1、宁波大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码： 661总分值： 150科目名称：基础英语Part I Vocabulary (30 points)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Please write the
2、 corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1.Kate Chopin exposed the conventions of her time that kept women in a state of near constant _.A) restorationB) revolutionC) repressionD) revelation2.The pyramids are an eloquent _ to the ancient Egyptians engineering skills.A) evidenceB) testimonyC) attri
3、buteD) symbol3.Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the _ of the first weeks rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.A) sameB) similarityC) equalD) equivalent4.This is a Babylonian and Assyrian epic in which a hero embarks on an _ search for immortality.A) exhaustingB) exhau
4、stiveC) exhaustibleD) exhausted5The companys business has _ because of good management and a suitable marketing policy.A) highlightedB) increasedC) prevailedD) thrived6.U.S. firms could be at a disadvantage in competing for _ to Russian markets.A) processB) accessC) excess D) success 7.During the su
5、mmer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.A) empty B) blank C) vacantD) deserted8.Those _ lakeside settings with their ever-changing vistas make the lakes and their stunning rural beauty a place to visit time after time.A) idyllicB) latentC) gushingD) unsettling9.Theres always i
6、ntense media coverage of air crashes and that can really play into peoples fears and _ their perceptions of how safe it is to fly.A) preoccupyB) misconceive C) initiateD) skew10.In summer, huge areas of the French countryside are regularly _ by forest fires.A) wreckedB) removedC) impairedD) devastat
7、ed11.Participants in this sailboat race spent most of it in_: one sailor, one boat, and a vast ocean.A) separation B) solitudeC) privacyD) remoteness 12.Finally, she wrote to the board chairman, _ for intervention in the situation.A) imposingB) imploringC) strivingD) alienating13.To_ his death, nati
8、onal flags all over the country were hoisted at half-mast.A) regretB) lament C) depressD) gratify14.The British have always taken a quiet sometimes practically unwitting pleasure in _foreigners. A) perplexingB) perceivingC) startlingD) persevering15.A storm watch is in effect for parts of the Southe
9、ast, with snow and ice expected to _ from the southern Appalachian Mountains. A) weigh downB) play outC) sweep downD) wipe out 16.Doctors are often caught in a _ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not. A) puzzleB) paradoxC) prevaricationD) dilemma 17.The
10、 President has accused two cabinet ministers of working secretly to _ his position.A) falterB) undermineC) collideD) ridicule18.An unknown terrorist group has _ responsibility for this mornings bomb attack.A) complementedB) pleadedC) claimedD) rationed19.Corporations and labor unions have _ great be
11、nefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.A) provokedB) conveyedC) provided D) conferred20.Nothing Helen says is ever _. She always thinks carefully before she speaks.A) advantageous B) anonymousC) spontaneous D) mysterious21.I got a tremendous feeling of _ from winn
12、ing that argument with Robin.A) sympathyB) improvementC) belief D) triumph22.He was banned for six months for driving without _ care and attention.A) enoughB) dueC) expectedD) suitable23.He must give us more time, _we shall not be able to make a good job of it.A) otherwise B) thereforeC) doubtlessly
13、D) consequently24.You should _ the wheels of your bicycles once a month.A) lubricate B) contributeC) manipulateD) innovate25.It is generally known that New York is a city for _ and a center for odd bits of information.A) pedestriansB) practitionersC) eccentricsD) victims26.The law draws a _ between
14、temporary and permanent employees.A) proportionB) distinctionC) differenceD) correlation27.Unfortunately I must have moved the camera, because the picture is rather _.A) bewilderedB) confusedC) blurredD) disorientated 28.The _ physicist has been challenged by others in his field. A) respectfulB) res
15、pectiveC) respectableD) respecting29.He criticized the school for trying to _ individual expression.A) dismissB) subdueC) accentuateD) resist30.There are many who believe that the use of force _ political ends can never be justified.A) in view ofB) in search ofC) in light ofD) in pursuit ofPart II C
16、loze (20 points)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. You are required to fill ONE word in each of them that best completes the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically, syntactically and textually. The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that
17、 you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational _31_, I expect you to hit _32_ back. If you agree with
18、me, I dont expect you _33_ to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add something a reason for _34_, another example, or a remark to carry the idea further. But I dont expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely _35_ with me. _36_ you agree
19、or disagree, your response will return the ball to me.And then it is my _37_ again. I dont serve a new ball from my original starting line. I hit your ball back again from where it has _38_. I carry your idea further, or answer your questions or objections, or challenge or question you. And so the b
20、all goes back and _39_.If there are more than two people in the _40_, then it is like doubles in tennis, or like volleyball. Theres no waiting in line. Whoever is nearest and quickest hits the ball, and if you step back, someone _41_ will hit it. No one stops the game to give you a turn. Youre respo
