1、20202020年高考阅读浅谈年高考阅读浅谈（山东山东/全国全国1/2/3/江苏卷）江苏卷）课程标准之英语学科核心素养课程标准之英语学科核心素养0103语言能力词汇、语法、语篇、语用知识等文化意识中外文化知识和百科知识0204学习能力 阅读和理解信息的能力思维品质逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力、创新思维能力ABCED理理解具解具体信体信息息推理判断能力推理判断能力推断单词或短语含义的能力推断单词或短语含义的能力理解主旨要理解主旨要义义理解作者理解作者的观点、态度的观点、态度理解文理解文章结构、类型章结构、类型F理解词汇理解词汇理解目的理解目的G2020年新高考山东卷话题话题体裁体裁来源来源词数词
2、数难度难度A A人与社会：人与社会：诗歌邀请赛诗歌邀请赛应用文应用文外文网站外文网站192+72=264192+72=264易易B B人与自我：人与自我：努力就会有努力就会有回报回报记叙文记叙文美国威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校官网314+119=432314+119=432易易C C人与社会：人与社会：介绍一本有关乌介绍一本有关乌兹别克斯坦游记兹别克斯坦游记的书的书说明文说明文The Economist 经济学人杂志2003年年8月刊月刊294+89=383294+89=383中中D D人与自我：人与自我：就餐同伴对饮食就餐同伴对饮食习惯的影响习惯的影响说明文说明文时代周刊TIME2009年年9月
3、刊月刊322+131=453322+131=453中中20202020全国卷全国卷I I全国卷全国卷IIII全国卷全国卷IIIIII江苏卷江苏卷A A应用文应用文：列车服务信息 应用文应用文：英国湖区景点指南应用文应用文：与四学者探游四国景点应用文应用文：抗击新冠肺炎B议论文议论文：重读喜欢的书说明文：说明文：玩拼图能提高孩子的数学思维能力记叙文记叙文：拍摄动物主题电影时保护动物 说明文说明文：公共电话亭重返英国街头C C说明文说明文：有关竞走，科学锻炼身体说明文说明文：海狸皮毛制作服装说明文说明文：有关英国最新的变化居住趋势：多代同住说明文说明文：早餐前后运动对身体的影响D D说明文说明文：
4、植物的积极作用记叙文记叙文：”我”与图书馆的不解之缘说明文说明文：人类进化，基因突变以适应环境记叙文记叙文：已知与未知人与社会人与自我人与社会人与自然人与社会人与社会人与自然人与自我人与社会人与自然人与自我人与自然人与社会人与社会人与自我人与自我 山东卷vs江苏卷 江苏卷：江苏卷：篇幅长，信息容量大篇幅长，信息容量大是其显著是其显著特色。特色。绝大部分题目需考生通过获取绝大部分题目需考生通过获取、概括、整合、比较、分析、概括、整合、比较、分析、批判等体现逻辑性、批判性和批判等体现逻辑性、批判性和创新性的创新性的思维思维活动。活动。山东卷：山东卷：两个变化两个变化：（1 1）阅读理解）阅读理解分
5、值增加分值增加！总分总分5050分分。单个题目分值由每题。单个题目分值由每题2 2分分增加至每题增加至每题2.52.5分！分！（2 2）“阅读理解阅读理解”改名为改名为“阅阅读。读。2020新高考新高考I卷卷2020江苏卷阅读词数题目个数阅读词数题目个数A A 192+72=264 192+72=264 3 3A A 209+712B B 314+119=432 314+119=432 4 4B B 398+1153C C 294+89=383 294+89=383 4 4C C 405+1504D D 322+131=453 322+131=453 4 4D D 646+2216七选五 22
6、8+665总量1350+47720总量1658+55715相差少308+80多5 典 型 例 题（以山东卷为主）（以山东卷为主）山东卷题目题目题目类型类型语篇语篇注意注意正答率正答率1细节理解A把握关键词60.212细节理解进行信息检索90.33细节理解59.524细节理解B找准定位词89.355细节理解87.96细节理解79.527推理判断58.448细节理解C注重段落结构82.769词义指代和篇章结构68.5710推理判断41.6311主旨大意75.0312主旨大意D长难句分析69.8813词义猜测45.0414推理判断79.5415推理判断76.31细节细节 7推理推理 4词义词义 2主
7、旨主旨 2山东卷A篇 1 细节理解题 正答率60.21%Prizes 3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington,D.C.for each of three winners,a parent and one other person of the winners choice.Trip includes round-trip air,hotel stay for two nights,and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.1.H
8、ow many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Six a parent a parent 是易错点，相似的注意是易错点，相似的注意a couplea couple，a twina twin，twins twins 等表达等表达错因：题干审题不清错因：题干审题不清 信息理解失误信息理解失误山东卷A篇 3 细节理解题 正答率59.52%3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?A.Typing yo
9、ur poem out.B.Writing a poem of 120 words.C.Using both sides of the paper.D.Mailing your entry on October 30.Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.l Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.Your poem can be any format,any number of lines.l Write by hand or type on a single sheet
10、of paper.You may use both the front and back of the paper.l On the same sheet of paper,write or type your name,address,telephone number,and birth date.l Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.可用可用构词法构词法知识，词根是知识，词根是qualifyqualify，-cation-cation是名词性后缀，是名词性后缀，dis-dis-是表示否定的前缀，是表示否定的前缀，可推测出可推测出di
11、squalificationdisqualification是是“不合格不合格”的意思。的意思。ABC 答非所问答非所问山东卷B篇 7推理判断题 正答率58.44%l Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree.l Mauer,of Edgar,W
