1、第1页 共 12 页三 峡 大 学2014年研究生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码： 791 科目名称：综合英语 考试时间：3小时 卷面总分：150分 （答案必须写在答题纸上）. Choose the right one from A. B. C. D for each blank:(20分)请按顺序把答案写在答题纸上。标明题号!1. _ mean “getting worse”. The root is grave, in the sense of “serious”.A. Accurate B. Adolescent C. Aggravating D. Affirmative2. Chin
2、as Shenzhou 10 briefly fired its rockets to _ its orbit early Friday as the spacecraft began its third day of a mission.A. achieve B. adjust C. adopt D. admit3. “We _ the mercy of God, not that He may leave us at peace in our vice, but that He may deliver us from them.” A. illuminate B. illustrate C
3、. imply D. implore4. Grants _ housing opportunities, ten non-profit receive more than $250,000 for low-income housing.A. allow into B. allow of C. allow for D. allow to5. Drug induced _ of great bodily harm.A. indigestion B. inflation C. influence D. infliction6. The ceiling is the most important pl
4、ace to _ because of up to 45 percent of the heat loss from there.A. inspect B. inspire C. install D. insulate7. When we pursue a thing for love, we are free to _ and make mistakings.A. fluttering B. fumble C. frustrate D. fuse8. Mary has _ her blue dress she bought last year.A. grown up B grown out
5、of C. grown into D. grown away from9. I will create a coherent plan to strengthen communities and local economies, and allow home-town business to _.A. thrive B. thumb C. thrust D. thrill10. There was no _ intended in what she said.A. malice B. malady C. malaria D. marsh第2页共12 页11. My boss promised
6、me the but only paid the minimum wage.A. benefit B. check C. moon D. sum 12. The manager is very to deal with. You really have to walk on .A. toes B. air C. heels D. eggs13. Eight people are in connection with the illegal online release of the final Star Wars film.A. blamed B. charged C. condemned D
7、. accused14. His kept him from stealing even in his hardest time.A. conscience B. conscious C. conscientious D. consciousness15. Those books are helping to prepare men and women for a career as a flight .A. attendant B. attendance C. attending D. attendees16. World _ 10 years by Bushs New World Orde
8、r, Says Blair Aide.A. set back B. stand back C. take back D. turn back17. The policemen _ that the speeding car had crashed into the truck.A. certified B. testified C. proved D. confirmed18. A lot of students are suffering from the _ of being near-sighted.A. drawback B. handicap C. blunder D. limita
9、tion19. The party didnt _ until midnight.A. break down B. break out C. break through D. break up20. The only thing _ is wrong with this _ a friend of mine said to me the other day.A. which, what B. what, that C. that, what D. that , which. Choose the right word from the list given below for each bla
10、nk:( 10分) 请按顺序把答案写在答题纸上。标明题号!speak respective extended units proceed exchange ways transition sense resulting taken heart It is widely supposed that the primary analytic focus of Conversation Analysis (hereafter CA) is turntaking the(1) _in which taking turns is organised in conversation; the ways t
11、hat speakers allocate next turns; how others know when it is their turn to speech; the orderly (2) _ from one turn to the next; how turns at talk are (4) _ through incremental continuations; how turns collide, (3) _in overlapping talk between participants; how turns are constructed through (5) _, en
12、abling next speakers to begin their turn at the right moment. All these and more are aspects of how turns are (6) _, constructed and transferred in conversation, in such a way that turn-taking is managed in an orderly fashion, and in such a way as to enable the business of talk-in-interaction to(7)
13、_ . The practices and mechanisms 第3页共 12 页for managing turn-taking and turn transitions are at the (8) _of how the work of interaction gets done. And so it is perhaps unsurprising that CA should be regarded as being about turn-taking. Indeed, turn-taking must in some(9) _ be constitutive of interact
14、ion，since inter-action requires something happening between participants; one says something and the other responds，and each does so in their (10) _turns at talk; they must in some fashion take and exchange turns at talk. Turn-taking is thus fundamental to and constitutive of interaction. Read the f
15、ollowing texts carefully and then make a correct choice to answer the questions after each text:(40分)请按顺序把答案写在答题纸上。标明题号!TEXT AIt is generally well known that in number of particularly dangerous parts of the world, for example the Middle East and the Indian/Pakistan border region, there are countries
