1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）动词分：动词分：谓语动词谓语动词 非谓语动词：非谓语动词：to do sth.V-ingp.p.不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态形形 式式主主 动动被被 动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完
2、成进完成进行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone不定式的时态不定式的时态 1.不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to doI am glad to see you.He has decided to give her some money.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。在它之后发生。2.不定式的进行式不定式的进行式to be doingI happened to be c
3、ooking when the telephone rang.当电话铃响时，我恰巧在烧饭。当电话铃响时，我恰巧在烧饭。The boy pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in.当他母亲进来时，那孩子假装在睡觉。当他母亲进来时，那孩子假装在睡觉。表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。作同时发生。3.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have doneIm sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.不定式
4、所表示的动作发生在谓语动作不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。或状态之前。不定式的语态不定式的语态主动语态主动语态 to do被动语态被动语态 to be doneMany graduates want to be sent to Tibet.许多大学毕业生想被分到西藏去。许多大学毕业生想被分到西藏去。几对易混淆的词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事忘记去做某事doing sth.忘记已做了某事忘记已做了某事remember to do sth.记得去做某
5、事记得去做某事doing sth.记得曾经做某事记得曾经做某事Tell the function of“to fly”in the following sentences.1.To fly was my dream.2.I want to fly in the sky.3.My plan is to fly across the Atlantic Ocean.4.I wear wings to fly like a bird.5.We have a lot of food and medicine to fly to the area.subjectobjectpredicativeadver
6、bialattributive动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用Functions of Infinitive 1 主语主语(subject)2 表语表语(predicative)3 宾语宾语(object)4 宾补宾补(object complement)5 定语定语(attribute)6 状语状语(adverbial)7 独立结构独立结构(absolute construction)1 不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject)To get there by bike will take us half an hour.Its stupid of you to write down ev
7、erything the teacher says.1.主语主语 to do sth.+V单单+宾语宾语 It is+表语表语+（for/of sb.）to do sth.(of说明人的本质属性；说明人的本质属性；for说明事物的本说明事物的本质属性质属性)e.g To have a walk is a pleasure.It is a pleasure for me to have a walk.It is very kind of you to say so.My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor
8、.2 不定式作表语不定式作表语 (predicative)2.表语表语主语主语+系动词系动词+to do sth.e.g His job is to help me deal with the letters.She seemed to be tired.You are to clean up the office.当主语有当主语有do时，表语的不定式符号时，表语的不定式符号to 可以可以省略省略。e.g The first thing she did was go to her teacher and say“thanks”.All you have to do is(to)finish t
9、he job quickly.Seeing is to believe.To see is believing.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。等后作表语。The driver failed to see the other car intime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。3
10、不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (object)句型：句型：think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,
11、want,wish。主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补（宾补（adj./n.）to do sth当不定式作宾语，句子有宾补时，需用当不定式作宾语，句子有宾补时，需用it 作形式宾语，把不定式放在宾补之后。作形式宾语，把不定式放在宾补之后。e.g I think it wise to ask him for help.类似动词有：类似动词有：think,believe,imagine,suppose,make,guess,consider,find,feel等。等。4 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 (object complement)My boss told me to type out two le
12、tters.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等+sb to do sth listen to hearwatch 五看五看 seelook at observenotice三三使使letmakehave二听二听一感觉一感觉:feel+sb do sth（不带不带to）1.They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.Th
13、e boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原：2.Mother made John wash the car for a week.John was made to wash the car for a week.不定式做宾补时不带不定式做宾补时不带to的情况的情况1不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词(feel,hear,listen to,watch,look at,notice,observe)后；后；2使役动词使役动词(let,have,make)后边作后边作宾补时宾补时,
14、省去省去to,但是在被动语态中但是在被动语态中要还原要还原to；3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1.She could do nothing but cry.2.I have no choice but to go.3.What do you like to dobesides sleep.5 不定式作定语不定式作定语 (attribute)In my family my mother is the fi
15、rst one to get up.Please give me some paper to write on.1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后词或代词之后,即名词即名词/代词代词+to do sth.(他们之间构成了主谓他们之间构成了主谓/动宾动宾/同位等关同位等关系系)(a)Theres no one to take care of her.(b)We need someone to go and get a doctor.不定式作定语不定式作定语2.something,anything,nothing,everything 等复合不定代词常用不
16、定式做等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1)Have you had anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Have you had anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）eg:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come
17、 here only to say good-bye to you.1.表示目的表示目的:to in order to so as to不定式作状语不定式作状语对比：现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然对比：现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的，意料之中的结果。的，意料之中的结果。Her husband died ten years ago,leaving her with three children to look after.3.表示原因表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,
18、foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed 等。等。eg:Im so sorry to hear about your failure on business.I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club.To tell the truth,I am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7独立结构独立结构(ab
19、solute construction)1.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!(2007辽宁辽宁)A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving Multiple choice 2.-Can I smoke here?-Sorry.We dont allow _ here.(2007江苏江苏)A.people smokingB.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking 3.-Robert is indeed a wise man.-Oh,yes.How often I have regrett