12、isconsin,grew up on a farmAfter high school,Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition（学费）,because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.l Through it all,she remained
13、 in good academic standing and graduated with honors.However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats pretty powerful.7.What can we learn from Jenifers story?A.Time is mone
14、y.B.Love breaks down barriers.C.Hard work pays off.D.Education is the key to success.近几年新变化：四个选项换成四句谚语近几年新变化：四个选项换成四句谚语关键词不再是唯一标准关键词不再是唯一标准，着重考察概括归纳能力。，着重考察概括归纳能力。概括段落大意，把握篇章主旨。概括段落大意，把握篇章主旨。无中生有无中生有曲解文意曲解文意无中生有无中生有山东卷C篇 10推理判断 正答率68.57%10.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip
15、in Uzbekistan?A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspe
16、cted of drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral（葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.eventful:full of interesting or important events“曲折丰富且充满故事的曲折丰富且充满故事的”与其余三个选项属与其余三个选项属于包含
17、与被包含的关系。于包含与被包含的关系。以偏概全以偏概全以偏概全以偏概全以偏概全以偏概全山东卷C篇 9 词义指代题 正答率68.57%In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an arti
18、cle about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which 9.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Developing a serious mental disease.B.Taking a gu
19、ided tour in Central Asia.C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.代词位置代词位置 上下文上下文寻信息寻信息 明确明确代词指代代词指代。AC AC未正确定位有效信息未正确定位有效信息无中生有无中生有定位错误定位错误山东卷D篇 12主旨大意题 正答率 69.88%According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption hab
20、its of our eating companions can influence our food intake 12.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.说明文说明文:para1/2:para1/2一般会提出一般会提出main ideamain idea提示词：提示词：findings,research,survey,study;indicate,show,findings,research,survey,stu
21、dy;indicate,show,find/found etcfind/found etc.无中生有无中生有以偏概全以偏概全以偏概全以偏概全13.What does the underlined word beanpoles in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters B.Overweight persons C.Picky eaters D.Tall thin persons According to And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
22、people who order large portions（份）,its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.山东卷山东卷D D篇篇 第第1313题题 正答率正答率 45.04%45.04%长难句分析长难句分析2 2后置定语后置定语that that 引导定语从句引导定语从句长难句分析2 And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions,
23、its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.状语（省略状语（省略be）who who 引导定语从句引导定语从句本题出错原因在于不会分析句子成分，首先本题出错原因在于不会分析句子成分，首先contrary to contrary to 引导的状语从句里包含了引导的状语从句里包含了两个定语从句，真正的主句又是一个省略两个定语从句，真正的主句又是一个省略thatthat的强调句型，给学生造成很大干扰。的强调句型，给学生造成很大干扰。省略that的强调句13.What does the underlined word be
24、anpoles in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters B.Overweight persons C.Picky eaters D.Tall thin persons 猜测词义题 注意注意 合成词 beanpole：bean+pole（杆）（杆）与文中与文中para1中中heavier people 相反相反 AB曲解文意，没有理解contrary to；C挑食者属于无中生有 According to And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
25、 people who order large portions（份）,its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.山东卷山东卷D D篇篇 第第1313题题 正答率正答率 45.04%45.04%长难句分析长难句分析2 233.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A.To detect plants lack of water B.To change compositions of plants C.
