1、 Text A An Ounce of CureAlan NourseLearningLearning ObjectivesObjectivesLiterary Elements Critical Thinking Reading StrategiesIntercultural Competence Literary Elements Reading Strategies Allegory Un-intrusive third-person narration Irony,satireLearningLearning ObjectivesObjectives Look up the techn
2、ical terms in the text and consider the authors purpose Learn about the genre of the story Identify the rhetorical devices and consider their effect Critical Thinking LearningLearning ObjectivesObjectives Examine some of the traditional ideas and practices in Western and Chinese medicine Compare and
3、 critique creation myths from different cultures Compare cultural products from the East and West in light of the embedded ways of thinkingExamine and evaluate the assumptions of the doctors remarks Explain the authors approach of loading the story with medical jargonsUnderstand the dialectics of kn
4、owledge and ignorance and apply the understanding to the real world Intercultural CompetenceLead inLead inLearning new things is a very big part of our life,and the human pursuit of knowledge has always been a major motif of literature.Does knowledge always bring us nearer to the truth?Does ignoranc
5、e always mean lack of knowledge?Lead inLead inStephen Hawking warns us,“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance;it is the illusion of knowledge.”Confucius teaches us,“Real knowledge is to know the extent of ones ignorance.”Text A tells an absurdist story of a man with a pain in his toe who
6、gets trapped in a series of complex diagnostic procedures and referrals to specialists.Text B records the learning process of a man who was quite ignorant of his ignorance at the beginning.As you read the stories,think about whether knowledge serves to enlighten or confuse the characters?Does it mak
7、e them happy or miserable?Can you explain why?Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge1.About the AuthorAlan Nourse(19281992)was generally known as an American science fiction(SF)writer and physician.The story was published in 1963,and in the story a doctor says its 1972,which means that the story h
8、as a futuristic setting.Its not a typical science fiction as I understand the term,for science fiction,though hard to define,usually involves wilder imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology,space travel,time travel,parallel universes and extraterrestrial life.Background Knowled
9、geBackground KnowledgecontinuedYet it may be viewed as a story of science fiction in the sense that the author makes up a futuristic setting of extremely meticulous divisions of medicine to warn against such a trend,since science fiction also means,according to science fiction writer Robert A.Heinle
10、in,realistic speculation about possible future events,based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world,past and present,and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method.Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge2.Medical terms and expressionsBackground Knowl
11、edgeBackground KnowledgeBackground KnowledgeBackground Knowledge the Diagnostic Clinic(诊断科)the Therapeutic Clinic(治疗科)the Functional Clinic(功能科)Mitral Valve Clinic(二尖瓣科)Aortic Valve Clinic(主动脉瓣科)Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge psychoneuroticist 神经心理医生（a made-up word,possibly coined from Psy
12、choneurosis 精神神经病 or Neuropsychology 神经心理学）psychosociologist 社会心理医生（a made-up word;psycho plus sociologist）pituitary osmoreceptorologist 渗透压感受器专家（a word possibly coined from pituitary osmoreceptor 渗透压感受器）Part Para(s)Main idea I1-28Wheatley goes to see the doctor for a pain in his toe.II 29-53 With r
13、eferral of the doctor,Wheatley visits doctors specializing in different fields.III54-56Finally,Wheatley goes to a place for the cure of his toe where strong exotic flavor is felt.1.Text StructureText AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisRhetoric and styleText Structure1.Why do you think Wheatley“ha
14、d been palpitating for five days straight at the prospect”of coming to see the doctor?(Para.2)Part I Comprehension CheckPart I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis He was very nervous.2.Did Wheatley realize that it was a serious mistake on his part not having had a checkup in ten years and became really
15、 worried about that?(Para.13)Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis After hearing what the first doctor had said,Wheatley is certainly worried by his words,but not to the serious extent.3.Why did the doctor heave a sigh?(Para.15)Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis The doctor didnt think Wheatle
16、y gave enough attention to his health.4.Why did Wheatley“rubbed his toe on the chair leg”?(Para.18)Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis Wheatley“rubbed his toe on the chair leg”because he was upset by what the doctor said.5.The doctor at the beginning of the story frequently cut Wheatley short.Wh
17、y do you think he did this?Was he being rude,impatient,or otherwise?Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis He doesnt think Wheatleys complaints have much value.He has his own professional training of inquiring.6.Why did Wheatley ask the first doctor to take his blood pressure?(para.27)Part I Part I
18、IPart IIIDetailed Analysis He starts to feel worried and thinks that the doctor may take the blood pressure or do other check-ups to decide whether its inflammatory or something else.7.Do you find the first doctors enquiries and diagnoses sensible and logical?Is there anything he said that you might
19、 actually agree with?Do you find his advice professional?How competent a doctor do you think he was according to your criteria of a good doctor?Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis The doctors professional in the sense that he made the enquiries and diagnoses in a logical way.Of course the proble
20、m is that he always cut the patient short,relied too much on his theoretical hypotheses and wouldnt do any check-up to ascertain what was wrong with the toe.Therefore he is not a competent doctor.Part I Word Study1.palpitate(Para.2,line 1)verbif your heart palpitates,it beats quickly in an irregular
21、 way（心脏）悸动e.g.He felt suddenly faint,and his heart began to palpitate.e.g.The thought of flying makes me palpitate.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 2.straight(Para.2,line 1)adverb 1)happening one after the other in a series连续地，接连地e.g.He has been without sleep now for three days straight.2)imm
22、ediately,without delay,or without doing anything else first 立刻，马上Collocation:straight to/up/down/back etc.e.g.I went straight up to bed.e.g.I think I should get straight to the point.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 3.wiggle(Para.6,line 1)verbto move with small movements from side to side or
23、up and down,or to make something move like this 使摆动，使扭动 e.g.Henry wiggled his toes.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 4.leaf through something(Para.9,line 1)to turn the pages of a book quickly,without reading it properly 翻书页synonym:skim through e.g.She picked up the magazine and leafed through
24、it.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 5.heave(Para.15,line 1)verb 1)to pull or lift something very heavy with one great effort 举起Collocation:heave somebody/something out of/into/onto etc.something e.g.Alan heaved his suitcase onto his bed.Collocation:heave on/at e.g.We had to heave on the rope
25、holding the anchor to get it on board.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 2)to throw something heavy using a lot of effort John heaved the metal bar over the fence.投掷3)to move up and down with very strong movements 使起伏e.g.Michaels shoulders heaved with silent laughter.e.g.The sea heaved up and d
26、own beneath the boat.4)intransitive informal to vomit 呕吐e.g.I think Im gonna heave.Collocation:heave in sight/into view 出现；进入视线heave a sigh 长舒一口气Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis continued6.prop up(Para.20,line 1)verb 1)to prevent something from falling by putting something against it or under
27、 it 支住，支撑e.g.The builders are trying to prop up the crumbling walls of the church.2)to help an economy,industry,or government so that it can continue to exist,especially by giving money（用金钱）支持（政府），维持（经济）e.g.The government introduced measures to prop up the stock market.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed
28、 Analysis Collocation:prop yourself up(on/against/with)靠着（某物）站直靠着（某物）站直e.g.She propped herself up on one elbow.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis continued7.inflammatory (Para.26,line 2)adjective an inflammatory speech,piece of writing etc.is likely to make people feel angry e.g.inflammatory re
29、marks 有感染力的2)medical an inflammatory disease or medical condition causes inflammation 感染的e.g.inflammatory bowel diseasePart I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 1.“Fifty-five!”The doctor leafed through the medical record on his desk.“But this is incredible.You havent had a checkup in almost ten years!
