1、宾语从句基本用法嘉陵区石楼小学罗朝伦一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 我们已经学过名词、动名词、代词或不定式形式都我们已经学过名词、动名词、代词或不定式形式都可以作宾语。如：可以作宾语。如：I have a book.My brother bought it.I like reading the book.I want to remember it.这这时宾语可以用一个单词或短语表达，我们就直接把该单时宾语可以用一个单词或短语表达，我们就直接把该单词或短语放置于动词后面做宾语。词或短语放置于动词后面做宾语。但是，如果要表达但是，如果要表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了我知道你昨天去看电影了”，就
2、无法用一个单词来表达就无法用一个单词来表达“你昨天去看电影了你昨天去看电影了”，这是，这是一个完整的句子，只能用句子表达，即：一个完整的句子，只能用句子表达，即：I know(that)you saw a movie yesterday.这种放在动词后面作宾语的这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子，就叫做宾语从句。句子，就叫做宾语从句。二、宾语从句三要素连接词语 序时 态（一）（一）连接词连接词1.that 引导引导2.whether/if 引导引导3.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导
3、的宾语从句.（原句是陈述句）注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hope(that)_.（今年冬天能下雪）今年冬天能下雪）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.4.（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转）it will snow this winter he missed us very much the earth goes around the sun由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句（原句是一般疑问句）1.I want to know _.（他
4、是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）if/whether he will go to the park with us whether/if he can come whether it is going to rain or not注意注意:只用只用whetherwhether不用不用ifif的四的四种情况种情况1.1.在带在带toto的动词不定式前的动词不定式前He doesnt know whether He doesnt know whether to go to the to go to the moviesmov
5、ies or or to watch TV to watch TV at home.at home.2.2.在介词后在介词后Im thinking Im thinking ofof whether we should go fishing.whether we should go fishing.3.3.直接与直接与or notor not连用时连用时I dont know whether I dont know whether I have seen him I have seen him or notor not.4.4.句子开头一定句子开头一定用用whetherwhetherWhethe
6、rWhether this is true or not,I cant say.this is true or not,I cant say.练习练习1.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.(1.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.(改为含有宾改为含有宾语从句的复合句语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to knowLi Lei wants to know _ _ Peter _here yesterday.Peter _here yesterday.2.I
7、s Lingling a student?I dont know.2.Is Lingling a student?I dont know.I dont know _ or not.I dont know _ or not.3.3.我不知道明天是否会下雨。我不知道明天是否会下雨。I dont know _ or not.I dont know _ or not.whether/if camewhether Lingling is a studentwhether it will rain torrow由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词 when,where,
8、how,why引导的宾语从句1.He asked _.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会）5.Can you tell me _?（他在哪儿）6.Could you tell me _?（我该怎么去车站）7.Would you tell me _?（为什么火车迟到了）who could answer the question who(m)they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the cla
9、ss when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late（二）语序：陈述句语序在宾语从句中一定要用陈述句语序。We dont know what he said?(他说的什么)把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中，我们要做好两步：把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中，我们要做好两步：1.1.移。就是把特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词移到句子中来移。就是把特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词移到句子中来;2.2.变。就是把特殊疑问词后面的一般疑问句变为陈述句语序。变。就是把特殊疑问词后面的一般疑问句变为陈
10、述句语序。e.g.How can I get to the park?I dont know.e.g.How can I get to the park?I dont know.首先，我们把主句找出来，即：首先，我们把主句找出来，即：I dont know.I dont know.那么接下来是：我不知道什那么接下来是：我不知道什么呢？后面就需要一个宾语从句，而后面的句子是以特殊疑问词么呢？后面就需要一个宾语从句，而后面的句子是以特殊疑问词 How How 来来引导，所以，引导，所以，第一步把特殊疑问词第一步把特殊疑问词移移下来变为：下来变为：I dont know how.I dont kno
11、w how.第二步看剩下的部分：第二步看剩下的部分：can I get to the park?can I get to the park?是一个一般疑问句，要是一个一般疑问句，要变变成成陈述句，即把主语放到前面：陈述句，即把主语放到前面：I can get to the park.I can get to the park.那么这句话就变成了：那么这句话就变成了：I dont know how I can get to the park.I dont know how I can get to the park.练习练习 1.Where is Tony from?I dont know.1.
