1、句子分为三大类句子分为三大类 一.简单句 二.并列句 三.复合句简单句简单句1.（主系表）1)He and I are(pretty good)swimmers.2)The flowers smelled sweet.译译:3:3）他的梦想是在大城市生活）他的梦想是在大城市生活2.（主谓）（不及物动词）1）Time flies.2)The theatre tickets sold well.译译:3 3）他们在半夜出发。）他们在半夜出发。His dream is to live in the city.They set off at midnight.3.(主谓宾)1)She has acce
2、pted our invitation.2）Our teacher offered to help us.译译:3 3)几天前他们制定了一个计划。几天前他们制定了一个计划。4 4）我建议晚饭后散步。）我建议晚饭后散步。4.O（主谓间宾直宾）1)Li Ming threw the kid a ball./Li Ming threw a ball to the kid.2)He bought me a bottle of ink./He bought a bottle of ink for me.The other day they worked out a plan.I suggest taki
3、ng a walk after supper.5.（主谓宾宾补）1)I heard them singing the son.2)The man had his wallet stolen(on the bus).译：译：3 3）我们发现她难相处。）我们发现她难相处。4 4）父母不允许孩子单独出去。）父母不允许孩子单独出去。we find her hard to get along with.Parents dont allow their children to go out alone.并列句并列句 用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构 成的句子，叫并列句。结构为“简单句并列连词简
4、单句”。各简单句为并列关系。并列句并列句 1)I got up late,so I missed the train.2)Some students are occupied with their study while others kill time.3)Keep it up and you will achieve your goal sooner or later.4)Leave the dog alone or it will bite you.5)I like you,but it doesnt mean you can do this to me.（因果关系）（对比关系）（并列关
5、系）（并列关系）（转折关系）句子成分 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语 如果主语，宾语，表语，同位语是句子，它们统称为 分别是 如果定语，状语也是句子，它们分别是名词性从句主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句定语从句和状语从句从属复合句从属复合句 （三大从句）三大从句）名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同 位语从句）定语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句句子充当名词功能做主语，宾语，表语，同位语时，统称为名词性从句。句子分为三类：1.陈述句 2.一般疑问句（回答Yes or No）
6、3.特殊疑问句（疑问词为what,which,who,when,where,how,why）句子类别句子类别引导词，从句中的意义引导词，从句中的意义 陈述句陈述句that(that(宾语从句中可省宾语从句中可省,但第二个宾但第二个宾从不可省从不可省,主语从句、表语从句、同主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句不可省），位语从句不可省），无意义无意义一般疑问一般疑问句句whether(whether(没有没有or not or not 的宾语从句也的宾语从句也可由可由ifif引导），引导），是否是否。特殊疑问特殊疑问句句连接代词连接代词what,which,who/whom;whatever,whwha
7、t,which,who/whom;whatever,whichever,whoever/whomever(ichever,whoever/whomever(无论无论-);-);连接副词连接副词when,where,how,whywhen,where,how,why。疑问代词本疑问代词本身意义身意义。指出下面句子属于哪类名词性从句指出下面句子属于哪类名词性从句 1）I wonder if/whether my lost jacket has been found.（）2）Knowing(that)you have spent much time learning English but that
8、 it is still bad,I would like to offer some help.（）3）Why she didnt tell you herself is what I cant explain.（）4）The trouble was that she had lost her passport.（）5）There is no doubt that hard work is the key to success.（）6）Its generally acknowledged that people tend to lose their temper under great pr
9、essure.()宾从宾从主从，表从表语从句同位语从句主从用名词性从句完成下列句子用名词性从句完成下列句子7）_（break无论谁违法）deserves punishment.8）They _(take 想当然的认为）parents should give_(他们想要的一切）.9)My question is _(那天你们会住哪）.They tried to figure out _(take将花他们多久）to finish it.Whover breaks the law take it for granted thatwhatever they wantwhere you will liv
10、e that dayhow long it would take them11)At the meeting a suggestion came up _(各种各样的活动要举行）at school.12)It struck me _(我把钥匙掉在会议室了）。13)Finally they reached _(看起来像大市场的地方）。14)_（重要的）is _(benefit你可以收益很多）from it.that a variety of activities should be heldthat I had left my key in the meeting roomwhat looked
11、 like a big marketWhat is important that you can benefit a lot注意：注意：1.一个句子作名词只有一个引导词。2.问句做名词时，疑问词后句子用正常语序。3.动词为过去时时，宾语从句的时态也应与过去时有关。（谚语，科学现象应用一般现在时）4.在建议，命令，要求后的从句中，应用(should)do4.that 和 what that 引导的句子结构完整，不缺任何成分；what引导的句子缺主语、宾语或表语，what就在这个句子中作主语、宾语或表语。He made it clear that he wouldnt attend the mee
12、ting.It is thought that his disease is linked to the polluted river.We are living in what is called the Imformation Age They achieved what they had dreamed of.不做成分作主语；作宾语 定语从句简单句 The girl is in the store.扩句为 The girl who helped me is in the store where you bought the books.1.定语从句who helped me，where
13、you bought the books分别修饰the girl,the store 从属于主句the girl is in the store.2.定语从句的三部分：the girl(先行词）who(关系词)helped me（句子）3.关系词的功能：a.指代先行词 b.连接先行词和句子 c.在从句中充当成分（主，宾，状，从句不能再出现主，宾，状）关系词关系词指代指代充当成分充当成分关系关系代词代词that人或物人或物主、宾、表主、宾、表which物物主、宾主、宾who人人主、宾主、宾whom人人宾宾whose人或物人或物定语定语关系关系副词副词where地点地点状语状语when时间时间wh
