1、UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS素养导航晨读晚诵素养导航晨读晚诵 A South Carolina man competing in the 2020 Charleston Marathon has beaten the world record for the fastest time to finish a marathon in an exoskeleton suit.Adam Gorlitsky,who is paralyzed from the waist down,completed 26.2-mile race with a time of 33 hours,5
2、0 minutes and 23 seconds.The current record holder is British man Simon Kindleysides,who finished the 2018 London Marathon in 36 hours and 46 minutes.素养导航晨读晚诵 “Ive been attempting to break Simons record for about a year now,”Gorlitsky said,“and now I have.The second I crossed that finish line,I have
3、 a whole new level of respect for him and anyone who walks a marathon wearing an exoskeleton suit.It wasnt easy at all.”By the time he finished,Gorlitsky was tired.What helped push him to the finish line,he said,was having a solid support group.“With this marathon being in my hometown,so many groups
4、 of people came out and walked a mile with us throughout the race,”he said.“With things like this,you have so much adrenaline going through your body that even when I was tired,everyones energy pulled me through.”素养导航晨读晚诵 Gorlitsky founded the non-profit I GOT LEGS in 2016.It took him nearly seven h
5、ours to complete the 6.2 mile race.His organization is“devoted to improving the lives of the disabled community.”“My injury doesnt define who I am,”Gorlitsky said.“The message that I want to come out of this is that your injuries,your physical disabilities,your difficulties will never define who you
6、 are.”The athlete is currently on a“One Million Steps Tour,”where he plans to walk one million steps in road races across the United States using his robotic exoskeleton.Along with completing the marathon,Gorlitsky has walked in nearly 50 road races all around the country.But his next goal,he joked,
7、is to face the man whose record he beat at the London Marathon.素养导航晨读晚诵词海拾贝exoskeleton n.外骨骼current adj.现行的,当前的;流行的solid adj.固体的,坚固的physical adj.身体的,自然的,物质的disability n.无力,残疾,无能典句欣赏 The second I crossed that finish line,I have a whole new level of respect for him and anyone who walks a marathon wear
8、ing an exoskeleton suit.译文:当我跨过终点线时,我对他和任何穿着外骨骼套装跑完马拉松的人都有了全新的尊重。分析:这是一个复合句。the second引导时间状语从句。who引导定语从句,修饰前面的anyone。素养导航晨读晚诵1.What encouraged Gorlitsky to finish the marathon?2.Why did Gorlitsky found the organization of I GOT LEGS?答案:1.The support from other local people.2.To help the disabled liv
9、e better.Section ATOPIC TALK&LESSON 1.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.n.运动员 2.vt.更喜欢 3.adj.均衡的 4.vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜,打败 5.n.公司;一群人 6.inspiration n.7.desire n.8.gather vi.&vt.9.energy n.10.earn vt.athletepreferbalanceddefeatcompany激励,鼓舞;给人以灵感的人/物;灵感渴望聚集,聚合力量,活力赢得;博得重点短语1.rather than 2.in good/bad shape 3.get hurt 4.on ones
10、own 5.try out for sth 6.猛撞,猛击 7.使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望)8.取得成功;奏效 9.跟上,保持同步 10.拍某人肩膀 而不是健康状况良好/不佳受伤独立;独自参加选拔;争取成为(团队的一员)crash intolet sb downpay offkeep up withhit sb on the shoulder重点句式1.Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他需要多加练习。2.Paul didnt k
11、now hed soon get the chance that hed been waiting for.保罗不知道他很快就得到他一直等的机会。3.I dont think I can play anymore,coach.教练,我认为我不能再打了。.阅读导学阅读pp.30-31教材课文,选择最佳答案。1.Why did Paul have to try out many times?A.Because he was not tall.B.Because he wants to make the team.C.Because he wants to be a replacement.D.Be
12、cause he had many chances to play for the team.答案:B 2.What does Paul think of his being shorter as a player?A.Favorite Championships.B.Long hour jumps.C.More practice.D.Independent shots.3.Whats the coachs attitude to Paul?A.Confident.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Supportive.答案:C 答案:B 4.What does the sent
13、ence“all the extra hours that hed spent practising alone paid off”mean?A.He liked to practice alone.B.He was independent in practising.C.He had money to pay off his training.D.He got rewarded after practising more.5.What can we learn from the story about Paul?A.Well begun is half done.B.Practice mak
14、es perfect.C.Great hope makes great man.D.Determination is the secret to success.答案:D 答案:C 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.I prefer to play basketball rather than play football.我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。【词汇精讲】本句中prefer是动词,经常构成prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做而不愿意做”。He preferred to return to his hometown after graduati
15、on rather than stay in a big city.毕业后他宁愿返回家乡也不愿待在大城市里。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)prefer vt.更喜欢prefer sth/doing sth更喜欢做某事prefer(sb)to do sth宁愿(某人)做某事prefer(doing)A to(doing)B宁愿(做)A而不愿(做)Bprefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做Bprefer that.should do sth宁愿做某事(2)preference n.喜爱;偏爱have a preference for偏爱gi
16、ve preference to给以优惠、优待in preference to优先于(3)preferable adj.更可取的,更好的,更合意的重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【温馨提示】prefer意为“更喜欢;较喜欢”,相当于like better/more,所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。prefer过去式、过去分词为preferred,动词的-ing形式为preferring。I prefer dogs to cats.和猫比起来我更喜欢狗。Staying at home is certainly preferable to going out with someone you
