1、版本：新人教 单元：必修一 Unit 4(Reading and Thinking Discovering Useful Structures)单词课堂本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.crack拟声词，模仿破裂的声音 2.ruin词块：in ruins3.percent英式 per cent；拓展：percentage4.shock一词多义：基本义“一物对另一物的冲击”词块：in shock名词动词化：使震惊派生词：shocked,shocking(分词形容词)5.electricity构词：electric(电的)+-ity(名词后缀)词块：cut off electricity,make/
2、produce/generate electricity词族：electric,electrical,electrically,electrician,electricity 6.trap基本义：陷阱；隐喻：具体的“陷阱”抽象的“圈套”词块：be trapped in 7.bury基本义：埋词块：be buried in/bury oneself in 8.breathe构词：breath(n 呼吸)+-e(动词后缀)词块：breathe in/out词族：breath,breathe,breathing,breathless 9.revive&revivalre-(again 再)+vive
3、(to live 活)revive(复活)revive+-al(名词后缀)revival10.effort词块：make an effort to do sth,spare no effort to do sth,time and effort,be worth the effort词族：effort,effortless,effortlessly11.unify构词：uni-(one 一)+-fy(to make 使)使成一体 统一同前缀词：unique12.wisdom构词：wise+-dom(联系 freedom)13.contextcon-(with,together 一起、共同)+t
4、ext(to weave 编织)共同编织在一起的 上下文14.suffer构词：suf-(under 由下向上)+fer(to carry,bear 承担、承载)承受；遭受(基本义)词块：suffer from；派生词：suffering15.volcano派生词：volcanic16.erupt构词：e-(out)+rupt(to break)向外破裂开 爆发派生词：eruption(词块：volcanic eruption)17.supply词块：school/medical supplies,supply and demand,the electricity supply,supply
5、sth to sb/supply sb with sth 18.survive构词：sur-(over,beyond 超过)+vive(to live 活)比活得长(基本义)同根词：revive,vitamin词族：survive,survival,survivor重难点词精讲suffersurvive一词多义一词多义英语释义supplyshock一词多义用法辨析义effort一词多义搭配义trap一词多义 设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住：Its cruel to trap birds.I trapped my coat in the car door.把困住；使陷入困境：Having been tr
6、apped in traffic,he was late for work.留存；储存（气体 /水等）：Because of the greenhouse effect the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.名词动词化名词动词化 vteffort I might say that success is won by three things:first,effort;second,more effort;third,still more effort.Thomas Hardy可以说成功之道唯三点：努力，努力，再努力！托马斯
7、哈代 托马斯哈代(Thomas Hardy，1840 1928)，英国诗人、小说家。哈代早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统。代表作品有小说德伯家的苔丝(Tess of the DUrbervilles)、无名的裘德(Jude the Obscure)等。晚年以其诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。effort词源解读effort 由前缀 ef-(=ex-out)+词根 fort(strong)构成，和 force 是同根词，意为“force,strength,power”，即“力气；力量”。U&C 气力；精力 the physical and mental energy
8、thats needed to do sth：She puts her time and effort into helping others.Visit the museum when youre there.Its well worth the effort.With(an)effort she managed to stop herself laughing.C 努力；尽力 an attempt to do sth thats difficult：Greg has gone on a diet in an effort to lose some weight.As a senior hi
9、gh school student,you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.Lets start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every minute!C 常用于名词后 有组织的活动：the international relief/rescue effort=try hard to词汇拓展 effortless adj 不需费力的【词族】effort,effortless,effortlessly活着就要经
10、受痛苦；而生存是为了在痛苦中寻找意义。尼采弗里德里希威廉尼采(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844 1900)，德国哲学家、语言学家、文化评论家、诗人、作曲家、思想家。主要著作有权力意志(Will to Power)、悲剧的诞生(The Birth of Tragedy)、查拉图斯特拉如是说(Thus Spoke Zarathustra)等。尼采被认为是西方现代哲学的开创者，他的著作对于宗教、道德、现代文化、哲学、以及科学等领域提出了广泛的批判和讨论。他的写作风格独特，经常使用格言和悖论的技巧。尼采对于后代哲学的发展影响很大，尤其是在存在主义与后现代主义上。suff
11、er vi&vt 患（病）；（因疾病）受苦 to experience physical or mental pain：suffer(from)a heart attackIm suffering from a bad back.vi&vt 遭受（困难等）to experience and be badly affected by sth：suffer(from)defeat/lossYou will suffer one day for your carelessness.He greatly suffered from homesickness during his first few m
