1、 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。定义定义，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。不定式作定语情况作定语的动语不定式与所修饰的名词，有时在意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系。处于动宾关系时，如果动词不定式的动词属于vi，其后还需加一个介词，其意义相当于一个vt，才能作名词的修饰语。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.He made a pr
2、omise to come here on time tomorrow.一般时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时to be doing表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行不定式的构成用法1.被修饰成分在意义上是动词不定式表示的动作的执行者时，作定语用的动词不定式的动词可以是不及物动词，如果是及物动词，动词要带宾语。Please make an effort to catch the bus.2被修饰成分在意义上是动词不定式表示的动作的承受者时，作定语用的
3、动词不定式的动词应是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，其后必须补加相应的介词。Here is some paper for you to write on.2，当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）The German girl has the ability to learn Chinese well.Mary had great determination to ach
4、ieve her goal.3，当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。例：Do you have anything to say?There is nothing to worry about.I want to get something to drink.4，当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：The letter to be written is to my best friend.The question to be discussed is important.4，当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,the best,the f
5、irst,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。例：He was the first one to think of the idea.You are the only person to be late.The manager is the last to come to the meeting.a.a.表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首。表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首。e.g.He woke up to find everybody gone.My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.b.b.在某
6、些表示在某些表示喜，恕，哀，乐喜，恕，哀，乐等的形容词后等的形容词后作原因状语：作原因状语：e.g.I am very glad to see you.I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.一不定式作状语往往表示一不定式作状语往往表示目的、结果、目的、结果、原因、条件和比较原因、条件和比较。不定式的时态与语态不定式的时态与语态1.1.不定式的一般式不定式的一般式to do表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作动词表示的动作同时同时发生或在发生或在其后其后发生发生2.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作表示的动
7、作发生在谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.He woke up to find everybody gone.3.3.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者承受者时时,一般要用一般要用被动语态被动语态。不定式的被动语。不定式的被动语态态一般式一般式to be done常表示常表示将来动作将来动作。The press conference is to be held tomorrow.The room seems to have been tidied up a
8、lready4.4.不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态完成式完成式to have been done表示的动作发生在谓语动作表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前之前 3.3.要注意的问题要注意的问题 问题一问题一 祈使句祈使句+and/or+and/or+陈述句陈述句 和和 To doTo do,+陈述句陈述句 的区别的区别_ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross,and you will have a nice strong kite.A.To tie B.Tying C.Tied D.Tie_ the problem _
9、 me and I ll see what I can do with it.A.When left;for B.Leaving;toC.If you leave;with D.Leave;withDD1)_ but he still could not understand it.A.Told many times B.Having been told many times C.He has been told many times D.Though he had been told many times2)_ so he had no difficulty(in)understanding
10、 English.A.Because he had been in London for 3 years B.Having been in London for 3 years C.He having been in London for 3 years D.He had been in London for 3 years问题二问题二 句还子是分词：如果句中有连词（句还子是分词：如果句中有连词（and/and/but/or.but/or.），要用句子），要用句子.CD(1)The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism i
11、n this area.(2)Do you have anything _(do)tonight?(3)The best way _(improve)your English is to join an English club.(4)Id like to have a few books_during the trip.(5)China is the third country in the world_(send)men into space.(6)Mary had great determination _(achieve)her goal.(7)The German girl has
12、the ability _(learn)Chinese well.(8)I have something important _(tell)you.(9)Lets find a clean room to put our luggage .to be completedto doto improveto readto sendto achieveto learnto tellin1 -Can the project be finished as planned?-Sure,_ it completed in time,well work two more hours a day.(2005福建
13、）A.having got B.to get C.getting D.get 2 The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _ the film stars had left.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 3 You were silly not _ your car.（2004湖南）A.to lock B.to have locked C.locking D.having lockedBBNote:不定式作状语状语，表示目的、结果、原因或条件To look at him,you will l
14、ike him.（条件）We were very excited to hear the news.（原因）B4.Im going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything _.(2004上海春）A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought 5.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.for choosing C.to choose D.to choose fromBNote:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式后须有相应的介词,DHe is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.但修饰这三个名词time,place,way,后面的介词习惯上省去He had no money and no place to live.
