1、1 Unit 2 Daily Communication(I)Culture is a Bridge.Teaching Objectives1.To understand how language and culture are closely linked 2.To understand pragmatics in intercultural Communication3.Identify the cultural differences in addressing,greeting,conversational topics,visiting,parting,compliment and
2、response,gratitude and apology.Verbal intercultural communication“verbal”(pg.17)means“consisting of words”.Language,spoken or written,is a means of verbal communication.Verbal communication refers to the communication that is carried either in oral or in written form with the use of words.Verbal int
3、ercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.456789Appointment(pg.29)Questions:1.What is the timing for Richard make an appointment?Is it too early?2.How did Richard make an appointment politely?Mr.asked me to call him
4、appointmentNotify in advanceIn America any visit,whether it is to see a doctor,a professor,a friend and even a relative,is usually arranged by appointment.This is the courtesy to be observed.When an American is making an appointment,he/she tries to be polite,and leaves room for the other party to re
5、fuse if not convenient.I haven t seen you for a long time.I was wondering whether I could come round to visit you sometime.Id like to come and see you sometime.Would you be free one afternoon next week?Visiting SomeoneMealsTo show hospitality:The quantity and variety of the mealfar more than can be
6、eaten at the timerelate the meal size more accurately to the peoples appetiteAt the tableconstantly put the best piece of food on the visitors plateleave the guests to help themselves and do not keep urging them to eat more1516What would happen if the Chinese are invited to dinner by the westerner?W
7、hat would happen if the westerner visitors are in a Chinese home for dinner?17Showing Hospitality in Different WaysChineseWesternersChinese guests always refuse offer of drinks or food to demonstrate politeness in seeming not to wish to put their host to any trouble.Westerners always accept or refus
8、e offer of drinks or food very genuinely.Sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite remark.After we say no,we usually wait for the second and third offer.If the host just brings the food or drink and ignores no,we ill accept it.Their refusal is accepted as genuine.Westerners dont to press.T
9、o press people to have food or drink after they have refused is frowned upon and can cause embarrassments.Chinese like to press their guests to drink or eat to show their hospitality192021GreetingsGood morning/afternoon/evening.How are you?How are things going?How are you getting on?How are things(w
10、ith you)?Hows everything?Hows life?Hello.Hey./Hi.Chinese expressionsWhere are you going?你上哪去？你上哪去？Where have you been?你去哪里啦？你去哪里啦？Have you had your meal?吃过了吗？吃过了吗？(Its none of your business.)Concept of privacy24privacy1.freedom from unauthorized intrusion(quote from webster)The legal basis for the p
11、rivacy is the US Fourth Amendment which guarantees the right of the people to be secure in their persons,houses,papers,and effects,against unreasonable searches and seizures.”25中国传统文化认为隐私是群体性的中国传统文化认为隐私是群体性的,显示显示其公众性和集体主义准则其公众性和集体主义准则;圈内人之间不圈内人之间不必太强调个人隐私必太强调个人隐私.以美国为代表的西方以美国为代表的西方文化认为隐私是维护个人独立性和体现自
12、文化认为隐私是维护个人独立性和体现自我存在价值的表现我存在价值的表现,显示其强烈的自我意显示其强烈的自我意识识.Initiating ConversationsAvoidance of some topics:Age Money Health FamilyConversation topicsHobbiesholidaysThe weatherA local or national eventJobsFilms/books28Culture influences the style of communication at great level.When we are in an unfami
13、liar country,it is wise to watch and learn the way native people communicate first.Initiating conversations Appropriate and Inappropriate topics(pg.27)AustraliaProfessions;cars;skiing;musicMoney;religion;divorce/separationGermanyTraveling abroad;international politics;hobbies;soccerThe second world