12、Where is Tony from?I dont know._ _ 2.How old is Lingling?Miss Li wants to know.2.How old is Lingling?Miss Li wants to know._ _ 3.When will my father come back?I cant tell you.3.When will my father come back?I cant tell you._ _ 4.Where is the bus stop?The man asks.4.Where is the bus stop?The man asks
13、._ _I dont knowwhereTony is from.Miss Li wants to knowhow oldLingling is.I cant tell youwhenmy father will come back.The man asks wherethe bus stop is.（三）宾语从句中的时态（三）宾语从句中的时态1.1.当主句是一般现在时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。当主句是一般现在时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。e.g.e.g.I know he is a teacher.I know he is a teacher.I know he w
14、as a teacher three years ago.I know he was a teacher three years ago.I know he was been a teacher for 3 years.I know he was been a teacher for 3 years.I know he will be a teacher in the future.I know he will be a teacher in the future.2.主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句一一般般只能用只能用过去的某种过去的某种时态（一般过去时，时态
15、（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去将来时，过去完成时）.e.g.He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.I said I was reading a book at that moment.He said he would go home.3.当当宾语从句所陈述的是客观宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实、自然事实、自然现象或一般真理时现象或一般真理时，即使主句用了，即使主句用了过去时过去时，从句仍用从句仍用 一般现在一般现在时态时态。e.g.The teacher said that the earth goes a
16、round the sun.将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.“Where is Tom?”They asked.2.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.3.“I am doing my homework.”He said.4.“I will come back.”Tom said.They asked He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would co
17、me back.where Tom was.当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等时，从句的否定要转移到主句中。I dont think she is right.我认为她不对。我相信他不会通过考试。注意二：否定转移I dont believe he will pass the exam.例题解析例题解析1.Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2019.1.Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2019.A.where does she live B.Where she lives A.where does s
18、he live B.Where she livesC.where did she live D.where she livedC.where did she live D.where she lived 【解析解析】答案：】答案：D D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D D。2.Would you please tell me _?2.Would you please tell me _?A.when did he come home B.where he would pla
19、y A.when did he come home B.where he would play footballfootball C.if he had seen the film D.why he didnt watch C.if he had seen the film D.why he didnt watch the gamethe game 【解析解析】答案：】答案：D D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。语序和一般过去
20、时。例题解析例题解析3.I dont know when _.3.I dont know when _.A.will the train leave B.the train will leave A.will the train leave B.the train will leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave 【解析解析】答案：】答案：B B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B B在语在语序和时态上符合要求
21、。序和时态上符合要求。4.-We dont know _.4.-We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A.what he is B.if he lives here A.what he is B.if he lives here C.where he comes from D.which country is he from C.where he comes from D.which country is he from 【解析解析】答案：】答案：
22、C C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有贯性。只有C C符合要求。符合要求。例题解析例题解析5 5 Could you tell me Could you tell me?A AMrs.King where lives B.where does Mrs.King Mrs.King where lives B.where does Mrs.King liveliveC Cwhere Mrs.King lives D.Mrs.King lives wherewhere Mrs.King lives D.Mrs.King lives
23、 where答案答案 C.C.析析 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。6 6-Can you tell me -Can you tell me?Sure,Shes a nurse?Sure,Shes a nurseA Awho is your sister Bwho is your sister Bwho your sister is who your sister is C Cwhat is your sister Dwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister iswhat your sister is答案答案 D.D.析析 wh
24、o who 问的是姓名，如：问的是姓名，如：Who is he?He is Smith Who is he?He is Smith 或或 He is He is my father.What my father.What 问的是职业，如：问的是职业，如：What is he?/what does he do?He is a What is he?/what does he do?He is a teacher.teacher.7 7 Could you tell me Could you tell me?A Awhen the train will arrive Bwhen the train
25、 will arrive Bwhen the train arrived when the train arrived C Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arriveswhen does the train arrives答案答案 A.A.析析 could could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。例题解析例题解析8 8.I dont know.I dont
26、know to read the word to read the wordA Awhich Bwhich Bwhat Cwhat Cwhose Dwhose Dhowhow答案答案 D.D.析析 因不定式因不定式 to read to read 中的中的 read read 是及物动是及物动词，已有自己的宾语词，已有自己的宾语 the word the word，所以应用疑问副词所以应用疑问副词 how how。9.I wonder 9.I wonder A Awhose bicycle is it Bwhose bicycle is it Bit is whose bicycleit is
27、 whose bicycleC Cis it whose bicycle Dis it whose bicycle Dwhose bicycle it iswhose bicycle it is答案答案 D.D.析析 wonder wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。1.Could you tell me we get to the place?Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk.Aif Bwho Cthat Dw
28、hat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow.A.that B.if C.what D.who 4.-Do you remember _ he came?-Yes,I do.He came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.ifAC解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词Exercises:BA5.Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needs Ddid Mum need6.Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere
29、is he Che is where Dwhat is he7.I want to know how long.Ahas he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe has come backCAC解题指导二：语序正常：连接词后紧跟主语+谓语，即宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time.Awill gohasBwill go will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had9.Do you know?A.what the news areB.what is the newsC.what the news is D.what are the news解题指导三:时态呼应若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。10.I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are goingC
