1、Unit 3语法精讲直接引语间接引语人称变化人称变化时态变化时态变化12代词，时状，地状，动词代词，时状，地状，动词变化变化3句式变化句式变化4引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语直接引语通常都用_括起来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句 直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。一、人称变化的三原则一一随随主主、二二随随宾宾、第、第三三人称人称不更新不更新一随主：一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主 句的主语相一致的人称。二随宾：二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接
2、宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。第三人称不更新：第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me,“Ive left my book in your room.He told me that he had left his book in my room.I said to her,“I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.sheIhimIhe句型转换（1）“
3、I will come and see you again this evening,Tom,”she said.She told Tom that would go and see again that evening.（2）He said to me,“You are wrong.”He told me that was wrong.（3）“Are you a soldier?”he asked.He asked if/whether was a soldier.（4）He asked,“Where are you going to get off,John?”He asked John
4、where was going to get off.二、时态的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时(1)I said,“I will give her some advice tomorrow.”I said that I _ her some advice the next day.(2)“You have already done your duty,
5、”he said to her.He told her that she _ her duty.(3)He said,“I am living with my elder brother.”He said that he _ with his elder brother.would givehad already donewas living(4)My friend Linda said to me,“I saw the film three days ago.”My friend Linda told me that she _ the film three days before.(5)“
6、Light travels much faster than sound,”he said.He said that light _ much faster than sound.had seentravels直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。My teacher said to us yesterday,“Early birds catch worms.”昨天老师对我们说:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。My teacher told us yesterday that e
7、arly birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(6)He said,“She will come here to have a long holiday.”He said that _ go there to have a long holiday.(7)The teacher said,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”The teacher said that where there _ a will,there _ a way.wouldisis三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化引语引语用词用词直接引
8、语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词this 这个这个that 那个那个these 这些这些those 那些那些引语引语用词用词直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语时间时间状语状语now 现在现在then 那时那时today 今天今天that day 那天那天this morning今天上午今天上午that morning那天上午那天上午tonight今天晚上今天晚上that night那天晚上那天晚上tomorrow明天明天the next/following day第二天第二天yesterday昨天昨天the day before前一天前一天ten days/weeksagoten da
9、ys/weeksbefore引语引语用词用词直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语地点状语地点状语here 这儿这儿there 那儿那儿方向性方向性动词动词bring 带来带来take 带走带走come 来来go 去去(1)They said,“We arrived this morning.”They said that they had arrived _.(2)John said,“I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.”John said that he had written back telling him about it _.(3)H
10、e said,“Its ten oclock now.”He said that it was ten oclock _.(4)She said,“Ill do it tonight.”She said that she would do it _.that morningthe day beforethenthat night(4)“I will come and help you tomorrow，John，”she said.She told John that she _ and help her _.(5)She said to me，“I lived here five years
11、 ago.”She told me she had lived_ five years _.would gotherethe next daybefore 主句谓语动词若为主句谓语动词若为“said to sb.”常改为常改为“told sb.”。四、句式变化 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常在口语中常省略省略)。She said,“Im very hungry.”She said(that)she was very hungry（1）She said to me,“I came bac
12、k an hour ago.”她对我说：“我一小时前回来的。”She told _ _ .她告诉我她一小时前回来的.me(that)she had come back an hour before把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序 谓语动词是谓语动词是said，则将其改为，则将其改为asked；原句改为由原句改为由whether或或if引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。He said,“Are you interested in English?”He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.1、Mother asked me,“Have you
13、finished your homework?”Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.2、“You dont like rock music,do you?”he said.He asked me whether/if I liked rock music.仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照转换规则来进行其余的变化遵照转换规则来进行。He asked me,“What do you want?”He asked(me)what I wanted.“When did you go to
14、bed last night?”Father said to Anne.Father asked Anne When she went to bed the night before.1、“Which room do you live in?”He asked He asked me which room I lived in.2、“Whats your name？”he asked me.He asked me what my name was.3、“Where are you going？”the father asked his son.The father asked his son
15、where he was going.He said to Ann,“Tell me your problem.”He told Ann to tell him her problem.通常将祈使句的通常将祈使句的动词原形动词原形变成变成带带to的的不定式不定式，并在不定式前根据句意以及说，并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气加上话者当时的语气加上ask、tell、order、suggest、advise、warn等动词。等动词。ask/tell/order/advice/warn sb.(not)to do sth.suggestdoing/that从句(1)“Do some shopp
16、ing for me,please,”he said to her.He _ her _ some shopping for him.(2)“Please have a rest.”she said to us.She _ us _ a rest.(3)The officer said,“Go away.”The officer _ us _ away.(4)“Be careful with the dog,boys,”she said.askedto doorderedaskedto haveto goShe warned the boys to be careful with the do
17、g.(5)Jack said,“Lets go to the cinema tonight.”Jack _ that we _ to the cinema that night.Jack _ our _ to the cinema that night.(6)He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”He told the boys _ so much noise.suggested(should)gonot to makesuggestedgoing1、John said,“Im going to London with my father.”John s
18、aid that he was going to London with his father.2、She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper？”She asked me whether/if I often went there to read newspaper.3、“Why dont you take a walk after supper？”he said.He adviced me to take a walk after supper.4、He said,“Dont take off your coat”He told me
19、 not to take off my coat.5、“Does your sister like bule dressed or green ones？”he asked.He asked whether my sister like bule dressed or green ones.6、“What do you think of the film？”she asked her friend.She asked her friend what she thought of the film.7、She said,“I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday”She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days before.8、She said,“It is nine oclock now.”She said that it was nine oclock then.
