1、vArrangements of this C第一章F u n d a m e n t a l c o n c e p t s o f translation2 weeks第二章S k i l l s o f translation at word level7-8 weeks第三章S k i l l s o f translation at syntactical level7-8 weeks第四章C u l t u r e a n d translation2 lTextbook:Textbook:实用英汉对比与翻译实用英汉对比与翻译 lArrangements:Arrangements:
2、l18 weeks altogether,about 3 18 weeks altogether,about 3 chapters of E-C translation.chapters of E-C Materials we use in classlPowerPointPowerPointlTextbook:Textbook:lExerciseExercise in class or after class in class or after Assessment/Final ExamAssessment/Final ExamvClass Attendance:20%vClass perf
3、ormance(including exercises,answer the questions in class,discussion,presentation,etc.):20%vFinal exam(including what we have learned in class):60%Chapter One Fundamental Concepts and Principles of TBrainstormBrainstormv What is translation?vWhat is translation?vTranslation means putting what is sai
4、d in one language into v陈皮陈皮 vChens skinv麻婆豆腐麻婆豆腐vbeancurd made by a p o c k m a r k e d v某动物园:某动物园:v请勿喂食动物!如有食物,请勿喂食动物!如有食物,请交给饲养员或值班警卫。请交给饲养员或值班警卫。vPlease do not feed animals.If you have suitable food,feed it to the guard on duty.v请不要喂动物,如果你有合请不要喂动物,如果你有合适的食物,请喂值班警卫适的食物,请喂值班警卫vTragic MistakesvMoku
5、satsuva.k e e p s i l e n t sophisticatedly;vb.ignore,despise HiroshimaHiroshimaNagasakiNvMoksatsuMTranslation consists in reproducing the target language(TL)the closest natural equivalent of the source language(SL),first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(Eugene.A.Nida,奈达奈达)A.A.再现原
6、文信息,而不是保留原文的结构形式;再现原文信息,而不是保留原文的结构形式;B.B.原文与译文之间是对等关系;原文与译文之间是对等关系;C.C.对等是贴切,自然的;对等是贴切,自然的;D.D.意义是优先考虑的因素;意义是优先考虑的因素;E.E.文体成分也很重要。文体成分也很重要。翻译的定义翻译的定义1.Origin and History of Translationv1.Bible Story of Noahv2.Tower of Babelv3.In the West:Bible translationv4.In China:vZhou Dynasty:“东方曰寄,南方曰象,东方曰寄,南方曰
7、象,西方曰狄,北方曰译。西方曰狄,北方曰译。”vXuan ZNoahNNoahs ArkNoahs ATower of BableTower of B2.Famous Translators 2.Famous Translators in Fujian Provincein Fujian ProvincevFujian:Cradle for translators in Chinese modern times 译界楷模严复,译界楷模严复,一百多年前他一百多年前他提出的提出的 信达信达雅雅 翻译标准翻译标准一直影响着中一直影响着中国的译学研究国的译学研究译界之王林纾,译界之王林纾,他译介的西洋
8、小他译介的西洋小说之多至今无人说之多至今无人出其右出其右 倡西学之始,倡西学之始,开新学之路开新学之路,最早组织翻最早组织翻译班子译译班子译 夷夷书书 的林则徐的林则徐 被西方人尊为被西方人尊为东方文化东方文化 圣哲圣哲 的辜鸿铭的辜鸿铭 两脚踏东西文两脚踏东西文化,一心评宇化,一心评宇宙文章宙文章,毕生,毕生致力于传播中致力于传播中华文化的文学、华文化的文学、翻译大师林语翻译大师林语堂堂 集作者、学者、集作者、学者、译者于一身的文译者于一身的文学、翻译大师余学、翻译大师余光中教授光中教授冰心冰心v陈季同陈季同:“东学西渐东学西渐”第一人;第一人;v许孟雄许孟雄:首次把毛泽东的:首次把毛泽东的
9、论持久战论持久战等等多篇著作译成英文;多篇著作译成英文;v凌青凌青:前中国常驻联合国代表,外交翻译:前中国常驻联合国代表,外交翻译家;家;v陈羽纶陈羽纶:主编并翻译过福尔摩斯探案等西:主编并翻译过福尔摩斯探案等西方名著方名著 。v许崇信许崇信:曾参加翻译并审定联合国及安理:曾参加翻译并审定联合国及安理会文件会文件4343份,计份,计120120多万字,并有大量译著。多万字,并有大量译著。v4.Principles and standards of translation.vWestern theories Chinese 严复严复v译事三难译事三难“信、达、雅信、达、雅”v信信(faithfu
10、lness):为读者准确传达原作的为读者准确传达原作的内容,译文的意义不违背原文,译文必须内容,译文的意义不违背原文,译文必须把原作的内容完整而准确地表示出来。同把原作的内容完整而准确地表示出来。同时,还必须保持原作的风格:民族风格,时,还必须保持原作的风格:民族风格,时代风格,语体风格,作者个人的语言风时代风格,语体风格,作者个人的语言风格等。(书面体与口语体)格等。(书面体与口语体)v即:忠实准确即:忠实准确严复严复v达(达(expressiveness):译者将全文融会于译者将全文融会于心,则下笔抒词,自然互备,至原文词理心,则下笔抒词,自然互备,至原文词理本深,难于共喻,则当前后引衬,