14、y原因原因指出主句和定语从句1.The man that/who/whom we often meet is holding a computer that/which he bought in the store.2.The boy that/who lives next door will never forget the day when his grandpa passed away.3.The desk whose legs are broken needs repairing.用正确的关系词填空4.The smell of the sea calls up the days _ w
15、e spent at the seaside.The smell of the sea calls up the days _ we stayed at the seaside.5.The museum _he works is well worth visiting.The museum _tells the history of Hubei province is well worth visiting.6.He didnt explain the reason _ he was absent from the meeting.People tend to accept the reaso
16、ns _ sounds reasonable.that/whichwhenwherethat/whichwhythat/which关系代词和关系副词的选择若先行词在从句中若先行词在从句中作状语作状语，则选择相应的，则选择相应的关系副词关系副词 。若先行词在从句中若先行词在从句中作主语作主语,宾语或表语宾语或表语,则选择相应则选择相应的的关系代词关系代词 。7.Mary,_ is ready to help others,ia popular with us.8.The car _ owner is a musician is in good condition.9.Ive come to th
17、e point _ I cant stand him.如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰situation，case，point，position等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了到了某种境况中某种境况中，在某种地步在某种地步”。10.The earth is round,_ is known to all.11.This is the camera _ I paid 6 yuan.12.Water,_ is a clear liquid,has many uses.whowhosewherewhich/asfor whichwhi
18、ch 注意指物时，除下列两种情况只用which，其余都可用that.非限定性定语从句.在介词加关系代词中as as 与与whichwhich引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容都能指代整句内容，但位置不同，但位置不同，asas引导的从句可位于引导的从句可位于主句前面或后面主句前面或后面，whichwhich引导的非限定从只能放在引导的非限定从只能放在主句之后主句之后。asas译为译为“正如正如”，whichwhich译为译为“这这”。The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is rou
19、nd.which/as As 状语从句 比较下列三组句子1.In the past 40 years great changes have taken place.Since China carried out the Reform and Opening Policy in1978,great changes have taken place.2.Plants grow well there.Plants grow well where there is enough sunshine.3.Many students stay up to make full preparations for
20、 the College Entrance Examination.Many students stay up so that they can make full preparations for the College Entrance Examination.状语从句结构从属连词引导句子 主句状语从句（从属于主句）主干或 主句 从属连词引导句子 主干 状语从句 高考链接高考链接例：（2018全国卷1）Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this
21、 important point.37 ，they can get a little complex.A.While all of them are useful B.Whatever youre looking for C.If youre experimenting with a color D.Small color choices arc the ones were most familiar with E.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F.So it pays to be sure,beca
22、use you want to get it right the first time G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 通过状语从句的结构锁定那几个选项？A,B,C状语从句类别 从属连词时间状语从句常用：when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,till/until,not-until-特殊：the minute/second/moment/instant,the first/the last/every/each t
23、ime,immediately/directly/instantly,no sooner-than-,hardly-when-地点状语从句常用：where 特殊：wherever,anywhere,everywhere原因状语从句常用：because，sincenow that,as,for 特殊：in that because,considering that,given that目的状语从句常用：so that,in order that,特殊：for fear that(唯恐、生怕）结果状语从句常用：so-that,such-that 特殊：to the degree/extent th
24、at条件状语从句常用：if，unless，as long as（只要）,only if特殊：providing/provided that(倘若），supposing that(倘若）in case(以防，万一），on condition that(条件是）让步状语从句常用：though，although,even if/even though 特殊：as(虽然，倒装句），while（虽然），no matter what/who/which/when/where/how whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however方式状语从句常用：a
25、s（像，按照），as if(似乎）the way比较状语从句常用：as-as-,more-than-高考考查方向：1.阅读中的长难句会分清主从关系 2.从属连词的意义 3.主从句中的正确的时态 4.在作文会用一些状语从句来提高作文的档次Practice1.He often _midnight.(他经常工作到半 夜。）He _midnight.（他直到半夜才开始 工作。）2.It _long before he_.(用不了多久他会实现梦想。）It _ long before he _.(过了很久他才实现了梦想。）She rang off _to her.(我还没来得及向她解释）_(不知不觉地）,
26、we have spent three years in the Senior middle school.works untildoesnt work untilwont beachieves his dreamwasachieved his dreamI could explain to herBefore I know it3.我刚刚做完演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(hardly)I _my speech _ the students _cheering.Hardly _ my speech _.4.Take an umbrella in case _.(下雨）As long as _,she _.(只她不泄气，她会成功）The moment the baby caught sight of its mother,it _(放声大哭）.had hardly finishedwhenstartedhad I finishedwhen the students started cheeringit rainsshe doesnt lose heartwill succeedburst out cryingHomework 三大从句高考连接
