look for，find与find out；listen to与hear；read，see，look与watch；get，arrive与reach；answer与reply；take，bring，carry，get与fetch；accept与receive意义不同、形状不同，但容易混淆的动词辨义discover，create与invent；win与beat；put on，wear与dress；forget与leave；provide，offer，give与supply考点考点2 2 动词用法动词用法 大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词
12、原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1 1第三人称单数形式的构成第三人称单数形式的构成 (1)一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。规则变化动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加s(s在清辅音后读/s/，s在浊辅音后读/z/)work，grow works/s/，grows/z/以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加es(es读/iz/，o后的es读/z/)guess，mix，finish，catch，goguesses/z/，mixes/z/，finishes/z/，catches/z/，goes/z/以字母e结尾的
13、动词，直接加s(s读/z/或/s/)write，likewrites/s/，shares/z/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es(ies读/iz/)study，carrystudies/z/，carries/z/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加s(s读/z/)play，sayplays/z/，says/z/(2)不规则变化的有havehas等。2 2现在分词的构成现在分词的构成变化规则动词原形现在分词一般在动词后加inghelp，workhelping，working以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加ingwrite，movewriting，moving以y结尾的动词，直接加in
14、gplay，studyplaying，studying以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ingget，begingetting，beginning以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加inglie，dielying，dying 3.3.过去式和过去分词的构成过去式和过去分词的构成 (1)规则变化规则变化动词原形过去式、过去分词及其读音一般在动词词尾加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/d/)ask，answer，want，needaskedasked/t/，answeredanswered/d/，wantedwanted/d/，neededneeded
15、/d/以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d(读/d/)love，dancelovedloved/d/，danceddanced/d/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加es(读/d/)try，studytriedtried/d/，studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加ed(读/d/)play，stayplayedplayed/d/，stayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/d/)stop，planstoppedstopped/t/，plannedplanned/d/(2
16、)不规则变化需单独记忆。考点考点3 3 动词短语动词短语 1.1.动词短语分类动词短语分类类型例词同一动词不同介词/副词(宾语只能放在介词后)(宾语是名词时，位于副词前后皆可；宾语是代词时，只能位于动词和副词之间)put on穿上，增加(体重)；put up举起，张贴，搭建；come from来自；come out出来，出版；turn on打开；turn off关掉 不同动词同一介词/副词(宾语只能放在介词后)(宾语是名词时，位于副词前后皆可；宾语是代词时，只能位于动词和副词之间)show up出现；make up编造；set up建立；come back回来；talk back顶嘴，反驳动词
17、名词/副词介词(宾语只能放在介词后)take care of照料，照顾；take part in 参加；pay attention to注意；catch up with赶上；get on well with 与相处得好动词的固定搭配及组合do/try ones best 尽某人最大努力；make a wish 许愿；make ones bed 整理某人的床铺2 2初中阶段易混动词、动词词组归纳初中阶段易混动词、动词词组归纳look at与 seelook at 看(动作)；see 看到(结果)listen to与 hearlisten to听着(过程)；hear 听到(结果)look at与l
18、ooklook at看；look 形容词，看起来see，watch与look atsee看到；watch观看；look at看listen to与soundlisten to听着；sound 形容词，听起来have 与eathave 吃或喝；eat 吃look for与findlook for 寻找(过程)；find 找到(结果)find，discover与inventfind 找到(意外地)；discover发现(本来就存在，只是以前没人知道)；invent发明(从无到有，创造)borrow，lend与keepborrow借入，lend借出，都表示动作，与时间点连用；keep保存，表示状态，
19、与时间段连用buy，sell与havebuy买，sell卖，都表示动作，与时间点连用；have保存，表示状态，与时间段连用go to bed，go to sleep与sleepgo to bed上床睡觉；go to sleepfall asleep入睡，表示动作，与时间点连用；sleepbe asleep睡着了，表示状态，与时间段连用leave，leave for与be awayleave 离开，leave for动身去，都表示动作，与时间点连用；be away离开了，表示状态，与时间段连用come，go与be income来，go去，都表示动作，与时间点连用；be in 住在，表示状态，与时
20、间段连用learn 与studylearn指学习具体的技巧或者知识；study表示系统地学习die与be deaddie死，表示动作，与时间点连用；be dead去世了，表示状态，与时间段连用take与bringtake带走；bring拿来have to与musthave to不得不，实义动词，第三人称单数形式为has to，过去式为had to，否定形式为dont/doesnt have to；must 必须(无时态变化)，表示主观spend，pay for，cost与takespend 花钱，花时间(人作主语)；pay for花钱；cost 花钱(物作主语)；take 花时间，常用于句型I
21、t takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事look短语look at看；look for寻找；look out当心；look out of往外看；look as把视作；look over仔细检查；look through浏览；look down往下看，瞧不起；look upon往上看，仰视put短语put on 穿上；put up举手，张贴，搭建；put off 推迟；put away把收起来；put down放下；put.out熄灭take固定搭配take out拿出来；take away拿走；take to把带到；take.with随身携带；tak
22、e after与长得像；take时间，花时间做give短语give out散发；give away分发；give off发出；give up放弃stop固定搭配stop to do停下来去做；stop doing停止做；stop from doing keep from doing阻止做forget，remember固定搭配forget(remember)to do忘记(记得)要做；forget(remember)doing忘记(记得)做了keep，make固定搭配keep doing 使一直做；make sb.do.使某人做十年真题十年真题全练全练 近十年来，动词和动词短语是安徽中考的重点考