11、以显其本深,难于共喻,则当前后引衬,以显其意。凡此经营,皆以为达,为达既所以为意。凡此经营,皆以为达,为达既所以为信也。信也。v通顺流畅:译文语言必须通顺易懂,符合通顺流畅:译文语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范,没有语言晦涩,诘屈聱牙,文理不规范,没有语言晦涩,诘屈聱牙,文理不通,结构混乱,逻辑不清的现象。通,结构混乱,逻辑不清的现象。v雅(elegance):“言之无文,行之不远”,因为雅与文字有密切的关系,因此他主张用古汉语,“实则精理微言,用汉以前句法则为达易,用近世俗利文字则求达难。”v文字古雅文字古雅.v从语用层面上看从语用层面上看“雅雅”的原则:译者处理语的原则:译者处理语言在特定语境中
12、的语用含义,达到语用层面言在特定语境中的语用含义,达到语用层面上的上的“雅雅”,使译文语言对译文读者产生相,使译文语言对译文读者产生相应的应的“语用效果语用效果”。严复严复傅雷傅雷v“神似神似”(spiritual similarity)v The purpose of translation is to achieve the“spirit”of the original.v“以效果而论,反以应该像临画一样,所求以效果而论,反以应该像临画一样,所求的不在形似,而在神似。的不在形似,而在神似。”v化境化境(conversion/perfection)v化境论:化境论:“翻译的最高理想可以说是翻
13、译的最高理想可以说是化化。把作品从一国文字转变成另一。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入于化境。的风味,那就算得入于化境。”钱钟书钱钟书On ReadingvStudies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability.Their c h i e f u s e f o r d e l i g h t i s i n privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in
14、 discourse;and for ability,is in the judgement and disposition of 参考译文v读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。怡情,最见于独处幽居之时;博采,最见于高谈阔论之中;长才,最见于处世判事之际。Summary Summary vFaithfulness refers to that content and style of TL should be faithful to the SL.vSmoothness requires that version should be clear and distinct,flowing and
15、easy to read without signs of the mechanical word-for-word translation,of obscure language,of grammatical mistakes,confused structure and 5.Strategies for Translation5.Strategies for Translationv5.1异化(foreignization/dissimilation)vForeignization is a strategy in which a target text is produced which
16、 deliberately breaks target c o n v e n t i o n s b y r e t a i n i n g something of the foreignness of the original.v翻译必须有异国情调,就是所谓洋气。翻译必须有异国情调,就是所谓洋气。v 鲁迅鲁迅v异化:转达原文意思的时候,使译文的表异化:转达原文意思的时候,使译文的表达形式和句法结构尽量同原文一致起来,达形式和句法结构尽量同原文一致起来,向原文作者靠拢,采取原文作者使用的表向原文作者靠拢,采取原文作者使用的表达方式传达原文的内容。达方式传达原文的内容。vcrocodile
17、tear vcowboy vForbidden fruitvto cry wolf viron bowl vdark horsevPandoras box vKill two birds with one stonevArmed to the teethvAll roads lead to RomevBorn with a silver spoon in ones mouthvThough she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth,she was very frugal with her vThe Trojan horsevThe Gold A
18、pplevHv优点:保留的原文的文化意象,目的是使优点:保留的原文的文化意象,目的是使译文保持原文的语言风格,向译文读者介译文保持原文的语言风格,向译文读者介绍源语文化,并丰富译入语及文化。绍源语文化,并丰富译入语及文化。v5.2 归化(归化(domestication/assimilation)v归化:人类文化具有共同的范畴,因此,两种语言在表达上出现意象相同的内容,有的意象不同,意义基本一致,翻译时用译语的文化意象来取代原文里的文化意象,或用译语现有的词汇来翻译。vAll roads lead to RomevWhere there is a will,there is a wayvMak
19、e hay while the sun shinesvThere is no smoke without firevLook for a needle in a bundle of hayvTo cry vTeach fish to swimvTwo heads are better than onevSpeak of the devil and he comesvGreat minds think vTo shed crocodile tearsvDo not shed crocodile tears for J a m e s;I k n o w y o u w e r e responsible for his being vDrink like a fishvHe has a terrible complexion as he drinks like a vBlack sheepvThey said she is the black sheep of the family because she spent money like water.谢谢观赏谢谢观赏