1、Welcome Unit-Discovering Useful StructuresLead inWhat Are They?1.S(subject)主语主语2.V(verb)谓语动词谓语动词3.O(object)宾语宾语4.P(predicative)表语表语5.A(adverbial)状语状语6.DO(direct objective)直接宾语直接宾语7.IO(indirect objective)间接宾语间接宾语8.C(objective complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语9.There be =there be 结构结构Lets reviewWhat Is Subject?1.
2、S(subject)主语主语1.1 A tiger eats meat.S1.2 He is my father.S1.3.Mr.Wood is a teacher.S What can be“subject”in a sentence?a tiger?nounhe?pronounMr.Wood?nounnameLets reviewWhat Is Verb?2.V(verb)谓语谓语动词动词2.1 A tiger eats meat.V2.2 A fish can swim.V2.3.He doesnt like fruit.V What can be“verb”in a sentence?
3、can=Vdoesnt=Vcan swimLets reviewWhat Is Object?3.O(object)宾宾语语3.1 A tiger eats meat.O3.2 I like it.O3.3 He called Tom.O What can be“object”in a sentence?meat?nounit?pronounTom?nameLets reviewWhat Is Predicative?4.P(predicative)表表语语4.1 He looks fine.P 4.2 You are happy.P4.3 He became a teacher.P What
4、 can be“predicative”in a sentence?look,are,become=link verb link verb +adj./noun=PP contains a verb!Lets reviewWhat Is Adverbial?5.A(adverbial)状状语语5.1 He lives in Shenzhen.A 5.2 You go to school by bus.A5.3 He was born in 1918.A What can be“adverbial”in a sentence?Lets reviewWhat Is DO(Direct Object
5、ive)?6.DO(direct objective)直接宾语直接宾语6.1 He gave me a pen.DO 6.2 We bought him a gift.DO6.3 He wrote me a letter.DO What can be“direct objective”in a sentence?Lets reviewWhat Is IO(Indirect Objective)?7.IO(indirect objective)间接宾语间接宾语7.1 He gave me a pen.IO 7.2 We bought Mr.Wood a gift.IO7.3 He wrote h
6、is mother a letter.IO What can be“indirect objective”in a sentence?Lets reviewWhat Is C(Complement)?8.C(complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语8.1 The war made him a hero.C 8.2 The fire left him homeless.C8.3 He found his glasses broken.C What can be“complement”in a sentence?Group Discussion1.Examine the sentence str
7、uctures and see what parts are shared by all of them.2.What part is more stable and what part is the most unstable in a sentence?Why?Sentence StructureSV SVO SP SVIODO SVOC SVA SVOAAnswers to questions in Discussion1.Parts shared by all of the structures:2.“S”is the more stable part;“V”is the most u
8、nstable part.Make a list of the“S”forms and the“V”forms that appear in the above slides.Learn to recognize the structures 1.SV structure1.1 A bird flies.S V 1.2 Monkeys jumped.S V 1.3 He was sleeping.S V In SV structure,verbs are intransitive.Can you make a“SV”sentence?Learn to recognize the structu
9、res 2.SVO structure2.1 A sheep eats grass.S V O 2.2 Monkeys like bananas.S V O2.3 He wants some candy.S V O In SVO structure,verbs are transitive.Please make a SVO sentence!Learn to recognize the structures 3.SP structure3.1 This is great S P3.2 He looks well.S P3.3 She became a teacher.S PIn SP str
10、ucture,P refers to“link verb+adjective/noun”.Link verbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Lets try making a SP sentence with“grow”!Learn to recognize the structures 4.SV IO DO structure4.1 He asked me a question.S V IO DO4.2 Danny wrote his mom a letter.S V IO DO4.3 She bought Mr.Wood a book.S V I
11、O DOIn SV IO DO structure,verbs are transitive and are followed by IO and DO.Find a SVIODO sentence in your textbook and share it with the class!Learn to recognize the structures 5.SVOC structure5.1 The war made him a hero.S V O C5.2 They found his cat dead.S V O C5.3 She called him Mr.Wood.S V O CI
12、n SVOC structure,an implied logical relation exists between O and C.In Example 5.1,the relation between“him”and“a hero”is supposed to be-“he is a hero”.Whats the relation between“his cat”and“dead”in 5.2?Learn to recognize the structures 6.SVA structure6.1 It rained heavily.S V A6.2 He coughed badly.
13、S V A6.3 The rabbit ran in the woods.S V AIn SVA structure,adverbial is usually at the end of the sentence.Please give another example of SVA structure!Learn to recognize the structures 7.SVOA structure7.1 A sheep is eating grass over there.S V O A7.2 Mum makes lunch in the kitchen.S V O A7.3 They l
14、iked the film very much.S V O AIn SVOA structure,the verb is transitive and is followed by an object and an adverbial.Learn to recognize the structures 8.“There be”structure8.1 There is an apple on the table.V S A7.2 There are seven days in a week.V S A7.3 There is milk and bread.V SIn“there be”stru
15、cture,S and V are inverted.Vs number is decided by the very first noun of S.Lets practiseExercise 1:Read the sentences and analyse the structures.(1)I have learning goals.(2)He works hard.(3)He never watches TV at night.(4)A fish swims.(5)I was writing him an email.(6)They left the boy starved to de
16、ath.(7)You feel tired.(8)There were some children on the playground.(1)I have learning goals.(SVO)(2)He works hard.(SVA)(3)He never watches TV at night.(SVOA)(4)A fish swims.(SV)(5)I was writing him an email.(SV IO DO)(6)They left the boy starved to death.(SVOC)(7)You feel tired.(SP)(8)There were so
17、me children on the playground.(VS)Lets practiseAnswers to Exercise 1Lets practiseExercise 2:Analyse the structures of the underlined sentences in the passage.Lets practiseAnswers to Exercise 2:1.Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.S V DO IO2.She led the China womens volleyball team to
18、medals at Olympics.S V O A3.The team was falling apart.S V A4.Losing two important players was a big challenge.S P5.She had faced difficulties before.S V O A6.They were world champions!S PLets practiseExercise 3:Find the differences SP vs.SVA 1.The boy looks great.S P2.The boy worked very hard.S V A
19、Any differences between“great”and“very hard”?Lets practiseAnswer to“the differences of SP vs.SVA”1.P in“SP”means“link verb”+“adj./noun”2.VA means“intransitive verb”+adverb3.For example:look great (look:link verb;great:adj.)P(link verb+adj.)work hard (work:vi.;hard:adv.)V A(vi.+adv.)Lets practiseExer
20、cise 4:Find the differences SVOC vs.SVOA 1.The news made me happy.S V O C2.The mother missed her kid badly.S V O Ahappy vs.badlyDifferences?Lets practiseAnswer to“the differences SVOC vs.SVOA”1.“C”means“nouns/adjectives.”2.“A”means“adverbs/prepositional phrases”The news made me in the room.?SummaryI
21、n this period,weve learned about some important concepts of syntax.1.The definitions of S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C2.Morphologic features of S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C3.The particular features of verbs4.The significance of learning verb patternsHomework1.Recite concepts of S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C.2.Think about the significance of distinguishing“vi.”from“vt.”Thank You