14、War;questions about personal lifeGreat BritainHistory;Architecture;gardeningPolitics;money/price;Falklands warFranceMusic;books;sports;the theaterPrice of items;persons work;income;ageJapanHistory;culture;artThe Second World war;30On health313233What cultural concept behind it?Why do phrases like“pu
15、t on more clothes”sounds inappropriate to the westerners?Protective,parental overtonesIndependent westernersindividualism3435363738Form of address正式有余，尊重不足正式有余，尊重不足3940先生先生鲁迅先生，蔡元培先生，杨振宁先生鲁迅先生，蔡元培先生，杨振宁先生孟子孟子：“先生何为出此言也？先生何为出此言也？”这里的这里的“先生先生”指的是长辈而又有学问的人。这也就指的是长辈而又有学问的人。这也就是说春秋战国时期，先生这一称呼主要是称呼是说春秋战国时
16、期，先生这一称呼主要是称呼长辈的人。在中国文化中，长辈的人。在中国文化中，“先生先生”的称呼用的称呼用于学术界人时是对高级学者既严肃又亲密的尊于学术界人时是对高级学者既严肃又亲密的尊重称谓重称谓.41Mr.VS.先生先生My name is John Davis.But you can call me John.大多数美国人不喜欢用先生、夫人或小姐这大多数美国人不喜欢用先生、夫人或小姐这类称呼，他们认为这类称呼过于郑重其事了。类称呼，他们认为这类称呼过于郑重其事了。美国人之间，不论职位、年龄，总是尽量喊美国人之间，不论职位、年龄，总是尽量喊对方的名字，以缩短相互间的距离。美国有对方的名字，以缩
17、短相互间的距离。美国有家刊物曾专就称呼问题在家刊物曾专就称呼问题在150种工商行业中做种工商行业中做过调查，结果发现他们之中过调查，结果发现他们之中85%的称呼是只的称呼是只喊名字。喊名字。42When do they use MR.?1.Strangers2.称呼同学的爸爸，爷爷等长辈称呼同学的爸爸，爷爷等长辈3.邻居的长辈邻居的长辈4.称呼没有特殊头衔的上级、教师称呼没有特殊头衔的上级、教师（not very close)ChineseEnglishFormal Relationship/SituationNeutral Relationship/SituationClose Relati
18、onship/SituationForm of AddressSurname+Title Title+SurnameSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameGiven NameGiven NameGiven Name44Mr.Vs.professor对于有头衔的人，不用对于有头衔的人，不用Mr.而是加上头衔表示而是加上头衔表示尊重尊重ProfessorAmbassadorDoctorPresident 45Please translate:这位是我们的赵老师。这位是我们的赵老师。这位是我们的张经理。这位是我们的张经理。Teacher Zhao 在英美人听来，犹如在英美人听来，犹如“
19、赵打赵打铁的铁的”，“赵卖肉的赵卖肉的”，“赵教书赵教书”的一样的一样刺耳。刺耳。46值得注意的是，美国人从来不用行政职务值得注意的是，美国人从来不用行政职务如局长、经理、校长等头衔称呼别人。如局长、经理、校长等头衔称呼别人。47美国人很少用正式的头衔来称呼别人。正式的头衔美国人很少用正式的头衔来称呼别人。正式的头衔一般只用于法官、高级政府官员、军官、医生、教一般只用于法官、高级政府官员、军官、医生、教授和高级宗教人土等。例如：哈利法官、史密斯参授和高级宗教人土等。例如：哈利法官、史密斯参议员、克拉克将军、布朗医生、格林教授、怀特主议员、克拉克将军、布朗医生、格林教授、怀特主教等。教等。48P
20、lease translate嘿，先生，您的钱包掉了。嘿，先生，您的钱包掉了。小姐，你手帕掉了。小姐，你手帕掉了。Hey,Sir/Mister,you dropped your wallet.You dropped your handkerchief,Lady?49而在社交称呼语方面，不论地位和职位高而在社交称呼语方面，不论地位和职位高 低，越来越倾向于直呼其名，或低，越来越倾向于直呼其名，或“MrMrs/Ms.Miss+姓姓”以及以及“SirMadam”等通用称呼。只有当交际双方处等通用称呼。只有当交际双方处于一种于一种“权势权势”关系时，地位较高者会使关系时，地位较高者会使用名字称呼对方，
21、而地位较低者会用用名字称呼对方，而地位较低者会用“头头衔职衔衔职衔+姓姓”来称呼对方来称呼对方5051Is the address appropriate?Bess Fitzgerald is 70 years old.Youd like to call her grandma to show closeness.1.在英语中，亲属称谓不广泛地用于社交。在英语中，亲属称谓不广泛地用于社交。2.许多西方人也不喜欢别人用许多西方人也不喜欢别人用grand-或或great-之之类来强调自己上了年纪类来强调自己上了年纪.great Uncle Jim（中国人称伯祖父、叔祖父、（中国人称伯祖父、叔祖父、
22、舅公等）可简称为舅公等）可简称为Uncle Jim。52Can we say these?妹妹，过来看一下：妹妹，过来看一下：Sister，come over here.哥哥，接着。哥哥，接着。Brother，catch.Brother,sister 宗教团体人士称呼宗教团体人士称呼53GreetingsQuestions:(pg.25)1.How do they greet when they meet for the first time?How do you do!HiHelloNice to meet you!2.Who should be introduced first?the s
23、enior,the female,the guest3.Who should greet first?The same as aboveIntroduction Watch this episode，How the president is addressed?questions1.How do they address American president?Mr.President2.What would the American President like A.J.to call him?When we are out of office or alone,you can call me
24、 Andy.You are my best man at my wedding.3.What rules can we draw as the American way of addressing?(pg.24)Some titles can be used either singly or with the persons surname.The given name is preferred in most situations.60How do the differences happen?Why does the Chinese language have so much more d
25、etailed and specific kinship terms than In English?Why do we use title to call people so much more often than western people?They have deep roots in the culture in which they are formed.6162中：以血缘家庭为纽带的中国传统社会；农中：以血缘家庭为纽带的中国传统社会；农耕经济；大一统的体制（耕经济；大一统的体制（patriarchal家长制家长制的）的）西：西：地缘政治为基础的城邦制国家，工商业，地缘政治为基础
