1、短文改错短文改错 录录考考纲纲摘摘 写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。该部写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：1.准确使用语法和词汇；准确使用语法和词汇；2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。达自己的意思。该部分由第一、二两节组成，主要考查考生该部分由第一、二两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。的书面表达能力。第一节：满分第一节：满分10分。本题给出一篇约分。本题给出一篇约100个个单词的短文，文中有单词的短文，文中有10处错误，错误类型包括词处错误，错误
2、类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进法、句法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错即将其改正。行判断，如有错即将其改正。秘秘命命题题揭揭1.长度：长度：短文有短文有610句话，含句话，含92119个个 词。词。2.内容：内容：类似学生习作，贴近学生生活。类似学生习作，贴近学生生活。3.体裁：体裁：除除2013年年卷是说明文外，其卷是说明文外，其 余都是记叙文。余都是记叙文。4.考点：考点：几乎涉及高考大纲所列的所有语法项目：名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、几乎涉及高考大纲所列的所有语法项目：名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、数词、谓语动词数词、谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓
3、一致、情态动词和虚拟语气包括时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)、非谓语动词、非谓语动词、词性误用、比较等级、常用词语辨析等。词性误用、比较等级、常用词语辨析等。各卷考点无差别，备考时必须复习考纲所列所有语法项目。各卷考点无差别，备考时必须复习考纲所列所有语法项目。5.考法：考法：(1)错误类型：错错误类型：错1个词、多个词、多1个词、少个词、少1个词的比例是个词的比例是8:1:1。(2)每句话中最多设每句话中最多设2处错。即有的句子无错，有的句子有处错。即有的句子无错，有的句子有1处错，有的有处错，有的有2处错。处错。(3)需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。需要变形的词通常是
4、名词、动词、形容词、副词。(4)少了一个词，要求添加的词有冠词、少了一个词，要求添加的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号介词、连词、不定式符号to、人称代词、人称代词、物主代词等。物主代词等。(5)多了一个词，要求删除的词有冠词、多了一个词，要求删除的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号介词、连词、不定式符号to、助动词、助动词、副词等。副词等。(6)标点符号、单词拼写、大小写和词序标点符号、单词拼写、大小写和词序等不设错。等不设错。略略解解题题方方改错要容易，考点须牢记；根据考点找错误，逐一排查高速度。改错要容易，考点须牢记；根据考点找错误，逐一排查高速度。三个步骤三个步骤1.浏览全文，弄懂文意，
5、标出明显错误。浏览全文，弄懂文意，标出明显错误。2.逐句阅读，依据考点，逐句寻找错误。逐句阅读，依据考点，逐句寻找错误。3.重读全文，仔细推敲，解决个别难题。重读全文，仔细推敲，解决个别难题。三个维度三个维度 词法：词法：介词、冠词、连词的多用或少用；词性误用、现在分词与过去分词的介词、冠词、连词的多用或少用；词性误用、现在分词与过去分词的混用等。混用等。句法：句法：主谓一致、平行主谓一致、平行(并列并列)一致、时态一致、指代一致、名词的单复数一致。一致、时态一致、指代一致、名词的单复数一致。(5个一致个一致)行文逻辑：行文逻辑：因果关系、转折关系、递进关系，意义的肯定与否定等。因果关系、转折
6、关系、递进关系，意义的肯定与否定等。考点考法顺口溜考点考法顺口溜增加增加人称人称(代词)和和物主物主(代词)，可能删除可能删除副副和和助助。1.八种情况，可能增删八种情况，可能增删(6 6增增6 6减减)连连、冠冠、介介，(不定式)符号符号toto，可能增加和删除；可能增加和删除；连词连词：(2016全国全国卷卷)Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2013全国全国卷卷)He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small tow
7、n,he was strong and powerful.and(1)连冠介连冠介，符号符号toto，可能增加和删除。，可能增加和删除。冠词冠词：(2016全国全国卷卷)At the first,I thought I knew everything and(2016全国全国卷卷)But in that case,we will learn little about world.the 介词介词：(2017全国全国卷卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2014全国全国卷卷)We can lie on the grass for a
8、 rest,or sit by the lake listening music.to 符号符号toto：(2012课标卷课标卷)I could make my toys to last.(2017全国全国卷卷)When summer comes,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!to(2)增加增加人称人称代词和代词和物主物主代词。代词。人称人称代词：代词：(2016全国全国卷卷)At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to
9、turn to whenever need help.物主物主代词：代词：(2015全国全国卷卷)Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Ihis(3)可能删除可能删除副副词和词和助助动词。动词。副副词：词：(2017全国全国卷卷)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.助助动词：动词：(2015全国全国卷卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a ver
10、y serious problem.(变被动为主动变被动为主动)注：注：需要增删的需要增删的8个考点也可这样记：介连冠，个考点也可这样记：介连冠，符号符号to，人称物主和副助。，人称物主和副助。常用词，要辨析，常用词，要辨析，还有还有其他其他比较级比较级。2.十一情况，考虑修改十一情况，考虑修改动词动词形形，名词，名词数，连、冠、介、代、数，连、冠、介、代、数，再加再加词性误；词性误；(1)动词动词形，形，名词名词数。数。动词动词形：形：无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，动词错误就是原形、一般现在时、第三人称单动词错误就是原形、一般现在时、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现
11、在分词、过去分词、动名数形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词等动词形式的错误。如：词等动词形式的错误。如：(2017全国全国卷卷)Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders,but once I started the car,my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.went(2017全国全国卷卷)The instructor kept repeating the words,“Speed up!”“S
12、low down!”“Turning left!”(2017全国全国卷卷)In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,which is on the rooftop of their house.interestedTurn名词名词数：数：主要考查单复数的错误。如：主要考查单复数的错误。如：(2017全国全国卷卷)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(2016全国全国卷卷)The te
13、enage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.yearsinformation(2)代冠介数连词误代冠介数连词误。连连词：词：(2016全国全国卷卷)If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.冠冠词词：(2016全国全国卷卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.介介词：词：(2015全国全国卷卷
14、)Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.aandwith代代词词：(2016全国全国卷卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steadily.数数词词：(2017全国全国卷卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.e
15、ighteenthhis词性误词性误：考得最多的是形容词与副词的混用。考得最多的是形容词与副词的混用。如：如：(2016全国全国卷卷)Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady.(2017全国全国卷卷)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes,playing pop music,and collecting the latest music albums.steadilydifferent(2016全国全国卷卷)My uncle tells me that the k
16、ey to his success is honest.honesty(3)常用词，要常用词，要辨析辨析。(2016全国全国卷卷)It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.much(4)还有还有其他其他比较级比较级。其他其他：主要指主要指anything与与everything,somewhere与与everywhere等。如：等。如：(2014全国全国卷卷)Since thenfor all these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they pleas
17、e.As a result,the plants are growing somewhere.(2013全国全国卷卷)She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.everywherewell比较等级比较等级：指形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级之间的误用。如：指形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级之间的误用。如：(2016全国全国卷卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life.worst(2012课标卷课标卷)I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.(2009大纲大纲卷卷)The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone.less oldTHANK YOU!