16、 which either possess, or have the technology to produce, nuclear weapons. It is also worth remembering, however, that the United States is the only power ever to have used nuclear weapons against people. Nuclear weapons were first developed in the United States during the Second World War, to be us
17、ed against Germany. However, by the time the first bombs were ready for use, the war with Germany had ended and, as a result, the decision was made to use the weapons against Japan instead. Hiroshima and Nagasaki have suffered the consequences of this decision to the present day. The real reason why
18、 bombs were dropped on two heavily populated cities are not altogether clear. A number of people in 1994 and early 1945 argued that the use of nuclear weapons would be unnecessary, since American Intelligence was aware that some of the most powerful and influential people in Japan had already realiz
19、ed that the war was lost, and wanted to negotiate a Japanese surrender. It was also argued that, since Japan has few natural resources, a blockade by the American navy would force it to surrender within a few weeks, and the use of nuclear weapons would thus prove unnecessary. If a demonstration of f
20、orce was required to end the war, a bomb could be dropped over an unpopulated area like a desert, in front of Japanese observers, or over an area of low population inside Japan, such as a forest. Opting for this course of action might minimize the loss of further lives on all sides, while the power
21、of nuclear weapons would still be adequately demonstrated.All of these arguments were rejected, however, and the general consensus was that the quickest way to end the fighting would be to use nuclear weapons against centers of population inside Japan. In fact, two of the more likely reasons why thi
22、s decision 第4页共12 页was reached seem quite shocking to us now. Since the beginning of the Second World War both Germany and Japan had adopted a policy of genocide (i.e. killing as many people as possible, including civilians). Later on, even the U.S. and Britain had used the strategy of fire bombing
23、cities (Dresden and Tokyo, for example) in order to kill, injure and intimidate as many civilians as possible. Certainly, the general public in the West had become used to hearing about the deaths of large numbers of people, so the deaths of another few thousand Japanese, who were the enemy in any c
24、ase, would not seem particularly unacceptable-a bit of “justifiable” revenge for the Allies own losses, perhaps. The second reason is not much easier to comprehend. Some of the leading in the world had collaborated to develop nuclear weapons, and this development had resulted in a number of major ad
25、vances in technology and scientific knowledge. As a result, a lot of normal, intelligent people wanted to see nuclear weapons used; they wanted to see just how destructive this new invention could be. It no doubt turned out to be even more “effective” than they had imagined.Questions 1-51. In Paragr
26、aph 1, the writer is suggesting that _ is more likely to use nuclear weapons again. A. the U.S. B. the India/Pakistan Border region C. Middle East D. both B and C2. According to the author, a “blockade” would have been successful because_. A. the Americans could defeat Japans navy since it was short
27、 of resources B. an attack would probably destroy Japanese resources within a few weeks C. America would be resourceful enough to beat a blockade D. most of Japans natural resources depended on import3. The author refers to “normal, intelligent” people in Paragraph 6 because_. A. the author wants to
28、 emphasize the fact that they were among the cleverest scientists B. the author feels the decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan was correct C. the author believes this makes the decision to use nuclear weapons seem more shocking D. the author wants to show how many people wanted to observe t
29、he bombs being dropped4. Which one of the following statements is true? A. People in the west had got used to hearing the sounds of people dying. B. It would probably not be wise to inform people in the West of the deaths. 第5页共12 页 C. Scientists thought only a few thousand people would die if the bo
30、mbs were used. D. People in the West would accept that some people had to die to end the war.5. In the last sentence of Paragraph 6, the writer implies that _. A. he/she agrees with the decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan B. he/she thinks the decision to drop nuclear bombs on Japanese citi
31、es was wrong C. nuclear weapons worked much better than the scientists probably expected D. the weapons proved to be effective because Japan surrendered soon afterTEXT B Divorce is one of those creations, like fast food and little rock, that have more people willing to indulge in it than people will
