1、Discoving Useful Structures Unit 1 Science Fiction Somebody cleans this room everyday.This room is cleaned everyday.Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.This room was cleaned yesterday.CompareCompare在英语中，语态分为两种：在英语中，语态分为两种：主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都是指。主动语态和被动语态都是指动词的形式而言。动词的形式而言。在在主动语态主动语态中强调的是执行
2、动作的人或中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即物，即主语是动作的执行者主语是动作的执行者；而在；而在被动被动语态语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者主语是动作的承受者。Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice.It was going to be tested out by Lorrys wife,Claire.,but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to
3、be harmed.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,.The saleswoman there was rude to her,so she rang Tony and told him she
4、was being treated badly.How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.Tony expected that the house,which was being completely transformed,would be ready.Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action
5、rather than the person or object that performs the action.It is used when we dont know the performer,or the performer is unimportant(and therefore omitted),or the performer is to be highlighted(and therefore placed toward the end).复习被动语态Review the Passive Voice指出句中的主谓宾语。指出句中的主谓宾语。We kept food in the
6、 fridge.We must close the windows and the door.S V.O.SV.O.Food was kept(by us)in the fridge.The windows and the door must be closed.使用被动语态的情况：使用被动语态的情况：Sugar cane is grown in the south.The song The East is Red was written by a poor peasant.1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。2.强调动作的承受者。强调动作的承受者。The pl
7、an was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.Margaret was given some bad advice about selecting courses.3.动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。4.出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。各个时态各个时态的被动语态的被动语态构成构成：am/is/are+V-edam/is/are+being+V-edwas/were+V-edwas/were+being+V-edhave/has+been
8、+V-edhad+been+V-edshall/will+be+V-edbe going to+be+V-edmust be+V-edshould have+been+V-edCorrect mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet.belongs tosounds1.只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。不及物动词,不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。如:happen,go on,take place,belong to,sound,feel等。Your article reads well.Thi
9、s type of car sells well in China.The coat dries easily.2.有些动词常跟相关副词连用，以主动形式表被动含义，如:open,write,read,sell,wash,measure 等。3.在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。It is said that It is reported that It is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It must be pointed out that 4.情态动词的被动语态可以用来表示能力、可能性、责任等。Firefighters
10、 could be trained using virtual reality technology.The position of the viewer can be calculated at any time.5.注意区别被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，V-ed表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。The long novel was written by Mr.Lu Xun in the 1920s.The long novel is well written,isnt it?The glass was broken by his l
11、ittle son yesterday.Look,the glass is broken!Who broke it?被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.Practice1.What is done cannot _.(undo)2.Janet _ chairwoman of the student union last mon
12、th.(elect)3.Two hundred grammes of flour should _ to the cake mix.(add)be done木已成舟。was elected珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。be added4.A 3,000-seat venue _ for the circus performance in November.(build)5.Working efficiency _ since this new software was adopted.(improve)6.Only one piece of carry-on lug
13、gage _ for each economy class passenger.(allow)was built/will be built一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成/将在十一月建成。has been improved自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。is allowed经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。7.It is a great honour for me to _ to address this international AI conference.(invite)8.When I entered the room,I found that the
14、salesmans salary _ at the meeting.(discuss)9.With exams being adapted into Braille,a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination.He is expected to _ to a top university.(admit)be invited我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。was being discussed我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。be
15、admitted使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connectScience fiction _ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _.The Three-Body Problem,_ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin,is one
16、 of those astonishing predictions about the future.The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008.When the first volume _ into English by Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of
17、 the words in the box.is regardedexplored/representedwrittenwas translated explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connectChinese-American author Ken Liu,it attracted attention around the world,becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel.Th
18、e book _ many themes such as space exploration,alien contact,AI,and the future of humans.The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people,Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao.Ye _ to join a secret project in a remote area of China,which _ to contact alien life forms.In the other story,set 2
19、0 years later,Wang representsis recruitedhas been set up explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connectMiao _ in a popular online game called Three Body,in which people live on an unknownplanet with three suns.But Wang discovers it is more than a game it uncov
20、ers a great danger threatening human existence.How are these two peoples stories _?And how will their behaviour change Earths future and the civilizations of other planets?Answers to all these questions are waiting to _ when you go on reading.gets caught upconnectedbediscovered将下列句子改写为被动语态。1.We have
21、 studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.2.They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.3.They have warned us to be careful of rats.English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.We have been warned to
22、 be careful of rats by them.4.We must keep this in mind.5.We shall not use the washing machine again.6.A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.This must be kept in mind.This washing machine will not be used again.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.7.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him;I was shown a ticket by him.8.The nurse is taking care of the sick people.The sick people are being taken care of by the nurse.