26、的城邦制国家，工商业，小国寡民；民主型（小国寡民；民主型（democratic）63A photo of a farm familyA photo of Ba Jins FamilyDifferences between Chinese and English Kin TermsChinese CultureEnglish Culturepeople refer to people strictly according to the kin terms.It is completely unacceptable to refer to ones parents by using the nam
27、es In some families in Western countries,some children address their parents directly by their first names.When children address relatives,Chinese kin terms tell whether they are older or younger than their father or mother.In Britain,children are expected to address the parents brother and sisters
28、with the title of Uncle or Aunt plus their names and sometimes simply address them by first name without a title.Chinese kin terms tell whether the relatives are from the mother or fathers side and whether ones brother,sister or cousin is older or younger than he/she English kin terms dont tell whet
29、her the relatives are from the mother or fathers side,and there are not disdinct kin terms for elder brother or younger brother.Chinese kin terms are also to other people who are not ones relatives;kin terms are widely used to address known or unknown peoplekin terms are not as frequently used as in
30、 Chinese.In all kinds of social situations,either formally or informally,people wont use kin terms to address each other if they are not relatives 65The way of lifeIndividual vs Group66Idea of oneselfIndividual-centered vs group-centered67Personal RelationshipSimple vs ComplexPartings Among the Amer
31、icansPhase one:One of the individuals initiates this phase by noting that he/she should depart soon,but no immediate move to depart is actually made.Both continue their conversation or other shared activity for a while longer;this delay may last from a few minutes to as much as an hour.An American w
32、ho intends to depart usually explains that a factor in his/her own personal situation compels the departure.Phase two:An American visitor goes to the door,his/her exit from the scene occurs quite efficiently.The host accompanies the leaver to the door and may briefly exit a short distance beyond it,
33、offering a farewell wave as the leaver disappears.The English expressions when parting are See you,So long,Goodbye,Have a nice day.Take care.etc.with also a smile and a gesture of farewell.Parting expressionAmong the ChinesePhase one:A Chinese also offers a reason for leaving,but it is unlikely to b
34、e related to the leavers own personal situation.The explanation is more often related to the other person s presumed needs.Phase two:The two people exit from the door together and continue walking some distance while continuing to converse.The distance that the host accompanies a guest is an indicat
35、ion of the esteem in which he/she is held.The final words of the hosts are usually manzou(慢走),zouhao(走好),man dian er qi(慢点儿骑),bu yuansong le(不远送了),youkong zailai(有空再来),etc.often accompanied with a smile and a gesture of farewell.Chinese Etiquette即使是那些用最挑剔的眼光来看待中国问题的批评即使是那些用最挑剔的眼光来看待中国问题的批评家们也不得不承认，中
36、国人已经将人与人之间的交家们也不得不承认，中国人已经将人与人之间的交往的艺术发展到了极致，这是西方人永远无法企及往的艺术发展到了极致，这是西方人永远无法企及的的.这一民族的天才，这一民族的天才，将各种繁文缛节变成了人们日常将各种繁文缛节变成了人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分生活中不可或缺的一部分；而在西方，这些礼节只；而在西方，这些礼节只是在宫廷和外交上才会被人注意到。但中国人的生是在宫廷和外交上才会被人注意到。但中国人的生活并没有因为这些活并没有因为这些繁琐的礼数繁琐的礼数而失去光彩，这些礼而失去光彩，这些礼数总会适时地被用到合适的场合，如同过节时会穿数总会适时地被用到合适的场合，如同过节时会穿上节日盛装一样自然。上节日盛装一样自然。-中国人的脸谱中国人的脸谱72Borrow moneyResearch TopicsCompare the American friendship with the Chinese friendshipThe Concept of“Privacy”in Western Culture and“隐私隐私”in Chinese Culture (Privacy is not equal to 隐私隐私)75此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！