20、ed _ his advice!(2007安徽安徽)A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking 4.It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(2006浙江浙江)A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see5.Is it time you got down to _ the papers?(2006重庆）重庆）A.mark B.be markedC.being marked D.marking6.The director had
21、 her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.(2008全国全国II)A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up7.-Did the book give the information you needed?-Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.(2008北京北京)A.to find B.find C.to finding D.finding 8.I feel greatly honored _ into their society.(2008北京北
22、京)A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed 9.Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced _ their homes.(2008上海春上海春)A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left 10.If theres a lot of work _,I am happy to just keep on until it is finished.(2008上海上海)A.to do B.to
23、 be doing C.done D.doing 11.My English teachers humor was_ make every student burst intolaughter.(2008江西江西)A.so as to B.such as to C.such that D.so that12._ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(2008湖南湖南)A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.To complete 13.The message is ver
24、y important,so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.(2008陕陕西西)A.to be sent B.to send C.being sent D.sending 14.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.(2007 重庆卷重庆卷)A.is said to be buying B.is said to have bought C.had said to buy D.has sai
25、d to have bought15.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _.(2008 全国卷全国卷)A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed16.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.(2010 山东卷山东卷)A.completing B.to complete C.completed D.being completed17.In many peop
26、les opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant _.(2010 四川卷四川卷)A.to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with 18.More TV programs,according to government officials,will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety.(2011重庆重庆)A.to raise B.raisingC.to have raised D.having
27、raised不定式做宾补时不带不定式做宾补时不带to的情况的情况1不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词(feel,hear,listen to,watch,look at,notice,observe)后；后；2使役动词使役动词(let,have,make)后边作宾补时后边作宾补时,省去省去to,但是在被动语态中要还原但是在被动语态中要还原to；3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果如果这些介词前有行为动词这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么介词那么介词后的不定式不带后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1.He told us whe
28、ther _ a picnic was still under discussion.(2009四川四川)A.to have B.having C.have D.had2.The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.(2009安徽安徽)A.produced B.being produced C.to be produced D.having been produced3.Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it
29、_.(2009湖南湖南)A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.to be reused4.Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,_ reduce unemployment pressures.(2009江苏江苏)A.help B.to have helped C.to help D.having helped 5._,yo
30、u need to give all you have and try your best.(2009辽宁辽宁)A.Being a winner B.To be a winner C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner6.The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.(2009全国全国I)A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at7.We are invited to a party _ in our
31、club next Friday.(2009山东山东)A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding8.David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.(2009上海上海)A.to be reported B.reporting C.to report D.having reported9._ the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.(2009天津天津)A.Competing B.Hav
32、ing completed C.To have completed D.To complete10.All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.(2009北京北京)A.presenting B.presentedC.being presented D.to present11.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my
33、dad.(2010全国全国I)A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought12.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(2010江西江西)A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discovered D.being discovered 13.We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.(2010辽宁辽宁)A.finding B.to find C.find D.to b
34、e found14.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.(2010山东山东)A.completing B.to complete C.completed D.being completed15.His first book _ next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西陕西)A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published16.In many peoples opinion,that company,tho
35、ugh relatively small,is pleasant _.(2010四川四川)A.to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with17.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _ first is the library.(2010重庆重庆)A.repaired B.being repaired C.repairing D.to be repaired18.This is the only way we can imagine _ the ove
36、ruse of water in students bathrooms.(2010上海上海)A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce19.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.(2011 安徽安徽)A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break20.Its important for the figures _ regularly.(2011 北京北京)A.to be updated B.
37、to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated21.The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.(2011 湖南湖南)A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed22.Passeagers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(2011 天津天津)A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态形形 式式主主 动动被被 动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进完成进行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone
