1、定定语从句讲解及练习语从句讲解及练习定义定义定语定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。定语从句定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词两个概念两个概念1)The man who lives ne
2、xt to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.maneverythingwhothatThis is the best film that I have seen.关系词关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用关系词的作用1）2）3）关系代词关系代词that 指代先行词指代先行词the best film,在定语从在定语从句中作句中作 seen 的宾语。的宾语。关系词的种类关系词的种类1、关系代词关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose.2、关
3、系副词关系副词when,where,why关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)The man who/whom you met just
4、 now is my friend.3.which指物,在从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(2)Where is the man that/whom I saw this
5、 morning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在从句中做定语。(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.特殊用法(1)只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况 (
6、a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree,that is four hundred years old,Is very famous here.(对)The tree,which is four hundred years old,Is very famous here.(b)介词后只用which不用that。We depend on the land from which we get our food.(2)只能用只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a)不定代词，如：anything,nothing，all等作先行词时或者先行词被不定代词修
7、饰时。(b)先行词有the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。(c)先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(d).先行词既有人又有物时。(e)先行词是the way时，that可作关系副词，也可省略。(f)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。This is the best movie that
8、I have seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Who is the man that is standing by the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁。The way(that/in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方
9、式令人惊奇。关系副词引导定语从句关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词 在句中作状语。when(时间),where(地点),why(原因)关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where指地点指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
10、2.when引导定语从句表示时间时间。在定语从句中做时间状语。(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。I still remember the f
11、irst time I met her.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。3.why指原因指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2)From the year when/in which he was
12、going to school,he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.关系词的种类1、关系代词关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose.指人：who,whom,that,whose指物：which,that,whose（在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语。）（在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语。）2、关系副词（在从句中充当状语。）关系副词（在从句中充当状语。）when(时间),where(地点),why(原因)关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)whe
13、n=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配)如何选择合适的关系词1、找到从句并判断从句类型。2、找到先行词。3、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分。This is the house I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day you joined our club?wherewhenhouseday请划出定语从句，并判断关系词在从句中所充当的成分。1.Check the ways you study for an English test.2.Another thing that I found very difficult was
14、 English grammar.3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast.4.I have some ideas that may help.5.They said something that you didnt like.6.Can you think of any problems that you have had recently?7.He would always take pride in everything good I do.8.My friends and I talked about the rules that
15、we have in school.9.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?10.If you know anyone else who collects them,please tell me.11.Standing very close to the person whom you are talking with is quite common in some countries.12.If you know someone that you know doing this,you can ask them.13.
16、All that I ever wanted to do was traveling.用合适的关系词填空1.I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2.Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October,_is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5.Ill never
17、 forget the last day_ we spent together.6.This is the school _I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8.Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?whenwhenwhichthat/whichthatwherethat/whichwhere9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for t
18、he West Lake?10.Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.11.I live in Beijing,_ is the capital of China.12.There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.13.It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.14.The moment _I saw you,I recognized(认出)you15.This is the very novel about _ weve talked so much.16.This is the way _ he did it.17.Who is the student _was late for school today?whichwherewhichwhenthatwhenthatthatthat