32、ing to defend it. Back in th1960s, easier divorce was hailed as a needed remedy for toxic relationships. But familiarity has bred contempt. In recent years, the divorce revolution has been blamed for worsening all sorts of problems without bringing happiness to people in unhappy marriages. Theres a
33、lot of evidence that martial breakup does more social harm than good. In their 2000 book, “The Case for Marriage”, Linda Waite and Maggie Gallagher document that adults who are married do better than singles in wealth, health and personal satisfaction. Children living with a divorced or unwed single
34、 parent are more likely to fall into poverty, sickness and crime than other kids. Marriage is a good thing, most people agree, while divorce is, at least, a necessary evil. So the laws that accompanied the divorce revolution have come under fire for destroying families and weakening safeguards for s
35、pouses who keep their vows. Waite and Gallagher argue that loose divorce laws harm even intact households by fostering chronic uncertainty. Louisiana, in line with this criticism, has gone so far as to provide a “covenant marriage” option for couples who want the protection of stricter divorce rules
36、. It may seem obvious that easier divorce laws make for more divorces and more insecurity. But what is obvious is not necessarily true. What two scholars have found is that when you make divorce easier to get, you may actually produce better marriages.In the old days, anyone who wanted to escape fro
37、m the trials of wedlock had to get his or her spouse to agree to a split, or else go to court to prove the partner had done something terribly wrong (such as committing adultery). The 60s and 70s brought “no-fault” divorce, which is also known as “unilateral divorce”, since either party can bring it
38、 about without the consent of the other. 第6页共 12 页 The first surprise is that looser divorces laws have actually had little effect on the number of marriages that fall apart. Economic Research, found that when California passed a no-fault divorce law in 1970, the divorce rate jumped, then fell back
39、to its old level-and then fell some more. That was also the pattern in other states that loosened their laws. Over time, he estimates the chance that a first marriage would break up rose by just one-fourth of 1 percentage point, which is next to nothing. In short, nothing bad happened. But in anothe
40、r NBER paper, Wolfers and fellow economist Betsey Stevenson, who will soon be associated with the University of Pennsylvania, report that in states that relaxed their divorce laws, some very good things happened: Fewer women committed suicide, and fewer were murdered by husbands or other “intimate”
41、parents. In addition, both men and women suffered less domestic violence, compared to states that didnt change their laws. Were not talking about tiny improvements here. Wolfers and Stevenson say that in no-fault dates, there was a 10 percent drop in a womans chance of being killed by her spouse or
42、boyfriend. The rate of female suicide in new no-fault states fell by about 20 percent. The effect was more dramatic still for domestic violence which “declined by somewhere between a quarter and a half between 1976 and 1985 in those states that reformed their divorce laws”, according to Stevenson an
43、d Wolfers. What could account for these surprising benefits? Something simple: A change in divorce laws alters the balance of power in a marriage, giving more leverage to the weaker or more vulnerable spouse. If either partner can demand a divorce, each has a great incentive to keep the other conten
44、t. If an abused spouse has an open exit, some abusers- and potential abusers- will find it possible to behave themselves. By assuring both people in a marriage that they can get out if things go badly, the looser laws can foster the sort of behavior needed to make sure things go well. Just as a driv
45、er in a small car will drive more cautiously than someone in an oversized sport-utility vehicle, couples faced with loose divorce laws may handle their family obligations with greater care. No-fault divorce once looked like a remedy for bad marriages, in the same way that amputation is a remedy for
46、a gangrenous limb. The good news is that it may prevent the disease in the first place.Questions 6-106. The “divorce revolution” (Para.1) refers to _. A. defending divorce B. practicing divorce C. facilitating divorce D. indulging in divorce7. According to Waite and Gallaghers book, divorce is responsible for its harmful effects on all the following EXCEPT_. A. social recognition B. physical health第7页共12 页C. financial success D. ch
