1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 单元教材分析单元教材分析 主题语境 本单元是“人与自然”主题语境下对“自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护”的探讨。中心话题是“地震”，内容涉及地震的相关知识，包括唐山大地震震前的征兆、他震中的破坏、地震造成的损失、震后救援及重建等。语言技能【理解性技能】能根据上下文语境猜测词义。【表达性技能】（1）报道自然灾害；运用指令性语言。（2）为新闻事件的专题报道写概要。语言知识语言知识【词汇】核心词汇：rescue,damage,destroy,affect,shelter,ruin,shock,trap,bu
2、ry,breathe,effort,suffer,supply,survive,calm,aid,sweep,strike,effect等。常考短语：as if,in ruins,in shock,in the open air,on hand等。【语法】引导定语从句的关系代词的用法【句式】(1)as if的用法(2)“主语+系动词+表语+todo”结构(3)过去分词(短语)作定语(4)as.as.原级比较结构(5)when的用法 敲黑板 1.课时任务：围绕“地震”这一中心话题，通过听说环节，学会对自然灾害进行报道。通过阅读环节，学会描述地震灾害。2.语篇导读：通过 Reading and T
3、hinking部分了解唐山大地震的相关情况，包括地震的前兆、地震中的破坏地震造成的损失、震后救援及重建等。3.语言知识：rescue,damage,destroy,affect,shelter,in ruins,in shock,trap,bury,breathe,effort,suffer,as if 的的用法，用法，“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语+to do”结构等。THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.For seve
4、ral days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it.地球的一个不眠之夜地球的一个不眠之夜河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口
5、水井冒出臭气。一口水井冒出臭气。have sth doing 表示遭遇表示遭遇 in the countryside在农村在农村 rise and fall 起起落落起起落落come out of 从从-中出来中出来 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a.m
6、.,on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。水面。19761976年年7 7月月2828日凌晨日凌晨3:003:00左右，
7、唐山城外左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。样沉睡在梦乡。too nervous to do 太紧张而不能太紧张而不能as usual 像往常一样像往常一样run out of the fields从田野里跑出来从田野里跑出来jump out of the water从水里跳出来从水里跳出来 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Strange things were happening in the coun
8、tryside of northeastern Hebei.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildin
9、gs.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a.m.,on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.Para1:Warning signs
10、 before the earthquake.At 3：42 a.m.，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!凌晨凌晨3 3：4242，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来，
11、万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的临！在城市正下方的1111千米处，千米处，2020世纪伤亡最严世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150150多千米以外的多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一的地区均有震感！come to an end结束结束 a quake 作one of the most deadly earthquakes 同位语，后面接that 引导的定语从句，修饰quake,进一步补充说明。as if 引导从句使用了虚拟引导从句使用了虚拟语气，系动词用语气
12、，系动词用weredirectly below the city城市的正下方 A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of chi
13、ldren were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8 8千米长、千米长、3030米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震
14、中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了4040万。万。cut across 穿过穿过lie in ruins 沦为废墟沦为废墟Two thirds of 三分之二三分之二be left without parents失去父母失去父母 At 3：42 a.m.，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the ci
15、ty，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways.Hard hills of rock bec
16、ame rivers of dirt.In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.Para2:The happening of the big e
17、arthquake.Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them
18、away.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead.幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约大约75%75%的工厂和大楼、的工厂和大楼、90%90%的住房和所有的医院的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的
19、红叶覆盖着地面，但都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。be gone 消失不见消失不见 blow away 吹散；吹走吹散；吹走 tens of thousands of成千上万的成千上万的hundreds of thousands of数十万的数十万的 millions of 数以百万的数以百万的 Sand now filled
20、the wells instead of water.People were in shockand then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次
21、强烈的地震撼动唐然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。久。instead of而不是而不是in shock惊恐万状fall down倒塌；摔倒 Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the citys factories and b
22、uildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands
23、of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shockand then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would
24、last.Para3:The immediate effects of the earthquake.But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了部队派出了
25、1515万名士兵奔赴唐山，万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。到现场，救死扶伤。dig out 挖出；挖掘挖出；挖掘 the dead 死者（死者（the+形容词，表示一类人）形容词，表示一类人）provide medical care提供医疗服务提供医疗服务 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were help
26、ed.Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。生机。But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes，the a
27、rmy sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought in
28、to the city by train，truck，and plane.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.Para4:The rescue work.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The
29、new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment.唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为城市已经成为700700多万人的家园，交通、工多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。业和环境
30、都得到了巨大的改善。get back up on its feet再次站了起来再次站了起来be built upon the arthquake ruins 在地震的废墟上重建在地震的废墟上重建a home to 某人的家园某人的家园with great improvements in transportation,industry and environment 在交通在交通、工业和环境上的巨大改善工业和环境上的巨大改善 Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，
31、people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须勤力同心，保持积极乐观的心态人类必须勤力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。和重建家园的决心。in times of disater在自然灾害中在自然灾害中stay positive 保持保持积极乐观的心态积极乐观的心态 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on it
32、s feet.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment.Tangshan city has proved
33、to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.Para5:The revival of the city.The Structure of the passage核心词汇 1.What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?救援人员和战士正在洪涝灾区做什么