12、onths abroad.vi 变差；变糟 to become worse：His school work is suffering because of family problems.suffer词源解读suffer由suf-(由下向上)和词根fer(承担)构成。基本义是“遭受”。【词汇拓展词汇拓展】suffering n U（身体或精神上）疼痛；痛苦：（身体或精神上）疼痛；痛苦：He died without much suffering.This experience caused him much mental suffering.常用复数苦难；折磨：常用复数苦难；折磨：He sle
13、pt on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings.suffer语义网络图遭受（基本义）“遭受”病痛等“遭受”困难等患患（病病）；（因疾病因疾病）受苦受苦遭受（遭受（困难等）事情“遭受”变差 变差；变糟变差；变糟supply vt 供给；供应；提供：supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth:The media supplies lots of information to us every day.n U 供应；供给：supply and demand cut off the electricity s
14、upply C 供应量；补给量：There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.Water is in short supply.复数生活必需品；补给品：school/medical/relief/emergency supplies 辨析provide,offer,supply三者都有“供给、提供”的意思，但用法不同。provide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供”，常用provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth结构。The Red Cross provides food and shel
15、ter for disaster victims.The project is designed to provide young people with work.offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用offer sb sth或offer to do sth结构。She offered me a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.He offered to go instead of me.supply 通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth to sb结构。The
16、 butcher supplies us with meat.survive我不是药神（英文译名 Dying to survive）是由文牧野执导，宁浩、徐峥共同监制的剧情片。该片于2018年7月5日在中国上映。影片讲述了徐峥扮演的程勇从一个交不起房租的小商贩，一跃成为印度仿制药“格列宁”独家代理商的故事。电影展现了一群人为了生存下去而苦苦挣扎。影片有笑有泪，还有思考。在生活小细节的层层推进下，导演将小人物的日常平凡、卑微、无甚波澜的生活带到了更为深远的一步。survive vt 比活得长：She survived her husband by ten years.vi&vt 幸存（于）：He
17、 survived the earthquake.注：不能说He survived from/after/in the earthquake.vi&vt 挺过；熬过：Rowling had spent years surviving on little money,spending all her time writing.vi 保存下来：Some old customs have survived into the present.survive v survive 语义网络语义网络图图在灾难中活得长(具体）寿命活得长（人）在困境中活得长（抽象）物品或者风俗活得长（具体）幸存（于）挺过；熬过
18、保存下来比活得长比活得长（基本义）survivor n C 幸存者 survival n(必修一 U1)U 幸存；继续生存：the survival of the fittest C 幸存物；残存物：The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.词汇拓展泰坦尼克号这部电影讲述了泰坦尼克号这艘豪华游轮在航行时由于撞上了冰山而沉没，男主杰克（Jack）为了救女主露丝（Rose）而冻死在冰冷的海水中的故事。在泰坦尼克号缓缓下沉时，杰克带着露丝跑到船尾，爬上栏杆坚持到泰坦尼克号沉没。最后杰克将露丝推上一块漂浮木板。露丝要比杰克活得长。Rose
19、survived Jack.露丝在这次沉船事故中幸存下来。Rose survived the accident.杰克为了露丝能够存活下来，不断地鼓励她，而自己却冻死在寒冷的海水里。多年后寻宝探险家布洛克从沉船上打捞起一个锈迹斑斑的保险柜。露丝在冰冷的海上挺了过来最终获救。Rose survived the frozen sea and was rescued in the end.他发现里面有一幅素描画留存至今。He found that a drawing had survived into the present.这幅素描由杰克为露丝所画。本单元金句汇总1.Mom hasnt gotten
20、 over the shock of Dads death.2.Having been trapped in traffic,he was late for work.3.As a senior high school student,you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.4.You will suffer one day for your carelessness.5.The media supplies lots of information to us every da
21、y.6.He survived the earthquake.随堂检测一、写出下列句子中一、写出下列句子中shock的汉语释义。的汉语释义。1.It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart._2.The shock wave was felt even in my plane,several miles away from the harbor._二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.They will get _ shock when they
22、 get this bill.2.The parents were _(shock)by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.(2013 重庆)3.The _(shock)news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.(2011 北京)4.Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.Without immediate medical care,Paris would die.At first,no one mo
