1、Unit 5A delicate world素养导航晨读晚诵素养导航晨读晚诵Why Is Ecological Balance Important?Ecosystems are essential to our well-being and prosperity as they provide us with food,clean air and fresh water.Ecosystems also represent an exceptional source of outdoor recreation opportunities.素养导航晨读晚诵Ecological balance is
2、 important for the continued survival and existence of organisms as well as the stability of the environment.The balance in the ecosystem,which must be maintained,may be disturbed as a result of natural hazards,the unexpected death of a particular species,man-made causes or the introduction of new s
3、pecies to the ecosystem.素养导航晨读晚诵Ecological balance is a condition of a dynamic balance within an ecosystem in which the species,genetics and the ecosystem diversity remain in a stable state irrespective of the gradual variations through natural succession.The ecosystem stability is characterized by
4、two properties:resilience and resistance.Resilience is a property that is manifested in an ecosystem when organisms are killed or weakened.Resilience also refers to the rate at which the density of a population in an ecosystem comes back to the equilibrium after a particular disturbance.Resistance s
5、tands for the potential of an ecosystem to prevent the animal population and trees from giving in to stresses such as high pollution or drought.素养导航晨读晚诵Diversity is maintained when organisms interact,and enhancing or destroying a specific species in an ecosystem may affect the entire population dens
6、ity over time.Some species,such as the sea otter(水獭),play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance and are known as keystone species.词海拾贝essential adj.基本的;必要的prosperity n.繁荣;成功dynamic adj.动态的variation n.变化;变异diversity n.多样性素养导航晨读晚诵典句欣赏The balance in the ecosystem,which must be maintained
7、,may be disturbed as a result of natural hazards,the unexpected death of a particular species,man-made causes or the introduction of new species to the ecosystem.译文:我们必须维持的生态系统平衡可能会被自然灾害、某特定物种的意外死亡、人为原因或新的物种的引进等因素所毁坏。分析:本句包含情态动词的被动语态的用法,另外里面还包含which引导的一个定语从句。as a result of 后接了并列的四个宾语。素养导航晨读晚诵探究思辨1.W
8、hy is ecological balance important?2.How can human beings keep ecological balance?答案:1.Ecological balance is important for the continued survival and existence of organisms as well as the stability of the environment.2.Human beings must pay more attention to natural hazards,the unexpected death of a
9、 particular species,man-made causes or the introduction of new species to the ecosystem.Section AStarting out&Understanding ideas.知识体系图解重点词汇 1.n.栖息地 2.adv.后来,随后 3.n.胃口,食欲 4.v.(使)大大增加,(使)倍增 5.n.保护 6.v.(使)变小;(使)减少 7.n.夹子;陷阱 8.v.突然增加 9.n.事件 10.v.应该做;对负有的义务habitatsubsequentlyappetitemultiplyconservation
10、decreasetrapexplodeincident owe11.halfway adj.12.dramatically adv.13.inhabitant n.14.erosion n.15.chaos n.16.virus n.17.immunity n.18.collapse v.19.substantial adj.20.n.生态;生态学adj.生态的,生态学的 中间的,半途的显著地栖居的动物侵蚀大混乱;紊乱病毒免疫力倒坍;塌下大量的,多的ecology ecological重点短语 1.接管;接收 2.灭绝 3.结果是 4.参加 5.想出;提出 6.欠;把归因于;把归功于 7.be
11、 native to 8.out of control 9.remove from.10.in consequence 11.or so take overdie outturn outparticipate income up withowe.to.原产于;源于失控从移除因此;结果大约重点句式1.Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants,including royal penguins,king penguins and elephant seals,existed in perfect harmony with th
12、eir natural habitat for thousands of years.2.The cats in consequence turned their attention and their stomachsback to the native birds,killing up to 60,000 each year.阅读导学A.划分部分,匹配大意Part 1(Para)A.The islands more recent history is a tragic story.Part 2(Paras)B.Macquarie Island enjoys a wild and natur
13、al beauty.Part 3(Para)C.There are some measures to deal with the problem.答案:Part 1:Para 1 BPart 2:Paras 2-5 APart 3:Para 6 CB.根据课文内容,选择正确答案1.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?A.Macquarie Island lies in the Antarctic Ocean.B.The green grass is in harmony with the bare rock.C.Mac
14、quarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.D.Visitors fail to understand how its native inhabitants live with the habitat harmoniously.2.Which animal came to Macquarie Island first?A.Cats.B.Rabbits.C.Mice and rats.D.Dogs.答案:C 答案:C 3.When did Macquarie Island become an official nature reserve?A.In
15、 1891.B.In the 1970s.C.In the 1980s.D.In 2000.4.Why were the dogs introduced to the island?A.To decrease the number of cats.B.To kill the mice.C.To catch the rabbits.D.To diversify the species.5.Which of the following is not Macquarie Islands problem?A.Mice.B.Rabbits.C.Rats.D.Birds.答案:B 答案:A 答案:D 重点
16、词汇重点句式随堂练习1.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000,it also meant less food for the cats.但是虽然病毒导致兔子的数量从十三万减少到了一万,但是这也意味着猫的食物变得更少了。(p.51)【词汇精讲】decrease v.减少n.减少,缩减These measures will help decrease the cost of production.这些措施有助于降低生产成本。There is a su
17、dden decrease in the species.物种急剧减少。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】decrease by.减少了(指减少的差值)decrease to.减少到(指减少后的最终结果)decrease from.to.从减少到on the decrease在减少重点词汇重点句式随堂练习The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30%last year.该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。The population decreased to 1 million last year.人口去年减少到100万。Both unemp
18、loyed,the couple had to decrease their household expenses from$1000 to$500 per month.夫妇俩都失业了,每月的家庭开支不得不从1000美元减少到500美元。Is your production on the decrease?你们的产量在减少吗?【微写作】The number of the consumers who use our products is on the decrease.Therefore,we have to decrease our budget of next year from$1000
19、,000 to$80,000,which means it will decrease by 20%.重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习2.In the 1980s,traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.在二十世纪八十年代,陷阱和狗被用来抓猫。(p.51)【词汇精讲】trap名词,意为“陷阱;圈套;计谋;夹子”;动词,意为“诱捕;设陷阱;困住”。The fox could not be easily trapped by the farmer.那只狐狸不会轻易落入农夫的陷阱。Some women see ma
20、rriages as traps.有些女性把婚姻看作是陷阱。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】set a trap设陷阱be caught in a trap落入圈套;落入陷阱be trapped in.困在里;陷入Set a trap over that mouse hole.把夹子放在那个鼠洞上面。He was trapped in a no-win situation.他陷入必败的处境。【微写作】Last year,Hongxing Farm suffered a lot from mice.The owner of the farm set a lot of traps everyw
21、here in the farm.Finally,the majority of mice were trapped in the traps.重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习3.It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus,and their numbers exploded once again.结果是它们形成了对病毒的免疫力,它们的数量再次激增了。(p.51)【词汇精讲】explode动词,意为“爆发;激增;(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情)”。Bombs wer
22、e exploding all around the city.城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。These fields are about to explode with innovation.这些领域将会创新大爆发。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增explode with anger勃然大怒One hundred people were injured in the explosion.有100人在爆炸中受伤。【易混辨析】explode/burst/eruptEvery time they met,Mr.Black exploded with ang
23、er.每次他们见面,布莱克先生都会非常生气。explode指物体爆炸而释放大量热能的一刹那burst强调爆炸能量的突然释放和力量的突然迸发erupt主要指火山的爆发重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习4.This intervention is a long,much-delayed ending to a sad story,but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.这种干涉是一个悲伤的故事的拖延已久的结局,但是我们人类欠这个岛一个幸福结局。(p.51)【词汇精讲】owe是动词,意为“欠(钱、账、人情
24、等);归功于;应感谢”。You must pay me what you owe.你必须把你欠我的还给我。He owes his success to hard work.他把他的成功归功于勤奋工作。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】owe sb.sth./owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物owe sb.an apology该向某人道歉owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情owe.to.把归功于;应感激owing adj.欠着的;未付的owing to=because of=on account of=due to 因为;由于重点词汇重点句式随堂练习She still owes 3
25、,000 to her father.她还欠她父亲3,000英镑。I think maybe we owe you an apology.我认为我们应向你道歉。Mary will take care of the babyshe owes me a favour.玛丽会照看孩子的她欠我一个人情。Owing to the rain,the match was cancelled.由于大雨,比赛被取消了。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习1.Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants,in
26、cluding royal penguins,king penguins and elephant seals,existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也会想象出岛上的居住者,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅、象海豹,几千年来与它们的自然栖息地和谐共处。(p.50)重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【句式分析】nor 位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。(1)部分倒装是把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面,即助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语动词。(2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装,高考常考的这
27、类词汇有:never,not,nor,neither,seldom,hardly,nowhere,little,not until,by no means,in no sense,at no time等。Tina wouldnt agree with me.Nor would she discuss with me.蒂娜不会同意我的观点,她也不会和我讨论。Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.我已经非常努力地提高我的英语水平,但老师一
28、点也不满意我的进步。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习2.The cats in consequence turned their attention and their stomachsback to the native birds,killing up to 60,000 each year.结果猫把猎食目标转回到当地的鸟类身上,每年杀死多达六万只。(p.51)【句式分析】该句子中killing up to 60,000
29、 each year为动词-ing短语作结果状语,表示“预料、情理之中”的结果。Unfortunately his father died,leaving the family even worse off.不幸的是,他的父亲去世了,使得家境更加贫困。The news shocked the public,leading to great concern about students safety at school.这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊,引起了人们高度关注在校学生的安全。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习.课文语法填空Macquarie Isla
30、nd is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The green grass and bare rock contrast 1.(dramatical),2.(give)it a wild and natural beauty.The islands recent history 3._(tell)a tragic story.In 1980 4.humans arrived on the island,they brought rats and 5.(mouse),6.ate birds eggs and attacked baby birds.Later,cats
31、and rabbits 7.(introduce)to the island,making parakeets die out.Experts felt it necessary 8.(remove)the rabbits,but cats had to eat birds.In the 1980s,traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.dramaticallygivingtellswhenmicewhichwere introducedto remove重点词汇重点句式随堂练习9.the disappearance of cats,the mi
32、ce,rats and rabbits started to increase,which led to a serious result.It was clear that the problem needed 10.(solve).People are taking some steps to give the island a happy ending.Withsolving重点词汇重点句式随堂练习.概要写作参考范文Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,with a wild and natural beauty.However
33、,in its recent history,the island has suffered a lot.After human arrived on the island,different animals,such as mice,rats,cats and rabbits were taken to the island,which destroyed the balance of the ecosystem there,leading to some animals decreasing and dying out.Fortunately,some measures are being taken to protect it.