23、查内容之一，每年都会考查，考查的内容多以动词变音、行为动词和动词短语词义辨析、情态动词和连系动词为主。命题形式主要为听力关键词语选择(每年02小题)、听力信息转换(每年02小题)、单项填空(每年02小题)、完形填空(每年47小题)和单词拼写(每年12小题)。预计2018年中考毫无疑问动词的命题会面面俱到。行为动词和动词短语词义辨析、情态动词仍然是考查重点，但对助动词、连系动词也要稍加关注。1.2017安徽，37题It is necessary for schools to _D_the need of all the students development.Acut Bhide Crefus
24、e Dsatisfy22016安徽，40题For our own safety，its important to A the traffic rules on the way to school.Afollow Bchange Cmake Dbreak32015安徽，38题Dreams are beautiful.However，to C them needs lots of time and work.Adiscover Bfind Cachieve Dstop42014安徽，44题I dont B the heat，for Im used to hot weather.Alike Bmin
25、d Cknow Dstand52014安徽，49题He is an honest boy.I have no reason to _B_ what he said.Ahear Bdoubt Crepeat Dbelieve考点考点1 1 动词词义辨动词词义辨析析62013安徽，39题I will meet Jane at the station.Please C what time she will arrive.Acount Bchoose Ccheck Dcatch72013安徽，43题It is helpful to C a good habit of reading in langua
26、ge learning.Atake Bshow Cdevelop Dmatch82012安徽，35题To protect the environment，supermarkets dont C free plastic bags to shoppers.Atake Bshow Cprovide Dcarry92011安徽，41题We cant do listening practice today，for Miss Zhaos taperecorder doesnt D Aact Bdo Cserve Dwork102010安徽，32题Its nice of you to B so much
27、time showing me around your school.Atake Bspend Ccost Dhave112010安徽，40题Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?Sometimes.Its an interesting program，but I A A Sports News.Aprefer Bwant Cenjoy Dmiss122009安徽，41题What a day！Its raining again.Im afraid we cant fly a kite.Dont worry.It wont _B B_ long.Aliv
28、e Blast Cwait Dgo132008安徽，33题Our team C C the match.Weve got the first place!Well done！Congratulations!Abit Bbeat Cwon Dwatched142015安徽，35题The running water makes the stones D D very smooth.Asound Btaste Csmell Dfeel152014安徽，36题Mum，what are you cooking？It D so sweet.Atastes Bfeels Csounds Dsmells162
29、011安徽，46题The food here smells good，but what does it_A A_like?Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel172009安徽，36题Long time no see!Oh，it B B like years since I last saw you.Alooks Bseems Cfeels Dsounds182014安徽，35题I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?Yes，you A A Acan Bmust Ccould Dshould192016安徽，37题Plea
30、se dont make so much noise.I C C hear the speaker very well.Aneednt BmustntCcant Dshouldnt202009安徽，33题Whos the man over there？Is it Mr.Black?It A A be him.Hes much taller.Acant Bmustnt Cshould Dmay212017安徽，39题Mum，Ive signed for the box.Whats in it?Im not sure.It _C C_be a present from your uncle.Ane
31、ed Bmust Cmay Dwill222015安徽，44题Do you have any plans for this Sunday?Im not sure.I _C C_go to the countryside to see my grandmother.Acan Bmust Cmay Dneed232008安徽，32题Is Mr.Brown driving here?Im not sure.He A A come by train.Amay Bshall Cneed Dmust242012安徽，42题Theres enough time for you to go to the ai
32、rport.You B B hurry now.Ashould BneedntCmust Dcant252010安徽，43题What will the weather be like tomorrow?It _B B_be rainy，cloudy or sunny.Who knows?Amust Bmight Cshall Dshould262011安徽，33题May I go out now，Dad?No.You D D let your mother know first.Acan Bmay Cneed Dmust272013安徽，32题You B B drive your car so
33、 fast.Its very dangerous.Awouldnt BshouldntCcouldnt Dmightnt考点考点2 2 动词动词用法用法1.2017安徽，93题Look！The boys are kicking(踢)the ball around in the yard.2.2017安徽，95题Please follow the rules.Dont touch(触碰)the photos in the museum.32016安徽，94题The little girl kisses(亲吻)her mum good night before she goes to bed.42
34、015安徽，94题Could you please lend(借)me your dictionary?52014安徽，99题Im afraid we have to cancel(取消)the meeting.62014安徽，100题Bob has many storybooks and he often shares(分享)them with his friends.72013安徽，98题Travelling by plane is expensive，but it saves(节省)time.82013安徽，100题Its polite to knock(敲)on the door be
35、fore entering a room.92012安徽，98题The old man started singing，and we all joined(加入)in.102011安徽，96题She rides(骑)to school on her bicycle every day.112010安徽，99题Tom invited(邀请)all his best friends to his birthday party last Sunday.122010安徽，100题We have to carry(携带)a lot of books in our school bags every da
