1、Lead-inLead-inThe background picture is the whole cosmoskzms/universe().What do you know about it?大家好大家好1Its the Galaxy(银河系银河系).大家好大家好2Theyre planets(行星行星)and stars(恒星恒星).大家好大家好3Its the black hole.大家好大家好4Its the solar system.Can you enumeratenju:mret(列举列举)the planets?，大家好大家好5History of the Universe大
2、家好大家好6Unit 4Unit 4大家好大家好7Physics Physics ChemistryChemistryBiologyBiologyGeology Geology MathematicsMathematicsMedicineMedicineBiochemistryBiochemistryGeophysicsGeophysicsAstronomyAstronomyWarming upWarming up大家好大家好8Hawking and his theories大家好大家好9Can you name them in English?大家好大家好10Mercurym:kjriVen
3、usvinsEarthMarsJupiterdu:pt(r)Saturnst:nUranusjrnsNeptuneneptju:nPlutoplu:tuThe SunThe Solar System大家好大家好11A Black Hole大家好大家好12The Moon大家好大家好13The Big Bang大家好大家好14Atom大家好大家好15The Globe Our Earth大家好大家好16Atmosphere(大气层大气层)大家好大家好17Reading Reading 1.Fast Reading,and analyze its structure.Write down the
4、main idea for each paragraph.大家好大家好18Answer key for question 1:Paragraph 1:A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Paragraph 2:The formation of water for life.Paragraph 3:The importance of water for life.Paragraph 4:The development of plants and animals on the earth.Paragraph 5:
5、The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.大家好大家好193.Detailed Reading:Read the text loudly for a second time and then complete the fills in the following pictures according to the evolution(进化，演进化，演变变)order of life on the earth.12345678大家好大家好20Answer key for question 3:small plants in water
6、 shellfish and all sorts of fish green plants on land insects(on land)amphibians(on land and in water)forests reptiles(on land)dinosaurs(on land)mammals(on land)大家好大家好21天文学天文学 n.n.Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars,planets,and other natural objects in space.1.astronomy1.astronomy相关短语相关短语
7、radar astronomy 雷达天文学雷达天文学 radio astronomy 电波电波(无线电无线电)天文学天文学 大家好大家好222.star2.star(1)名词名词 (pl.stars)1）星星,恒星恒星;(;(日、月等日、月等)天体天体;星形物星形物;2）星号星号;(;(表示等级等的表示等级等的)星级星级;星形勋章星形勋章,如如：While in Taipei she stayed at a four star hotel.她在台北逗留期间住在一家四星级旅馆。她在台北逗留期间住在一家四星级旅馆。3）命运命运;星象星象 4）(电影、体育等的电影、体育等的)明星明星,杰出人物杰出人
8、物 His wish to become a football star has come true.他想当足球明星的愿望实现了。他想当足球明星的愿望实现了。大家好大家好23(2)动词（及物）动词（及物）(starred;starred;starring)1）用星形物装饰用星形物装饰 2）用星号标出用星号标出 3）使成明星使成明星,由由.主演主演 Yesterday we saw a film starring Charlie Chaplin.昨天我们看了一部查理昨天我们看了一部查理卓别林主演的电影。卓别林主演的电影。3.动词（不及物）动词（不及物）(starred;starred;starr
9、ing)1）当明星当明星,主演主演。如：。如：She has starred in some thirty films.她主演过大约她主演过大约30部影片。部影片。star star大家好大家好242）表现出色表现出色。如：。如：He didnt star at that job.那份工作他干得并不出色。那份工作他干得并不出色。(4)形容词形容词 1）星的星的;星形的星形的 2）明星的明星的,主角的主角的 3）出色的出色的,优秀的。优秀的。如：如：Tony is the star player on our team.托尼是我队的主力。托尼是我队的主力。star star大家好大家好253.g
10、lobe3.globe（1）名词名词 (pl.globes)1)球球;球状物球状物 2)地球仪地球仪;地球地球。如：。如：This plant can grow in many parts of the globe.这这种植物能在地球上的许多地方生长。种植物能在地球上的许多地方生长。3)眼球眼球（2）动词（不及物）动词（不及物）(globed;globed;globing)成球状成球状（3）动词（及物）动词（及物）(globed;globed;globing)使成球状使成球状 大家好大家好26 Then are you clear now about the evolution of life
11、?大家好大家好27When the dust settled into a solid globe,the earth was so violent.大家好大家好284.6 billion years ago3 billion years ago540 million years ago250 million years ago65million years agoThe Evolution of Life on the earthi:vlu:nplzkmeszksi:nzuik大家好大家好29大家好大家好30Shellfish大家好大家好31Amphibian大家好大家好32Reptile