30、”.(Para.9)Part I Sentence AnalysisPart I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis This italicization has an implied meaning.The doctor shows his incredulity.He believes 55 as a critical age but the man hasnt had a checkup for almost 10 years.2.“Of course you may be feeling well enough,but that doesnt mean e
31、verything is just the way it should be.And now,you see,youre having pains in your toes!”(Para.13)This italicization implies that the doctor doesnt believe he is actually well.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 3.“One toe today,perhaps,”said the doctor heavily.“But tomorrow”He heaved a sigh.(Par
32、a.15)“It might start as pain in one toe but lead to something more serious.”the doctor sighed.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis Paraphrase the sentence4.“I suppose I should have seen to it,”Wheatley admitted.(Para.21)“I suppose I should have had checkups in the past ten years.”Wheatley admitte
33、d.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis Paraphrase the sentence5.Well,of course I could do that,but thats not getting at the root of the trouble,is it?(Para.24)Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis This italicization implies that the doctor was shocked that the patient was“ignorant”to the extent
34、 that he asked only for something to stop the pain.According to the doctor,the root cause of the problem had to be found out first.6.“We have to think about those things,”said the doctor.(Para.26)The italization implies that Wheatley hasnt thought much about his own health.Part I Part IIPart IIIDeta
35、iled Analysis 1.What do you make of the red-headed doctors words about the X rays?How do you interpret his comment“Very interesting”?Does it sound like something a doctor would normally say to a patient?What do you think the doctor really intended?(Para.29)Part II Comprehension CheckPart I Part IIPa
36、rt IIIDetailed Analysis “Interesting”here might be a euphemism for something tricky,something difficult to handle.2.What is the grave-looking doctors specialism judging by what he said?Why did he cite Doctor Haddonfelds paper in the AMA Journal in such detail?Was he merely paying professional courte
37、sy?(Para.38)Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis He is an Orthopedic Radiologist(And I think he is a colleague of Dr.Schultzs).He mentions the article in details possibly because its his recent focus of attention,or in other words he is still thinking about it when he talks.3.What does“Dawn broke
38、 on the doctors face”mean in Para.43?Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis The doctor realized what Wheatley wanted to say.It only occurred to him that the patient just wants something to stop the pain.4.Wheatley had gone to Aortic Valve Clinic“by mistake”before he went to Mitral Valve Clinic.Why
39、does the author describe him as going“by mistake”?Can you give a more likely explanation?What does this suggest about modern medical science?(Para.44)Early on the doctor simply told Wheatley to go to the“Valve Clinic”,talking it for granted that Wheatley knew which valve clinic he should go.But it w
40、as unlikely for a layperson like Wheatley to know that there was a subdivision of“valve Clinic”and which one was the right one for him.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis Fortunately,there is no“Mitral Valve Clinic”,“Aortic Valve Clinic”or even“Valve Clinic”in the real world.The author makes the
41、m up as a good example to show how unnecessarily complicated and how confusing modern medical science has become.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis continued5.Why do the doctors refer Wheatley to their colleagues specializing in different fields?(Para.53)One sentence can account for all those r
42、eferrals:“Always best to let the expert handle the problem in his own field.”I think the quotation might be part of the long-term professional training they have received before they become doctors.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis Therefore I put the blame on the unnecessary branching of mode
43、rn medicine science,not on the doctors themselves.They are trained in this way.Its not their irresponsibility or something.Actually this article helps me to develop some empathy for the doctors in past news reports about doctors asking their patients to do a thorough checkup before making their diag
44、noses.I used to think,like what the reporters led us to believe,that they were just trying to make more money.But this article throws new light on those cases.Now I can see why the doctors think it reasonable and even necessary to do such checkups.They are trained in this way.Part I Part IIPart IIID
45、etailed Analysis continued6.What do you think of the doctors in the story?In what ways does the story challenge or confirm your own opinion about doctors?Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis Open.Part II Word Study1.mutter (Para.38,line 1)1)intransitive,transitive to speak in a low voice,especial
46、ly because you are annoyed about something,or you do not want people to hear you 咕哝；喃喃自语e.g.“I never want to come here again,”he muttered to himself.e.g.Elsie muttered something I couldnt catch and walked off.Collocation:mutter about e.g.What are you two muttering about?Part I Part IIPart IIIDetaile
47、d Analysis 2)intransitive to complain about something or express doubts about it,but without saying clearly and openly what you think 咕哝；抱怨地说Collocation:mutter about e.g.Some senators muttered darkly about the threat to national security.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis continued2.mumble (Par
48、a.38,line 7)to say something too quietly or not clearly enough,so that other people cannot understand you 含糊地说e.g.He bumped into someone and mumbled an apology.Synonym:mutterCollocation:mumble to yourself e.g.A woman on the corner was mumbling to herself.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 3.str
49、oke (Para.43,line 3)verb1)to move your hand gently over something 轻抚 e.g.He reached out and stroked her cheek tenderly.2)always+adverb/preposition to hit or kick a ball with a smooth movement in games such as tennis,golf,and cricket击球 e.g.He stroked the ball into an empty net,with a minute to go.3)t
50、o say nice things to someone to make them feel good 讨好，奉承e.g.He knew he had to tolerate Haley,stroke him some,and wait for his rage to subside.Part I Part IIPart IIIDetailed Analysis 4.thump(Para.44,line 3)1)transitive informal to hit someone very hard with your hand closed 捶击 e.g.If you dont shut u
