1、非谓语动词非谓语动词概念概念01形式与含义形式与含义02时态与语态时态与语态03解题步骤解题步骤04功能与作用功能与作用05用法区别用法区别06非谓语动词？A beautiful girl _(stand)by the window.主语主语谓语谓语standsA beautiful girl _(stand)by the window and she looks very sad.主语主语谓语谓语谓语谓语standsThe beautiful girl _(stand)by the window looks very sad.主语主语谓语非谓语非谓语standing一个句子中已经有谓语动词，
2、且在没有连词的情况下，另一个动词就作非谓语对比下面两个句子My English teacher entered the classroom and she held a book on her hand.My English teacher entered the classroom holding a book on her hand.概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用了。非谓语动词有三种形式：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing 形式:doing 3、动词的过去分词：done非谓语动词非谓语动词1.不能单独作谓语，但拥有动词某些特征（如接
3、宾语）2.没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化3.相当于名词、形容词、副词4.能做句子其他成分5.可以拥有自己的宾语和状语形式与含义（基本用法）不定式不定式：表示目的和：表示目的和将来将来动词动词的的ing形式形式：表示主动和表示主动和进行进行过去过去分词：表示被动和分词：表示被动和完成完成非谓语动词的时态和语态一般一般式式完成完成式式进行式进行式不定式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneing 形式形式主动doinghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去过去
4、分词分词被动doneee熟悉原本的时态、语态的表达形式非谓语动词的否定形式非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加 not,never not/never to do,not/never doing非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用之前常用 done;之后常用之后常用to do;同时常用同时常用doing.动作是
5、由行为者发出的，所有动词都会由一个行为者去支配它，这种支配非谓语动词的行为者在语法里就叫做逻辑主语。找逻辑主语的三个常见方法：1.非谓语动词作状语状语，逻辑主语一般是句子的主语 2.非谓语动词作定语定语，逻辑主语是被修饰词 3.非谓语动词作宾补宾补，逻辑主语是宾补前的宾语功能与作用主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语to dodoingdone过过去分去分词词过去分词过去分词过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中一般可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。过去分词作定语1.位置位置单个过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前 The ground was
6、covered with fallen leaves.People shouldnt be exposed to polluted water.过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.=I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain from the library.过去分词作定语2.2.过去过去分词作定语时的分词作定语时的意义意义不及物动词：只表示完成，不表示被动不及物动词：只表示完成，不
7、表示被动 a a retiredretired teacher teacher fallenfallen leaves leaves the the risenrisen sun sun及物动词：表示被动和完成及物动词：表示被动和完成 an an honoredhonored guest guest the the brokenbroken glass glass the question the question discusseddiscussed yesterday yesterday过去分词作宾补语1.用在表示某种的动词keep,leave等的后面 They kept the door
8、 locked for a long time.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.2.have/get+宾语+过去分词，表示使某事被做（让别人做或主语自己做），或表示遭遇某种不幸 I have had my bike repaired.Mary had her watch stolen the other day.3.make+宾语+宾补,过去分词表示结果 I raised my voice to make myself heard.过去分词作宾补语4.用在感官动词watch,see,hear,notice,feel等后面
9、作宾补，用在find后面作宾补 When we got to school,we saw the gate locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy raindrops.5.want,wish,like,expect,order+宾语+宾补，I want the car fixed.6.with+宾语+宾补,宾语与宾补之间是被动关系 The thief was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.过去分词（短语）作状语过去过去分词（短语）作状语时分词（短语）作状语时,表示动作发
10、生的背景或情况。其逻辑表示动作发生的背景或情况。其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去主语就是句子的主语。过去分词作状语可表分词作状语可表时间、原因、条件时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（或方式）、结果、伴随（或方式）、让步让步等情况。等情况。1.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 Looked at from a distance,the painting seems much more beautiful =When it is looked at from a distance,the painting seems much more beautiful When water is heated,wa
11、ter turns into steam.2.表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句 Worried about the speech competition,I was unsettled these days =Because I was worried about the speech competition,I was unsettled these days.Because he was exhausted,he fell fast asleep.3.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句 Given a few minutes,Ill finish the task =If I am give
12、n a few minutes,Ill finish the task.If I am given a time machine,I will pay a visit to the future.4.表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句 Invited by him,I wont take part in the party =Though I was invited by him,I wont take part in the party Although he was laughed at by others,he still smiles at life.5.表示结果 The cup fel
13、l down to the ground,broken.=and as a result the cup broke.6.表示方式或伴随 The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse=The patient got off the bed,and he was supported by the nurse.The girl left,and she was followed by a little dog.1.She was moved by the moving speech.2.She seems surprised at the n
14、ews.3.They looked frightened to hear the frightening sound.4.The door is closed.过去分词可置于过去分词可置于 后作后作 语，用来表示主语的性质、语，用来表示主语的性质、特征或特征或 。其前的系动词包括。其前的系动词包括be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等多种形式。等多种形式。系动词系动词表表状态状态过去分词作表语过去分词作表语动词动词-ing-ing形式形式V-ing形式作主语表示长期行为或者无时间性表示长期行为或者无时间性 Playing basketball is very
15、interesting.His coming gave us great encouragement.用it作形式主语：It is no use/good doing sth.It is a waste of time doing sth.It is great fun doing sth.V-ing形式作宾语可以作动词和介词的宾语：Do you mind closing the door?He enjoys playing basketball.I look forward to receiving your letter soon.*注意积累常见的用V-ing形式作宾语的动词。V-ing