12、Dinosaur大家好大家好33大家好大家好34Primitive(原始的原始的)People大家好大家好351 1.What it was to become.What it was to become was was uncertainuncertain (when the dust when the dust settled into a solid globesettled into a solid globe).be to dobe to do的用法的用法(1)be to do.用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。如：如：Am I to g
13、o on with the work？要我继续这项工作吗？要我继续这项工作吗？What are we to do next？我们下一步该怎么办？我们下一步该怎么办？(2)表示按约定、计划，或即将发生的动作，这是将来时表示按约定、计划，或即将发生的动作，这是将来时的一种用法。如：的一种用法。如：They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at 10 am.tomorrow.他们约定明天上午他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。点一起去看这位老师。bebe大家好大家好36We are to meet at the station at four
14、 this afternoon.我们今天下午我们今天下午4点在车站见面。点在车站见面。(3)表示必须或应该，在意义上等于表示必须或应该，在意义上等于must，should，ought to 或或have to。如：如：You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。This medicine is to be taken three times a day.这种药一天要服三次。这种药一天要服三次。(4)用来表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。用来表示注定要
15、发生或不可避免要发生的事。如：如：His theory was to change the views on the universe.大家好大家好371.It 1.It explodedexploded loudly with fire and rock,loudly with fire and rock,which were which were in timein time to produce carbon,to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,nitrogen,water vapour and other ga
16、ses,which were to make the earths which were to make the earths atmosphere.atmosphere.loud,aloud,loudly 这三个副词词义很接近，但含义有所不同。这三个副词词义很接近，但含义有所不同。aloud 的意思是的意思是“出声地、高声地出声地、高声地”，强调能让人，强调能让人听得见。如：听得见。如：Read aloud so that we can all hear you.读大点读大点声，以便我们大家都能听见你。声，以便我们大家都能听见你。They are shouting aloud.他们在大声感叫
17、。他们在大声感叫。大家好大家好38loud 意思是意思是“大声地、高声地、响亮地大声地、高声地、响亮地”，强调声音响，强调声音响亮。常与动词亮。常与动词speak,talk,say,laugh等连用。等连用。如：如：Dont talk so loud.讲话声音不要这么大。讲话声音不要这么大。Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。事实胜于雄辩。loudly 的意思是的意思是“高声地高声地”，有时可与，有时可与loud通用，但含通用，但含有有“喧闹喧闹”的意味。的意味。如：如：Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人在大声敲门。
18、有人在大声敲门。Dont talk so loudly/loud.说话声音不要这么大。说话声音不要这么大。在现代英语中有时在并不喧闹的场合也用在现代英语中有时在并不喧闹的场合也用loudly.如：如：Will you please read the text loudly?你能不能大声读你能不能大声读这篇课文？这篇课文？大家好大家好39explodeexplode1)1)（使某物）炸开，爆炸（使某物）炸开，爆炸。如：如：The firework explodedexploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously.大家好大家好402)2)（指感情）激发（
19、指感情）激发。如：如：I was frightened when she exploded exploded into loud laughter.3)3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加（指人口）突然或迅速增加。如：如：Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding exploding population.explosion n.n.爆炸（声）爆炸（声）explosive adj.adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的爆炸性的，易爆炸的 n.n.炸药，炸药，爆炸物爆炸物in timein time(for sth(for sth./to do sth/to
20、 do sth.):):最终；及时，最终；及时，如如She will be back in timein time to prepare dinner.她会及时赶回来准备晚饭。她会及时赶回来准备晚饭。大家好大家好413.What many science believe is 3.What many science believe is that the continued presence of that the continued presence of water water allowedallowed the earth to the earth to dissolve gases
