1、The Present Perfect Tense-2-现在完成时的构成（现在完成时的构成（have/has done）和用法）和用法 现在完成时跨在两个时间之上现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一个是过去一个是过去,一个是现在。它的动一个是现在。它的动作发生在过去作发生在过去,但对现在产生影响或结果。但对现在产生影响或结果。与现在完成时连用的时间状语与现在完成时连用的时间状语already,yet,ever,never,for,since,these days,twice,three times,so far,in the past/last.years 等。等。考点考点 现在完成时的构成和用法现
2、在完成时的构成和用法句式结构：句式结构：肯定句式肯定句式:主语主语+助动词助动词 have(has)+过去分词过去分词否定句式否定句式:主语主语+助动词助动词 have(has)+not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句式一般疑问句式:助动词助动词 Have(Has)+主语主语+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句式的回答：一般疑问句式的回答：（肯定）（肯定）Yes，主语主语+have/has.(否定否定)No，主语，主语+havent/hasnt.规则动词的过去分词的变化规律规则动词的过去分词的变化规律 1 一般情况下，动词词尾加一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：，如：work-worked play-pl
3、ayed want-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：，如：live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把-y变为变为-i 再加再加-ed，如：，如：study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加再加-ed，如：，如：stop-stopped
4、 动词过去分词记忆口诀：动词过去分词记忆口诀：一加一加ed，二加，二加d 三要双写，四注意：三要双写，四注意：y变成变成ied.1.work-worked open-opened answer-answered2.hope-hoped3.drop-dropped stop-stopped4.study-studied过去分词的构成过去分词的构成travelledmovedstayedownedlearnedvisitedstoppedfinishedshoppedrepairedA 规则动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词B 不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词thoughtcaughtgiv
5、enmadewrittenputcostgrownhurtrunEg.（改为否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答)I have seen him since his wedding day.I havent seen him since his wedding day.Have you seen him since his wedding day?Yes,I have./No,I havent.He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答)Has he written to you since you have been
6、ill?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.He hasnt written to me since I have been ill.-9-现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。它强调的是过它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等等.Zhang Fang has just turned off the light.张芳刚刚把灯关上。张芳刚刚把灯关上。(说明灯现在关上了说明灯现在关上了)
7、I have already cleaned the room.我已经打扫了房间。我已经打扫了房间。(说明现在房间已经干净了说明现在房间已经干净了)I havent had breakfast yet.我还没有吃早饭。（说明我可能现在要去吃个早饭或者我很饿）我还没有吃早饭。（说明我可能现在要去吃个早饭或者我很饿）考点考点 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法(2)表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在,并且有可能继并且有可能继续下去续下去,往往与往往与for或或since引导引导表示一段时间的状语连用。表示一段时间的状语连用。My fa
8、ther has worked in this factory for many years.我父亲在这家工厂工作很多年了。我父亲在这家工厂工作很多年了。I have been here since 2000.我从我从2000年开始就在这里了。年开始就在这里了。(3)表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。I ve been to the Great Wall many times.我去过长城好多次了。我去过长城好多次了。1.already肯定句肯定句:句中句中(助后实前助后实前)/句末句末“已已经经”一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“难道难道
9、”Eg.Ive already had breakfast.(更常见)=Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调)Have you had breakfast already?你难道已经吃过早饭了吗？考点考点 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别现在完成时中标志词的用法区别2.yet否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末“已已经经”Eg.I havent had breakfast yet.我还没吃早饭。Have you had breakfast yet?你已经吃过早饭了吗？Eg.I have already done my homework.否定
10、句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.already&yet用用 already或或 yet填空填空1)Have they taken down the old pictures _?No,they havent _.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _.3)He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.
11、yetyetalreadyyet 3.ever肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句:句中句中“曾经曾经”Eg.Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?4.never否定句否定句:句中句中“从来没有从来没有”Eg.Ive never been to Beijing.带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Eg.He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No,never
12、.He has never made dumplings.never&ever用用 ever或或 never填空填空-Have you_ ridden a horse?-No，_.neverever5.just用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Eg.Ive just had breakfast.What have they just done?6.before用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Eg.Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?7.for Eg.I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studi
13、ed English for 3 years.在句中与在句中与一段时间一段时间连用连用8.since+从句(一般过去时)词组（一段时间+ago）(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg.I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.=for+一段时间一段时间for 5 years对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.Eg.I have lived here for 10 years.How
14、 long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?since&for用用 since或或 for填空填空1)We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs.Liao has been in hospital _last week.3)I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.sincesincefor短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当
15、然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.(正)I have been away there for 5 years.短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换 判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour()He has been at the station for half an hour.He arrived at the station half an hour ago.翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-The film
16、 has been on for fifteen minutes.CHe _the League since two years ago.A.Joined B.has joined C.has been in have/has been tohave/has been to，have/has gone tohave/has gone to，have/has been inhave/has been in的用法区别的用法区别 1“Have/has been to+地名地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2“have/has
17、gone to+地名地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。3“have/has been in+地名地名”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记：been to，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清；have/has been to+地名，曾经到过某地行；have/has gone to+地点，到某地去了已走远。have/has been in+地名，已经在某地了。用用have/has been to,have/has been in或或have/has gone to填空填空1.-Where is your brother?-He _ the shop.Hell b
18、e back soon.2.-_ you ever _ America?-Yes,I _ New York twice.3.We _ this class since last week.4.-How long _ you _ China?-Two years.5.-David _ Australia.1.-Im sure hes already arrived.has gone toHavebeen tohave been tohave been inhavebeen inhas gone toIt is+一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+h
19、as passed +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.自从我参军已经五年了。考点考点 现在完成时中的固定句型现在完成时中的固定句型自从我来到这正好两天It is just two days since I came hereTwo days has passed since I came here lIt_ (be)ten years since I_(finish)middle school.is 翻
20、译句子翻译句子 完成句子完成句子finished-27-一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 考点考点 一般过去时态与现在完成时区别一般过去时态与现在完成时区别 一般过去时标志：一般过去时标志：yesterday,once,a few days ago,just now,last night and so on.现在完成时标志：现在完成时标志：recently,already,yet,just,ever,so far,before，for+时间段，时间段，since+过去时间点过去时间点and so on.He has lived in Beijing since 1999
21、.自自1999年以来他一直住在北京。年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在在1999年的时候他在北京住过。年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）考点考点 一般过去时态与现在完成时区别一般过去时态与现在完成时区别Translation 1.1.他昨天去北京了。他昨天去北京了。2.2.他去北京两天了。他去北京两天了。He went to Beijing yesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）He has been in Beijing f
22、or two days.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）（注意时态）1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.Have mended have d
23、id mend mended havent seen joined has been4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.7.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)8.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visited for justHomework 1.我已经离开那所学校两年了。2.这个小孩已经生病两天了。3.这本书小明已经借了一周了。4.这家书店已经开业五年了。5.我妈妈去超市了。她很快就回来了。
