1、datasignatureConclusionUnit 4 Space ExplorationDiscovering Useful Structures datasignatureConclusionIntroductiondatasignatureConclusionStep 1 Introduction不定式是_的一种,在句中不能独立作_。可以作主语主语、状语、宾语、状语、宾语、表语表语、定语、定语、宾语宾语补足语补足语。非谓语非谓语谓语谓语datasignatureConclusionFunctionsdatasignatureConclusion1.作_:例句：那样做是很幼稚的.To
2、act like that is childish.=It is childish to act like thatTo make such a mistake is foolish.=_Step 2 The functions of the infinitive为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象，常用it 做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。从而构成以下结构：It+be+adj./n.+to do sth.。主语It is foolish to make such a mistake.datasignatureConclusion2.作_:例句：I wish to learn English w
3、ell.I like to help others if I can.I find it difficult to work with him.宾语常接不定式做宾语的动词有：常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish等等.当
4、不定式作宾语时后面接有宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放后面。I find it necessary to get everything ready in time.我觉得及时把一切都准备好是必要的。我觉得及时把一切都准备好是必要的。datasignatureConclusion注意以下几组词的区别：注意以下几组词的区别：(1)remember doing/to do (2)forget doing/to do (3)mean doing/to do 意味着意味着/打算做打算做 (4)regret doing/to d0(5)stop doing /to doTom was watch
5、ing TV.But when his father got home,he stopped to do his homework.datasignatureConclusion3.作_:例句：Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.宾补带带 to 的不定式做的不定式做宾语补足语宾语补足语的动词有的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,comman
6、d,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等等.注意：在注意：在主动结构主动结构中中,下列动词后作宾补下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式的动词不定式应省略应省略to:“五看五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,look at)“三使三使”(make,let,have使役动词使役动词)“两听两听”(hear,listen to)“一感觉一感觉”(feel)。l Who made him work all night long?l The policeman saw a ch
7、ild play in the street.l Dont make the children do such heavy work.但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。五看三室（使）五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉两厅（听）一感觉例句：He was seen to break the window.练习：The policeman saw a child play in the street.（变被动态）_练习：I made him do his work_但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。A child was seen to play in the street by the p
8、oliceman.He was made to do his work(by me).datasignatureConclusion4.作_:例句：My ambition is to become a doctor.To see is to believe.眼见为实。表语His job to look after the horses.Our goal to be admitted to a good university.isisdatasignatureConclusion5.作_1.不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。不定式作定语时，与前面被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系She
9、was the first person (think)of such a good idea.她是想出如此绝妙办法的第一人。（主谓关系）I have a meeting (attend).我有一个会议要参加。（动宾关系）I want to get something (drink).定语to thinkto attendto drinkdatasignatureConclusion（2）当名词被the first，the last，the only等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，而不管动作是否已完成。He is the only person (know)the tru
10、th.他是唯一知道真相的人（3）当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）to knowdatasignatureConclusion6.作_I come here to say good-bye to you.He lifted the stone only to drop（结果状语）it on his own foot.I hurried to the train s
11、tation,_(find)that the train has left.【注意】系表结构中，在difficult，easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，nice，fit，dangerous 等词后的不定式常用主动表示被动，并在句中作状语。The problem is easy to work out.这些问题容易解决。I am glad .我很高兴收到你的来信。She was sorry .她很抱歉让我们等了这么久。状语only to find to have received your letter to have kept us waiting so longd
12、atasignatureConclusionFormsdatasignatureConclusionStep 3 不定式的几种形式不定式的几种形式一.不定式的否定结构：not/never/seldom/hardly+to+动词原形 1)The teacher told us _(不要在那条河里游泳)。2)Its unfair _(不告诉我们).not to swim in that rivernot to tell usdatasignatureConclusion 主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式To
13、 be doing to be being done二二.不定式的时态和语态：不定式的时态和语态：1.一般式：表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。I want _.(再见到你)2.完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。They seem _(他们好像知道了答案).to meet/see you againto have known the answer3.进行式：表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。1)They seem _.(好像在努力工作)2)He pretended _(假装在读书)when I came into his
14、 room4.被动式据说此书已被翻译成了多种语言。The book is said _._to be working hardto be readingto have been translated into many languages.datasignatureConclusionExercise 用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空1.The policeman warned the young man _(drive)after drinking.2.He decides to go to the hospital _(exam).3.I was so disappoint
15、ed.She pretended _(see)me when I passed by.4.They talked a lot.They seemed _(know)each other for many years.5.The last one_(arrive)pays the meal.6.We find it impossible for the work_ (finish)ahead of time.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _(breathe).7.I hurried to the
16、 station only _(tell)that the train had left five minutes before.8.This problem is said _ _(discuss)three times.9.Energy drinks are not allowed _(make)in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.not to driveto be examinednot to see to have knownto arriveto be finishedto breatheto be toldto have
17、 been discussedto be made1.老板让他们整夜干活。老板让他们整夜干活。The boss made _.2.他只想出去玩。他只想出去玩。He wants to do nothing but(=except除了除了外外)_.3.除了吃这些药，他什么都信。除了吃这些药，他什么都信。He wants to believe anything but(=except除了除了外外)_.4.我想让你和汤姆谈话。我想让你和汤姆谈话。I want _.5.他太激动了，说不出话来。他太激动了，说不出话来。He is _.6.我们知道她研究这个问题好几年了。我们知道她研究这个问题好几年了。Sh
18、e is known to _ on the problem for many years.7.他好像正在吃什么东西。他好像正在吃什么东西。He seems _ something.8.让他别关窗。让他别关窗。Tell him _.them working all night long go out to play_to take these medicinesto have you talk with Tomtoo excited to speak a wordhave studiedto be eating not to close the window9._(为了赶上火车为了赶上火车),
19、wed(=had)better hurry to the station by taxi.10.It happened _(在下雨在下雨)when I got there11.Im sorry _(把你的钥匙弄把你的钥匙弄丢了丢了)12.It has been an honor for me_(被邀请来你们国家被邀请来你们国家)13.He is said _(正在国外读书正在国外读书)abroad.14.He asked _(被派往被派往的地方的地方the place where he was most needed.To catch the trainto be rainingto have
20、 lost your key(s)to be invited to your countryto be studyingto be sent to While English is getting more and more important in your schools,Chinese has become popular among foreign kid.But Chinese can be more difficult _1_(learn).Many foreign kids thinks that Chinese characters have too many strokes,
21、but they still want to learn it.Some South Korean students begin to learn _2_(write)the language on their first day at school._3_(help)students learn Chinese,South Korean holds popular speaking competitions for high school students every year.The Chinese Ministry of Education _4_(say)in the intervie
22、w yesterday that last year nearly 33 million people from 85 countries _5_(learn)Chinese.Some even try _6_(write)and draw in a Chinese way.to learnto writeTo helpsaidwere learningto write China _7_(develop)so fast that foreign countries intend _8_(understand)China better to help them with business.The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese.It _9_(send)more than 200 Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world.Nowadays,more and more colleges _10_(set)up in foreign countries.is developingto understandhas sentare being setdatasignatureConclusionThank you