21、and acids which dissolve gases and acids which are harmful toare harmful to the plants into the the plants into the oceans and seas.oceans and seas.allow v.允许、许可、容许允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doing allow sb.to do sth.be allowed to do sth.大家好大家好422.2.continuous 连续不断的（强调一个动作没有间连续不断的（强调一个动作没有间断过）断过）continua
22、l 反复的，频繁的（强调一个动作在反复的，频繁的（强调一个动作在某个时期反复出现）某个时期反复出现）continued和和continuing可以互换，都表示可以互换，都表示“连续不断的连续不断的”“”“继续不变的继续不变的”，但是它们只能，但是它们只能用于名词前。用于名词前。总的来说，其差异正逐渐消失，特别是总的来说，其差异正逐渐消失，特别是continual亦含有亦含有continuous相同的意义，尤指不相同的意义，尤指不愉快的事：愉快的事：Life was a continual struggle for them.生活对他们来说是不断的挣扎。生活对他们来说是不断的挣扎。大家好大家好4
23、3Present1 presence n.出席，到场，存在出席，到场，存在形容词形容词 a.1.出席的出席的,在场的在场的How many people were present at the meeting?到会的有多少人到会的有多少人?2.现在的现在的,当前的当前的Im not at all satisfied with the present situation.我对目前的情况一点都不满意。我对目前的情况一点都不满意。大家好大家好44名词名词 n.1.现在现在,目前目前There is no time like the present.机不可失机不可失,时不再来。时不再来。present
24、2名词名词 n.1.礼物礼物,赠品赠品CHe often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。大家好大家好45Present3 presentation n.授予，颁发，呈现授予，颁发，呈现及物动词及物动词 vt.1.赠送赠送,呈献呈献(+to/with)They presented him with a bunch of flowers.他们献给他一束鲜花。他们献给他一束鲜花。2.引起引起(问题问题),造成造成(困难困难)(+to/with)All this presented new s
25、afety problems.所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。大家好大家好463.提出提出,提交提交,呈递呈递(+to)Some 300 papers were presented at the conference.会上提出了大约三百篇论文。会上提出了大约三百篇论文。4.呈现呈现;描述描述;出示出示(+to)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.虽然忧心忡忡虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。但他还得露出一副笑容。大家好大家好47My father doesnt allow smoking at
26、 home.In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。Are we allowed to use the computer?我们可以用电脑么？我们可以用电脑么？be harmful to 对对有害有害 do harm to sb.=do sb.harm 伤害某人，对某人伤害某人，对某人有害处有害处 1)Pollution is especially harmful to animals.2)S
27、moking will do you a lot of harm.大家好大家好484.They produced young 4.They produced young generally generally by laying by laying eggs.eggs.Its generally believed that一般认为一般认为generally speaking 一般而言，概括来说一般而言，概括来说 1)Its generally believed that girls work harder than boys do.2)Generally speaking,women cry
28、more easily than men.by doing用于说明做某事的手段、方式。用于说明做某事的手段、方式。如：如：I dont think she can help him by just giving him money.我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。大家好大家好495.They are putting too much 5.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which atmosphere,which prevents
29、prevents heat heat from escapingfrom escaping from the earth into from the earth into space.space.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 :prevent sb.(from)doing sth.stop sb.(from)doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.1)We must prevent them from making trouble.2)You should prevent the child from injuring himself.If nothing preve
30、nts,如果没有什么阻碍的话如果没有什么阻碍的话 ,大家好大家好506.Whether life will continue on the 6.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come earth for millions of years to come will will depend ondepend on whether this whether this problem can be solved.problem can be solved.depend on:相信，信赖相信，信赖,依靠
31、依靠,依赖依赖,视视而定，取决而定，取决于于 Depend on it.没问题，请放心（句末或句首）没问题，请放心（句末或句首）That/It(all)depends.那得看情况而定那得看情况而定.1)Depend on it,youll succeed.2)He may support me,but it depends.大家好大家好51宾语从句可以分为三类(1).动词的宾语从句1.1大多数位于动词后面Eg：Ihopeyoucanjoinusinthegame.1.2有些是“动词+副词”后Findout/pointout/figureout/turnout/figureoutEg：Canyo