34、？rescue n.营救；救援 A rescue team is trying to reach the trapped miners.常用搭配 come to the/ones rescue 搭救某人；救助某人 His father came to his rescue and lent him the money.vt.营救；救援Hundreds of people are still in the water,waiting to be rescued.常用搭配常用搭配rescue.from.从从中拯中拯救救She managed to rescue the boy from the b
35、urning house.牛刀小试 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Finally they_(rescue)by helicopter yesterday.2.It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy _ the well.3.A wealthy businessman came to _(they)rescue with a generous donation.were rescued from their 2.Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of
36、the most deadly earthquakes of the 20 th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.damage n.U损坏；损失；破坏；pl.损害赔偿金 The higher the oil price is,the more damage it will cause to the global economy.He was ordered to pay damages totalling 30,000.常用搭配 do/cause
37、 damage(to.)(对)造成损害 If a mother-to-be choose to drink alcohol,it can cause permanent damage to a babys brain.They decided to drive the cow away before it did more damage.vt.损害；破坏 Several buildings were damaged in the earthquake.牛刀小试牛刀小试 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.The accident caused some damage _m
38、y car,but its nothing serious.2.Smoking seriously_(damage)your health.3.Several cars _(damage)in the crash which happened last night.4.His doctor told me that his nerves_(damage)and he was unconscious(昏迷的).5.Actually,severe damage _(do)to our land is of fairly recent origin in the history of our evo
39、lution(进化).二、根据汉语意思完成句子。过度日晒会对你的皮肤造成严重损伤。Too much sun can_your skin.todamageswere damagedwere damageddonedo/cause serious damage to 3.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破坏 常用搭配 destroy ones confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰 First,this can destroy an artists career.Heat
40、 gradually destroys vitamin C.联想词联想词 destruction n.U摧毁；毁灭；破坏 Today,the scars of destruction are still seen in Rockaway,but hope is in the air.destructive adj.造成破坏的;毁灭性的 What is good for the individual can be destructive to the family.destroy to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no
41、 longer exists.毁坏；摧毁毁坏；摧毁侧重“毁毁”，无法修复侧重“损损”，可修复damage：to cause physical damage to sth or to part of sbs body The rain ruined my hair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。ruin:to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.侧重侧重“毁坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此尽管此 物仍然存在。物仍然存在。易混辨析 destroy，damage
42、 与 ruin 的用法区别易混词 用 法destroy作动词，指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或很难修复。damage可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。damage 作名词表示抽象的“损害；破坏”时，为不可数名词，构成词组do/cause damage to sb/sth。ruin可用作动词或名词，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年 龄、疏忽等，多用于比喻用法中；它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏”。作名词时常构成短语 fall into ruin，意为“(因无人照料而)衰落，败落”，lie/be in ruins意为“严重破损；破败不堪”
43、。牛刀小试牛刀小试 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.The whole village _（destroy)in the sudden flood last year,leaving nothing to the native people.2.Thousands of houses _(damage)by the storm,and the repair work would last half a month.3.My new white dress was totally_(ruin)by the dirty water.4.A huge amount of environment
44、al damage has been brought about by the _(destroy)of the rain forests.was destroyed were damaged ruined destruction 4.82 killed,500,000 affected 82人死亡，50万人受影响 教材 P49 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤(或怜悯)；使(某人)深有感触 A bad home environment can affect a childs healthy growth.不良的家庭环境会影响儿童的健康成长。The change
45、 of climate may affect your health.气候的变化可能影响你的健康。She was deeply affected by the news of his death.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。联想词 affection n.sing,U喜爱；钟爱 have an affection for.喜爱 He obviously has a great affection for Canada and its people.他明显很喜欢加拿大和加拿大人民。易混辨析 affect 与 effect 的用法区别易混词易混词用用 法法affect动词，意为动词，意为“影响；影响
46、；(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动”。effect名词，意为名词，意为“效果；结果；效果；结果；影响影响”；常用搭配；常用搭配have an effect on.意为意为“对对 产产生影响生影响”。effect作动词罕见作动词罕见且正式，意为且正式，意为“实现；产实现；产生生”。牛刀小试 一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.In these years,the tax increases _(affect)us all.2.We _(affect)by the sufferings of the people in the stricken
47、areas.3.He had a great_（affect)for his old friends.二、用二、用affect或或effect 的适当形式完成句子。的适当形式完成句子。1.Alcohol has a very bad _on drivers.2.Their objection will not _my decision.3.Cancer_ his lungs and brought his life to an end.have affectedare/were affectedaffectioneffectaffectaffected 5.Workers built shel
48、ters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。教材 P50 shelter n.C避难处；收容所U 掩蔽；居所；庇护 We made a dash through the rain for the bus shelter.People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.常用搭配 under the shelter of sth在某物的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下 take shelter from.躲避 They enjoyed their pic
49、nic under the shelter of the tree.We took shelter from the storm in a barn.n.保护；掩蔽；收留 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)A neighbour sheltered the boy for seven days.一个邻居收留了那个男孩7天。常用搭配 shelter from.躲避 shelter.from.保护免受 Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。联想词 sheltered adj.备受呵护的；免遭恶劣天气影响的牛刀小试 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词
50、的正确形式。1.Some parents are just too protective.They want to shelter their kids _every kind of danger.2.She used an umbrella to take shelter_ the burning sun.3.We sat in the shade,_(shelter)from the sun.4.My mother,who had a _(shelter)upbringing(抚育),has fantastic memories of childhood.5.He managed to b
