1、教教学学1.对产妇及胎儿有害需要禁止的措施2.有利应提倡的措施二.讨论分析现有护理实践标准与国际标准间的不同，按国际标准操作的可行性与困难循循证证护护理理E EV VI ID DE ENNC CE EG G 子吗？为什么？为什么不？第一产程第二产程tomy is associated with poor healing,and longer hospital stays.Episiotomies should only be done where clinically required.常常规规的的会会阴阴切切开开术术带带来来愈愈合合不不良、良、住住院院时时间间延延长长等。等。只只有有在在有有
2、医医学学指指征征时时才才能能应应用用会会阴阴切切开。开。选选择择性性（限限制制应应用）用）They are uncomfortable,make a mess,and are of no benefit.Enemas should be used only if requested.常常规规的的灌灌肠。肠。ng.This is degrading and of no demonstrable benefit.剃剃除除阴阴毛。毛。没没有有益益处，处，使使产产妇妇感感到到不不舒舒适。适。4.Withholding oral fluids.This is uncomfortable and unju
3、stified.分分娩娩过过程程中中限限制制喝喝水。水。这这使使产产妇妇不不舒舒适适并并没没有有证证据。据。cial rupture of the membranes(AROM).Painful,and of no value unless progress in labor is abnormal.常常规规人人工工破破膜。膜。带带来来疼疼痛，痛，对对正正常常分分娩娩无无益。益。n for delivery.Affects blood flow in the uterus and interferes with progress of second stage of labor.仰仰卧卧位位分
4、分娩娩。这这减减少少子子宫宫血血流流供供给给并并妨妨碍碍第第二二产产程程进进展展对对产产妇妇及及胎胎儿儿有有不不恰恰当当应应当当laboring woman to a different room at onset of second stage在在第第二二产产程程常常规规的的搬搬动动产产妇妇到到另另一一房房间间（产产房）房）8.Encouraging woman to push when full dilation or nearly full dilation of cervix has been diagnosed,before woman feels urge to bear down
5、在在产产妇妇还还不不想想用用力力时时就就指指导导产产妇妇屏屏气气用用力力有有利利应应提提ovided by a family member or lay carer during labour.This improves maternal satisfaction,shortens labourand improves breastfeeding.It also reduces the need for pain relief and assisted delivery.由由家家庭庭成成员员或或专专业业人人员员提提供供陪陪伴伴分分娩。娩。这这增增加加产产妇妇满满意意度，度，缩缩短短产产程程并并
6、增增加加母母乳乳喂喂养养成成功功率。率。减减轻轻分分娩娩时时疼疼痛，痛，并并减减少少助助产产手手术。术。有有利利应应提提ring labour.This shortens labourand reduces the need for pain relief and assisted deliveries.产产妇妇在在产产程程中中可可自自由由活活动。动。可可缩缩短短产产程，程，减减轻轻疼疼痛，痛，减减少少助助产产手手术。术。第第一一产产程程和和第第二二产产程程体体位：位：自自由由体体位，位，直直立立（坐，坐，站，站，跪，跪，蹲，蹲，手手膝膝俯俯卧卧位）位），或或侧侧卧卧位，位，避避免免仰仰卧卧位
7、位*截截石石位位有有利利应应提提ics for preterm,prelabourrupture of membranes.They improve maternal and neonatal outcomes早产儿常规应用抗菌素。.4.Keeping the umbilical cord cleanat delivery.Poor hygiene is associated with neonatal tetanus and sepsis.无菌断脐有有利利应应提提鞋，鞋，围围裙，裙，眼眼镜镜（防防水，水，防防血）血）洗洗手手 Wash womans perineum with soap and water and keep it clean用用肥肥皂皂和和清清水水清清洗洗会会阴阴部部保保持持清清洁洁 Ensure that surface on which newborn is delivered is kept clean 保保持持新新生生儿儿娩娩出出后后在在洁洁净净的的地地方方 High-level disinfect instruments,gauze and ties for cutting cord严严格格无无菌菌断断脐脐有有益益程晚用力 Delayed cord clamping 晚断脐（脐带搏动停止后或胎盘娩出后）总总结结有有益益的的措措施施中中医医盆盆