23、ved.The girls were _ shock.(2017 北京)ashocked shocking 震惊震惊shock 冲击波冲击波in一、根据句意选出trap的最佳释义。a.（捕捉鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网 b.（陷害人的）圈套；诡计c.牢笼；困境 _ 1.She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it._ 2.The only way to catch mice is to set a trap._ 3.Ill describe some situations that commonly arise between
24、teenagers and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.(2010 湖北改)bactrap二、根据句意写出下列句子中trap的汉语释义。1.She felt trapped in her role of wife and mother._2.The consequences(后果)could be serious if we dont keep reducing emissions(排放)of CO2 and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atm
25、osphere.(2009 福建改)_3.I was trapped into signing my name._使陷入困境储存使中计/使陷入圈套 一、一、根据所给汉语，用根据所给汉语，用带有带有effort的的词块完成下列句子。词块完成下列句子。1.Kim is _(努力减肥).2.The local clubs are _(尽一切努力使感兴趣)more young people.3.Parents arrange everything for their children and _ (不遗余力)to pave(铺)the way for their success.(2013 福建)4.
26、Visit the museum when youre there.Its _(很值得一游).二、二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。我努力在紧急情况下保持镇静。(make an effort)_ I made an effort to keep calm in an emergency.effort well worth the effort spare no effort making an effort to lose weight making every effort to interest 一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。一、根据句意写出画线
27、部分的汉语释义。1.His grades suffer during soccer season._2.When I was just 20 months old,I suffered serious burns after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head.(2013 四川)_3.Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.(2010 陕西
28、)_下降；变差下降；变差受到严重烫伤受到严重烫伤 出现背部问题出现背部问题suffer二、根据汉语提示完成句子。二、根据汉语提示完成句子。1._(无论我遭受什么失败)in my life,an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.(2014 湖南)2.Although Rosemary had _(身患重疾)for years,she lost none of her enthusiasm(热情)for life.(2013 陕西)3.Music is an important way we express _(人类的苦难),celebra
29、tion,the meaning and value of peace and love.(2009 北京)Whatever/No matter what failures I suffer suffered(from)a serious illness/diseasehuman suffering 根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。1._(食品补给)in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.(2012 重庆)2.The Help Desk _(
30、为提供服务)you all the year round!(2008 湖南)3.She survived because of _(充足的供应)of fresh water.(2015 陕西)4.Water is _(供应短缺),pollution is worsening,and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.(2014 陕西)supplyFood supplies supplies service to a plentiful supply in short supply 一、写出下列句子中一、写出下列句子中surv
31、ive的汉语释义。的汉语释义。_ 1.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates(候选人)and survive the test alone.(2014 广东)_ 2.Only one copy of the book still survives._ 3.Life is hard at the moment,but were surviving.幸存于幸存于保存下来保存下来挺过来；挺过来；熬过来；熬过来；艰难度过艰难度过survive二、用二、用surviv
32、e的适当形式完成下列句子。的适当形式完成下列句子。1.For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for _ is having someone nearby step in and do CPR(心肺复苏)quickly.(2017 北京)2.Officials said he was the only _ of the plane crash.3.He is the only man who _ after the explosion(爆炸).三、根据所给提示，用三、根据所给提示，用survive完成句子。完成句子。1.The front passengers were lucky to _(在车 祸中幸免于难).2.Having _(熬过那一夜),we were confident that everything else would be all right.(2014 湖北)survival/surviving survivor survived survive the car accident survived that night谢谢观赏