16、形式作定语1.动名词动名词（短语）作定语 表示被修饰词的性质、作用或用途，作“供用”，相当于介词for短语，常置于被修饰词之前。a swimming pool=a pool for swimming a reading room=a room for reading a walking stick=a stick for walkingV-ing 形式作定语2.现在分词现在分词（短语）作定语 单个分词作定语，常放在被修饰词之前，作前置定语；分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后，作后置定语。表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之前是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。He asked an em
17、barrassing question.A little child learning to walk often falls.a sleep boy=a boy who is sleepingV-ing 作表语1.动名词动名词（短语）作表语 表示抽象的一般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常同一概念，表语和主语常可互换。One of his weakness is telling lies.=Telling lies is one of his weakness.2.现在现在分词分词（短语）作表语 表示主语的某种性质和特征。The report is very disturbing.V-i
18、ng 形式作定语2.现在分词现在分词（短语）作定语 单个分词作定语，常放在被修饰词之前，作前置定语；分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后，作后置定语。表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之前是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。He asked an embarrassing question.A little child learning to walk often falls.a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleepingV-ing形式作宾补与宾语之间是主动关系。主要用于以下两类动词后作宾补:1.位于感官动词感官动词（词组）后，如see,feel,smell,wa
19、tch,catch,find,listen to,look at,notice,observe等。I saw a girl crying in the street.2.位于使役动词使役动词后，如keep,have,get,leave等。We shouldnt keep our lights burning in the day.u也可用于with复合复合结构结构中 She fell asleep with the lamp burning.V-ing 形式作状语V-ing作状语的形式：作状语的形式：一般一般式式(doing)：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式完成式(having don
20、e)：表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前Representing the Student Association,I went to the airport to meet the international students.Having finished his summary,he went out for a walk.Having struggled for years,he finally won the champion.Having been shown around the lab,we were led into a hall.主动式被动式V-ing 形式作状语V-ing作状
21、语时作状语时,可表时间、原因、条件、可表时间、原因、条件、方式方式或或伴随伴随、让步、结果等让步、结果等情况。情况。Walking down the street,I came across Tom.=When I was walking down the street,I came across Tom.Having worked for two days,Tony managed to finish his report.=After he had worked for two days,Tony managed to finish his report.Not knowing his a
22、ddress,I had better call him to come over.Working hard,you will pass the exam.Mother drew the curtain for me,blocking out the light.V-ing形式作评注性状语有些现在分词（短语）用于句首，没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语评论性状语或评注性状语。generally/frankly speaking 一般来说/坦率的说judging from/by 根据判断considering 考
23、虑到Considering the budget,we have decided to give up the travel plan.动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次行为 To see is to believe.To live is to learn.用it作形式主语：It is+adj.+for/of sb to do sth.It is+n.+to do sth.It takes sb to do sth.动词不定式作宾语They agree to help us.I decided to be a doctor*注意常见的用to do作宾语的动词的积累want,
24、agree,decide,refuse,offer,happen,promise,pretend,expect,afford,it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式：think/make/find/feel/believe it+adj./n.+to do sth I think it a great honor to be a soldier.I find it hard to study English well.动词不定式作定语作后置定语修饰前面的名词或代词。He said he had an important meeting to attend.动词不定式作定语常有以下几种情况：1.不定
25、式和它所修饰的词之间是动宾关系。Have you got anything to do this evening?The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。动词不定式作定语2.被修饰的词被序数词或the only等修饰时 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.He is the only person to know the truth.3.不定式说明它所修饰的名词或代词的内容，与被修饰词具有同位关系。常见的名词有：ch
26、ance,plan,effort,right,ability,way等。Dont give up the chance to stand up.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结果和条件等。表示原因、结果时，不可置于句首。1.目的状语 She give him some money to let him leave at once.*in order to do,so as to do2.原因状语 动词不定式常置于一些形容词或过去分词后来说明产生某种情绪的原因。这类词常见的有：happy,glad,surprised,sorry,delighted,proud等。I am
27、glad to meet you at the meeting.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结果和条件等。表示原因、结果时，不可置于句首。3.结果状语 soas to do,such as to do,enough to do sth,tooto do sth We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.4.条件状语 To turn to the left,you can find a post office.不定式作表语放于系动词后作表语，表示具体内容或目的 The main thing is to sta
28、y calm.Our duty is to help those poor families.不定式作补语1.感官动词+宾语+宾补(省略to)see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to I saw him enter the shop yesterday.2.使役动词let,make,have等（省略to）You made him cry.3.其他常见用不定式作宾补的动词：ask,want,encourage,force,tell,teach,warn,expect,特殊疑问词+to do除why以外的特殊疑问词可以直接与不定式连用，整个结构可以作句子的主语
29、、表语、宾语。Where to go is nothing important.I dont know what to do next.The key to the problem is how to use smartphones.主语宾语表语用法区别三种形式作定语的区别The stadium _(build)last year is the biggest one in our city.The stadium _(build)now will be the biggest one in our city.The stadium _(build)next year will be the
30、biggest one in our city.builtbeing builtto be built被动，完成被动，进行被动，将来V-ing和to do作表语的区别V-ing作表语表示抽象的一般性动作；不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事情。His hobby is painting.(一般性的动作)Today what he want to do is to paint.(具体的动作）His wish is to build up his won studio.(将要发生的事)不及物动词的过去分词表示完成，及物动词的过去分词既可以表示被动又可以表示完成。fallen leavesdeveloped countriesboiled waterV-ing形式和-ed形式：interesting/interested,amazing/amazed,frightening/frightened修饰voice,look,expression用-ed形式，表示人本身的情绪完成falling leavesdeveloping countriesboiling water