26、To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors
27、printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.推理判断题推
28、理判断题本题考查对长难句长难句的理解。These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.主句“These include plants and a plant”that分别引导两个定语从句，when 引导时间状语从句，把握出主干部分即可。C项无中生有，B和D定位错误曲解文意。全国I D“发光植物”长难句分析长难句分析3主语主语
29、谓语谓语宾语宾语thatthat引导引导定语从句定语从句目的状语目的状语when引导引导 时间状语从句时间状语从句 备 考 建 议双线并进，多轮次滚动双线并进，多轮次滚动关注构词法关注构词法(课表词汇的派生、转化、合成课表词汇的派生、转化、合成)学会做减法！学会做减法！C In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell aught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,sti
30、ll attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to K
31、arakalpakstan,where millions of lives have be destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-yearold who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his h
32、osts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also is darker side of society.In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of
33、 drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skilfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a wel
34、l-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the p
35、urest of Central Asian traditions.新课标词汇新课标词汇表上是找不表上是找不到的，他们到的，他们都是课标词都是课标词汇的汇的派生；派生；合成；合成；转化。转化。新高考全国卷新高考全国卷IC篇篇physics-physicallyappear-disappearancetranslate-translatorcolor-colorfulfriendly-friendlinesswarm-warmtharchitect-architecturaldeal-dealingdrink-drinkingsad-saddenskill-skillfullyhistorich
36、istoricaljudge-judgementdecide-decidedlyreport-reportageinvite-invitationgain-regainevent-eventfulculture-cultural A篇篇determine-determinationgeography-geographichonour-honourablequalification-disqualificationphotobiography B篇篇nurse-nursingschool-schoolingstand-standingtechnique-technicalgraduate-gra
37、duationinspire-inspirationpower-powerfulpromote-promotionfirst-generationwillpower新高考全国卷新高考全国卷ID篇篇consume-consummerexist-existingundergraduateviewershipparticipate-participantoverweightpick-picky山东卷文本涉及的新课标词汇中新增词汇hence:因此阅读C篇romantic:与爱情有关的/文学或音乐风格 阅读C篇consumption消费，消耗出处阅读D篇 snack:小吃，快餐，零食阅读D篇 influ
38、ential:有影响的，有势力的阅读D篇perceive:1注意到2理解为，认为阅读D篇15题C项anticipate:期待，预期，预料七选五shit:转移，移动;改变七选五minor:较小少的，轻微的七选五core:果核，核心，最重要的部分语法填空山东卷文本涉及的新课标词汇中新增词汇山东卷文本涉及的新课标词汇中新增词汇hence:因此因此阅读阅读C篇篇romantic:与爱情有关的与爱情有关的/文学或音乐风格文学或音乐风格阅读阅读C篇篇consumption消费，消耗出处消费，消耗出处阅读阅读D篇篇 snack:小吃，快餐，零食小吃，快餐，零食阅读阅读D篇篇 influential:有影响的
39、，有势力的有影响的，有势力的阅读阅读D篇篇perceive:1注意到注意到2理解为，认为理解为，认为阅读阅读D篇篇15题题C项项anticipate:期待，预期，预料期待，预期，预料七选五七选五shit:转移，移动转移，移动;改变改变七选五七选五minor:较小少的，轻微的较小少的，轻微的七选五七选五core:果核，核心，最重要的部分果核，核心，最重要的部分语法填空语法填空2017-2019年入选的报刊篇数年入选的报刊篇数2020年外媒来源次数最多年外媒来源次数最多Top 53132长难句分析长难句分析1 1 In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the archit
40、ectural wonders,while（on his way to Bukhara）he gets a taste of police methods（when suspected of drug dealing.）In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral（followed by a strange drinking party）.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats（stuck miles from the sea）.3个地点状语个地点状语 转折连词转折连词 主 谓 宾 主 谓 宾When引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 主 谓 宾过去分词短语做后置定语 主 谓 补