32、ufigureoutwhatthepoetreallymeansinthispoem?1.3有些动词短语后面Makesure/makeuponesmind/keepinmindEg;weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanbeagreatboosttoourhealth.大家好大家好52(2)it作形式宾语代替宾语从句第一类动词;find/feel/think/consider/make/believe/guess/suppose/assume等后面有宾语不足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置。Eg：Ithinkitnecessarythatw
33、edosomesporting.第二类动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it。这类词：hate/like/dislike/appreciate/dependon/seeto/Eg:Ihateitwhentheytalkwithoutconsideringothersfeeling.大家好大家好537.I 7.I cheered upcheered up immediately and immediately and floated weightlessly around in our floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin space
34、ship cabin watchingwatching the the earth earth become become smaller and the smaller and the moon larger.moon larger.cheer up 欢呼；喝彩；感到高兴；使高兴。欢呼；喝彩；感到高兴；使高兴。如：如：The crowd cheered up when they saw the teams arrive.观众看到运动队进场时欢声雷动。观众看到运动队进场时欢声雷动。He took her to the concert to cheer her up.为使她高兴起来，他带她去听音
35、乐会。为使她高兴起来，他带她去听音乐会。Astronomerstrnm(r)astronautstrn:t大家好大家好54watch do/doing 观看；注视。观看；注视。如：如：We watched the sun setting behind the trees.Evening fell.我们看着太阳一点点地落在树后，我们看着太阳一点点地落在树后，夜幕降临了。夜幕降临了。Every day as they watched the plant grow,their hearts were filled with hope.他们每天都在观察他们每天都在观察这棵植物生长，心里充满了希望。这棵
36、植物生长，心里充满了希望。Weigh1.表示“称的重量”,是及物动词,如：Heweighedthefish.他称了这条鱼.Doyouoftenweighyourself?你经常称体重吗?2.表示“重(多少)”,是不及物动词Heweighs60kilos.他体重60公斤.Themeatweighsfivepounds.这肉重五磅.大家好大家好552.比较byweight/inweight：前者表示“按重量”,后者表示“重量上”.如：Dotheychargecarriagebyweight?他们是按重量收取运费吗?Itssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight.它体积比较小,
37、但分量比较重.3.对重量提问,特殊疑问词用Howmuch?orHowheavy?Whatistheweightof.Howmuchitweighs?What=howmuchdoyouweigh?Whatistheweightofthebaby?大家好大家好56倍数的表达方式共：四种1.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”,由“倍数+thesize（length,amount）”结构组成.例如：Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大.2.表示“比大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级”结构组成.例如：Thisboxisthreetim
38、esbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍.Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.大家好大家好573.表示“是倍”,由“倍数+as+形容词+as+”结构组成.例如：Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.我们的工厂是他们的三倍.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多.注一倍用once,两倍用twice.4、还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍.Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedby
39、fourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍.大家好大家好589.We watched,9.We watched,amazed amazed as as fire fire broke outbroke out on the outside of the on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity spaceship as the earths gravity increased.increased.此处的此处的amazed是过去分词作状语。过去分是过去分词作状语。过去分词经常可以作状语，这是一种特定用法。词经常可以
40、作状语，这是一种特定用法。如：如：He came in unnoticed.他神不知鬼不觉地走了进来。他神不知鬼不觉地走了进来。Many heroes lie buried in the churchyard.许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。break out（战争，争吵，疾病等）爆发。（战争，争吵，疾病等）爆发。如：如：A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight.半夜，（他们）突然大吵起来。半夜，（他们）突然大吵起来。大家好大家好598.“Oh dear,”I cried,“walking 8.“Oh dear,”I cried,
41、“walking does need a bit of practice does need a bit of practice now now thatthat gravity has changed.”gravity has changed.”Now that:既然，由于既然，由于。如：如：Now that everybody is here,we can begin the meeting.大家好大家好6010.the Paleozoic era:10.the Paleozoic era:古生代，是地质古生代，是地质时代的第三个代（第一、第二代分别是太古时代的第三个代（第一、第二代分别是
42、太古代和元古代）。约代和元古代）。约5.445.44亿年前至亿年前至2.482.48亿年前亿年前.the Mesozoic era:the Mesozoic era:中生代，包括：中生代，包括：三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪。三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪。the Cenozoic era:the Cenozoic era:新生代，约开始新生代，约开始于于65006500万年前，现仍在持续。万年前，现仍在持续。11.Big Bang:11.Big Bang:宇宙大爆炸理论宇宙大爆炸理论大家好大家好61Learning about Language Learning about Language 1.Words
43、 1.Words astronomy,atmosphere,system,violent,solid,explode,carbon,dioxide,oxygen,surface,planet,harmful,development,spread,method,depend,exist,presence,telescope,disappoint,disappointed,publish,publishing,gravity,force,gradually,cheer,float,mass大家好大家好62Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word.
44、Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.presentviolentconfidentdifferentpatientpresenceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatiencecertainfairpaidlikekinduncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkind-(en)ceun-大家好大家好63cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsculturalglobaluniversalagricultralm
45、athematicalartphysicschemistrybiologyscienceartistphsicistchemistbiologistscientist-al-ist大家好大家好642.Expressions2.Expressionssolar system,in time,now that,prevent.from,depend on,cheer up,get the hang of,break out,lay eggs,give birth to,in ones turn,carbon dioxide,watch out,block out大家好大家好65 surface,e
46、xplode,develop,prevent,float,spread,violent,astronomy,force,publish,disappoint,solid 1.The _ of gravity makes things fall to the earth.2.The robbers kicked the door _ and broke into the stars house.3.Nothing can separate the two,because they have a _ friendship foundation.4.In World War II,two atomi
47、c bombs _ in Japan,killing a large number of people.5.With the _ of our countrys economy,peoples living standard has been greatly raised.forceviolentlysolidexplodeddevelopment大家好大家好666.More than 70%of the earths _ is covered by water.7.In the last few years the city has _ out rapidly in all directio
48、ns.8.That he failed the examination _ his lover very much.9.They _ the canoe out into the middle of the river.10.Mark Twain _ a lot of popular novels in that _ firm.spreaddisappointedfloatedsurfacepublishedpublishing大家好大家好671.他以前是靠画画为生的。他以前是靠画画为生的。He used to _his living _.2.爆竹在他手里爆炸了，他伤得很严重。爆竹在他手里爆炸
49、了，他伤得很严重。The firework _ and he hurt seriously.3.乡村生活与都市生活是非常不同的。乡村生活与都市生活是非常不同的。Country life is_ city life.4.玛丽之所以没有通过这次考试，是因为她此前玛丽之所以没有通过这次考试，是因为她此前病了两个星期。病了两个星期。Mary _ in the exam,_she had been ill for two weeks.大家好大家好685.第二次世界大战是年爆发的。第二次世界大战是年爆发的。World War II _in 1939.6.我担心是否伤害了她。我担心是否伤害了她。I worr
50、y _ I hurt her feelings.7.为使她高兴起来，她丈夫带她去听音乐会。为使她高兴起来，她丈夫带她去听音乐会。Her husband took her to the concert _.8.他们乘坐宇宙飞船穿越太空到月球上去。他们乘坐宇宙飞船穿越太空到月球上去。They _ to the moon in a spaceship.9.天上有朵朵白云。天上有朵朵白云。There were _ white clouds in the sky.大家好大家好691.He used to make/earn his living by painting.2.The firework ex
