1、KevinMay.2022 与逻辑主语的关系与谓语动词的关系主 动被 动与谓语动词同时或之后发生与谓语动词同时发生且正在进行-先于谓语动词发生1.Tom determined (go)abroad for further study.2.Generally speaking,no one likes (make)fun of.3.He pretended (read)when the teacher came in.4.Im sorry (cause)you so much trouble last time.5.The car seems (wash)already.总结:1.动词不定式作主
2、语，谓语动词用单数形式。2.不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语.To see is to believe.To say is easy and to do is hard.It is not easy for us to learn English well.It is impossible for him to give up smoking.It is kind of you to help me.总结:不定式或不定式短语作宾语时，可以用it作形式宾语.I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.He hop
3、es to find a job soon.I found it necessary to talk to him again.I think it interesting to work with him.决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。常见vt.：believe,consider,think,feel,find,make常见adj.：natural,strange,necessary,important,essential,easy,possible常见n.：pity,shame,honorSh
4、e asked me to stay there.Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.Father told us to play on the street.I expect you to give me some help.He let me wait for him at the gate.总结:不定式作宾补基本结构 vt.+sb.+to do sth.I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.He is looking an apart
5、ment to live in.Would you like something to drink?1.不定式放在被修饰的名词/代词后面，做后置定语。2.不定式动词与被修饰词之间有主谓关系。3.不定式动词与被修饰词之间有动宾关系。如不定式动词为不及物动词，需要跟介词，以跟被修饰词之间构成介宾关系。He told me he had a meeting to attend It is a comfortable city to live in.Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to take a spacewalk.She was the y
6、oungest one to survive.He told me he had a meeting to attend It is a comfortable city(for people)to live in.注意：此时，句子主语(隐含主语)是不定式动词的动作发出者，不定式应使用主动形式。根据句义，如句子主语不是不定式动作的发出者，则不定式应使用被动形式。试比较：I have something to type.Boss,do you have anything to be typed?4.不定式与被修饰词之间属于习惯搭配的情况。这类被修饰词有：wish，decision，refusal
7、，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，attempt 等。Europe,the US,and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.We have got a new way to kill field mice.He should have the ability to overcome the difficulty.He made a promise to be a good boy.5.不定式常
8、可用于修饰 the first，the last，the only,等。如跟被修饰词之间是被动关系，应使用不定式的被动式。The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave.This is the third question to be discussed.1.不定式做目的状语。To make himself heard,he raised his voice.I have to work hard to live a happy life.He ran fast as to catch the first bus.2.不定
9、式做结果状语。The baby is old enough to stand up himself.He woke to find himself famous.He searched the room,only to find nothing.She was too old to live alone.They were too anxious to leave.3.不定式做原因状语。I feel honored to deliver a speech here.We were surprised to find the temple still in its original condit
10、ion.(w)h-to do 是带有特殊疑问词的不定式。可在句中做主语，宾语，表语。Who to take over the company is not clear.(主语主语)He didnt know what to say.(宾语宾语)My question is when to start.(表语表语)此结构中的形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,等。表示主语特征或性质，不定式动词和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，常用主动形式表示被动含义。Dont
11、you think the article is hard to understand?The goal is really impossible to achieve.The boy was easy to get along with.The chair is comfortable to sit on.此结构中的过去分词有：said,thought,believed不定式形式根据句义改变.意为：人们说、认为、相信He is said (come)to Zhejiang next month.He is said (publish)his new book already.He is sa
12、id (prepare)for the experiment at the moment.1.On their return,the father asked his son (explain)what he had learnt.2.My advisor encouraged me (take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.3.I dont know whether you happen (hear),but Im going to study in the US this September.4.The flu is believ
13、ed (cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.5.He seems （punish)by his teacher yesterday.6.(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.7.He was too frightened _ (say)anything.8.The school ordered all the classrooms (clean).9.The poster is
14、 so complex and it must be difficult (design).10.The girl is busy (practice)(sing).11.I have a letter (post).Can you help me?12.He is said (allow)to return to his country because a new president comes into power.13.Ill do whatever I can (improve)my English.14.Paul doesnt have to be made (learn).He a
15、lways works hard.15.Patrick returned from the war,only (tell)that his wife had left him.16.The airport (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.17.The decision (make)at the meeting yesterday will influence the future of our company.18.Volunteering gives you a chance (change)lives,i
16、ncluding your own.19.The students are looking forward to having an opportunity (explore)society.20.Its important for the figures (update)regularly.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long
17、 time.For example,_(use)current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.Although light is the fastest thing_(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and
18、 water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to achieveusingto getknownto storeto
19、help1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。_,you need a speicial pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _ and the last one to leave the office.4.有足够的食物供客人享用。有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.To draw maps correctly to en
20、joythe first one to cometo find the others had gone homeHello,my dear friends!I am greatly honoured _(share)the event with you.The theme of the activity is _(introduce)Chinese traditional culture.During this month,there will be various activities for you _(experience)the rich and colourful Chinese c
21、ulture.You will have a chance _(make)paper-cutting or _(appreciate)Chinese arts.There will be some lectures for you _(attend),_ is beneficial to your understanding about China._(learn)more about China,dont hesitate _(contact)us and be the first _(sign)up for the activity.to shareto introduceto experienceto maketo appreciateto attendTo learnwhichto contactto sign主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式to doto be done进行进行式式to be doing完成完成式式to have doneto have been done完成进行完成进行式式to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态Summary