21、nsible for _42_ your own turn and no one person has the ball for very long. A Japanese-style conversation, _43_, is not at all like _44_ or volleyball, its like bowling. You wait for your turn, and you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a c
22、lose _45_ or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or _46_ position, and so on. The first thing is to wait for your turn, patiently and politely. When your moment comes, you step up to the _47_ line with your bowling ball, and carefully bowl it. Everyone waits until your ball has
23、reached the end of the _48_, and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or _49_ of them. Then there is a pause, while everyone _50_ your score. Then, after everyone is sure that you are done, the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different b
24、all. Part III Error Detection and Correction (20 points)Directions: The passage contains TWENTY errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word underline the wr
25、ong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word mark the position of the missing word with a “/” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross the unnecessary word with a
26、 slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Please write your answers on the answer Sheet.The dissemination of English linked to the expansion and domination of the British Empire is only part of the story of the languages progression 51.cross the globe. Today English is
27、 the primary language in some sixty52.countries and continues to spread, especial as a second language. A useful53.model to document the expansion of English today, developing by an 54.Indian-American linguist, Braj B. Kachru, employ three concentric circles55.to reflect upon the different ways in w
28、hich English continues to gain new 56.speakers.The Inner Circle presents the English languages traditional heartland,57.the USA, Canada, the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, where it is spoken as a native tongue by some 350 million people. The Out Circle comprises58.non-native countries where English
29、 has an important status as an officialsecond language, including postcolony countries such as Singapore,59.Kenya, and India. The third concentric circle termed the Expanding60.Circle: this encompasses all other countries that English is recognized as61.an international language, been used in busine
30、ss and trade, but where it62.has no special status, nor a historical link in England through 63.colonization, such as China and Japan.We could view these colonial English as offspring of the parent language, 64.using a family-tree model similar that developed by philologists65.reconstruct the relati
31、onships between older forms of language families. 66.A limitation of a model is that it assumes straight descent, making no67.allowance for influence between these varieties, such as the major role played by Scots and Ireland speakers in the development of US, New 68.Zealand, and Australian varietie
32、s. Other limitation of such a model is that69.it places the UK at root of the tree. This may be historically accurate, 70.but the centrality of British English is much less clear today.Part IV Paraphrase (20 points)Directions: The following sentences are taken from Advanced English (高级英语)edited by Z
33、hang Hanxi （张汉熙）and Wang Lili （王礼立）.Explain the underlined part in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings.71. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to
34、 remain the master of its own house.72. Mark Twain participated abundantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds, piracies, lynchings, medicine shows, and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that
35、seemed phonographic.73. Mr. Churchill replied, “Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.”74. I was just passing the coppersmiths boo
36、ths when somebody noticed that I was lighting a cigarette. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.75. Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered. What they had w
37、anted was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain, and less susceptible to standardization.Part V Reading Comprehension (30 points)Questions 76-90 are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry Perkin: The Man Who Invented Synthetic DyesWilliam Henry Perkin was
38、born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkins curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfathers home that solidified the young mans enthusiasm for
39、chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Inst
40、itution. Those speeches fired the young chemists enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkins enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August
41、Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkins scientific gifts soon caught Hofmanns attention and, within two years, he became Hofmanns youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment fo
42、r malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his st
43、ar pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his familys house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, howeve
44、r, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkins scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he final
45、ly produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteurs words chance favors only the prepared mind, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these,
46、 such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple color extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkins discovery was made. Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to color fabric, thus making it the worlds first synthetic dye. Realizing the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no