36、y.132009安徽，100题George always checks/checked(检査)the answers carefully before handing in his papers.142008安徽，97题Its not right to waste(浪费)too much time on computer games.考点考点3 3 动词短语辨析动词短语辨析1.2013安徽，48题The people in Yaan have met lots of difficulties，but they havent B hope.Apicked up Bgiven upClooked
37、for Dwaited for22012安徽，45题Smoking is bad for your health.Youre right.I decide to D Atake it down Bfind it outCturn it off Dgive it up32015安徽，39题We planned to meet at 10：30 at the station last Sunday，but Bob didnt A until 12：00.Aturn up Bgive upCstay up Dgrow up42011安徽，39题I can hardly hear what it is
38、 saying on TV.Would you please A？Aturn it up Bturn it downCturn it on Dturn it off52008安徽，48题Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing?Im afraid you need to D on the Internet.Alook for it Blook at itClook it over Dlook it up62010安徽，37题How can I C well with my lessons，Dad?Practic
39、e makes perfect.Awork on Bhold onCget on Dkeep on72008安徽，42题Lets plan a surprise for our class.Whats your idea?Why not_D_a short play?Aget on Bkeep onChave on Dput on82016安徽，42题Taking some exercise every day will C fat and make you fit.Aturn to Bsell outCburn off Dput on92017安徽，44题Our geography teac
40、her told us to A more information about our city and share it next week.Afind out Bkeep awayCturn off Duse up102014安徽，39题As time A ，youll come to think of English as your friend and love it.Agoes by Bruns outCtakes off Dturns up112014安徽，46题Rose finished her study in the university and went to _D_a g
41、ood job.Atake after Blook afterCcare for Dsearch for122009安徽，48题These problems are too hard to A Will you give me some advice?There are many ways，but the most important is to have a careful plan.Awork out Blook outChand out Dput out猜押预测猜押预测.单项填空1Before stamps，people didnt _ for the letters they sent
42、，but for the letters they received.Apay Bcost Cspend Dtake2They walked home last night because they couldnt _ to take a taxi.Aleave Bbuy Cafford Dallow3The movie is so interesting that I dont _ seeing it again tomorrow.Aenjoy Bmind Ckeep Dfinish4I _ the school bus this morning.Luckily，Tonys father g
43、ave me a ride.Atook Bcaught Csaw Dmissed52016重庆中考When spring comes，trees begin to _ green.Asound Btaste Ckeep DturnA A C C B B D D D D 6May I play computer games now，Mom?No.You _ finish your homework first.Amust Bcan Ccould Dmay7Must I answer this question in English?No，you _ Amustnt BneedntCcant Ds
44、houldnt8Why are you feeling sleepy all the time?Because I _ late watching the film Kung Fu Panda last night.Astayed up Bcheered upCgave up Dtook up92016济南中考More and more people have realized that we shouldnt _ the ancient buildings in cities.Aget off Bput offCcut down Dpull downA A B B A AD D10They
45、heard the party was _ because of the exam.Aput on Bput upCput off Dput down11Susan _ her friends invitation because of an important meeting.Atook down Bput downCturned down Dwrote down12Our country is taking action to _ air pollution.Acut down Bcut upCcut out Dcut off13Children these days _ their pa
46、rents too much.They should learn how to look after themselves.Aget on Bkeep onChold on Ddepend onC CC C A A D D 14A father in the UK has _ a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time.He takes his sons to their school in a white tank(坦克)Alooked up to Bmade upCcome up with Dshown up15When you
47、are swimming，_ your ears.You can use earplugs(耳塞)to stop water getting into your ears.Atake after Btake part inCtake off Dtake care of C C D D .单词拼写单词拼写 根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1The company o_(提供)the young man a job，but he didnt take it.2Doing more exercise will i_(改善)your health.3The fisher
48、man made a fire and h_(悬挂)his wet clothes up to dry.4We p_(种植)lots of trees around the school last month.Now they grow well.5Mr.Yang couldnt catch the last bus，so he was f_(迫使)to walk home.fferedmproveunglantedorced6Its impossible to s_(分开)Diaoyu Island from China.7Danny is always c_(抄写)others homework，which often makes him fail in exams.8If the sun s_(照耀)brightly，the weather is usually warm.9The thief s_(偷)food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen.10The dentist says we should b_(刷)our teeth at least twice a day.eparateopyinghinestolerush