17、dont like.待在家里当然比和你不喜欢的人出去要好。I prefer that we should gather more information on that issue.我觉得有关那个事我们最好收集更多信息。In considering people for the job,we give preference to those with some experience.在考虑这份工作的人选时,我们优先考虑那些有一定工作经验的人。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.I prefer to play basketball
18、 rather than play football.我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。【词汇精讲】句中rather than.这一结构表示“而不是”,常用于连接两个并列成分。If you are one of them,I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.如果你是他们中的一员,我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做,而不是抱怨。Very quickly,she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so hars
19、hly.很快,她学会了欣赏生活而不是刻薄地判断每一件事情。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】Rather than travel by car,Id prefer to walk.与其乘汽车旅行,我宁可走路。【温馨提示】(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)rather than后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to,但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to的不定式。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.Have a healthy an
20、d balanced diet有一个健康均衡的饮食【词汇精讲】本句中balanced是形容词,表示“均衡的,平衡的”,作定语,修饰后面的diet。Youd better keep a balanced diet for the benefit of your health.为了有益于身体健康你最好均衡饮食。【词汇拓展】(1)balanced diet均衡饮食(2)balance n.平衡;天平vt.权衡;(使)平衡on balance总的来说lose ones balance失去平衡重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习keep ones balance=keep the balance of保持平
21、衡It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.保持生态平衡对我们来说很重要。The job had some advantages,but on balance he thought he was better off where he was.这份工作有一些好处,但总的来说,他认为他现在的处境更好。When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.当这个男孩追赶他弟弟的时候,他失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了一跤。You hav
22、e to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.保罗多次参加选拔,想要入选球队。【词汇精讲】本句中的try out for是动词短语,表示“参加选拔”,后面跟宾语。Having trained for half a year,John tried out for th
23、e swimming team.训练半年后,约翰参加了游泳队的选拔。【词汇拓展】try out试用,试验try for试图获得或赢得某物try sth on试穿衣物try ones best尽力try ones luck试试运气重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习My teacher encouraged me to try for a place at Oxford University.老师鼓励我争取进入牛津大学。Its a good idea to try on clothes before you buy them to make sure they fit.你买衣服之前,应该先试穿一下,
24、看是否合适。I have decided to try for a job in radio,then work my way up to sports announcer.我已决定试着在电台找个事儿做,然后争取做体育节目的播音员。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习5.Everyone knew Paul had real skills,and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.每个人都知道保罗有着真正的技术,他是一个非常努力的人,并且很渴
25、望为球队打球。【词汇精讲】本句中的desire是名词,后面跟不定式,作定语。Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held by the local gallery,Im writing to express my desire to be a volunteer.得知当地美术馆将举办一场国画展,我写信表达我想成为一名志愿者的愿望。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)a desire for sth渴望得到某物have a desire to do/that.有的欲望/愿望desire v.想要(2)desire t
26、o do sth渴望做某事desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事desire that sb(should+)动词原形 希望/要求某人做重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习I really have a desire to help customers with their individual needs.我确实有意愿去帮助顾客来满足他们的个人需求。Disabled people desire to live a normal life.In other words,they want to live as well as ordinary people do.残疾人渴望过正常的生
27、活。换句话说,他们想跟普通人生活得一样好。Even so,she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.即便如此,她的勇气和成功的强烈愿望给全世界留下了深刻的印象。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习6.I wont let you down!我不会让你失望的。【词汇精讲】本句中let sb down是动词短语,表示“使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望)”。The football team let me down again because t
28、hey couldnt get the ticket to the next World Cup.这支足球队又让我失望了,因为他们没能取得下届世界杯的入场券。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】let alone更不用说let go(of)放开,松手let off宽恕,免除let out放掉,发出let in 允许某物进入,通过Dont let go of my hand or well get separated.不要放开我的手,不然我们会走散的。The boss told us not to let out the plan to the press.老板叫我们不要把这个计划泄露给
29、新闻界。We fear no death,let alone difficulties.我们死都不怕,何况困难。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习7.And clearly,all the extra hours that hed spent practising alone paid off.很显然,他独自一人训练花的额外时间得到了回报。【词汇精讲】本句中pay off是动词短语,表示“取得成功,有回报”,还可以表示偿清贷款、债务等。I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.我也希望我的
30、努力能得到回报。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】pay back偿还,归还;报答;回报;报复pay for付的钱,受的报应pay up(把应支付的钱)缴清,付清That I can pay back the help people give me makes me very happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。If you dont study hard now,youll pay for it later when you fail your exams.你现在不好好学习,到考试不及格时就会为此付出代价。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练
31、习8.The other team just couldnt keep up with his energy and speed.另一支球队无法跟上他的精力和速度。【词汇精讲】本句中的keep up with用作及物动词,表示“跟上,保持同步”。The modern world has been developing very fast.Every country must keep up with the time.现代世界一直在飞快地发展。每个国家都必须与时俱进。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】keep at sth坚持做某事keep sb from doing sth阻止某人
32、做某事keep back忍住,隐瞒;抑制keep off避开,防止,挡住keep out of使不进入keep up保持,继续keep to不偏离,不离开,遵守(计划、时刻表等)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习He kept at the job until finished.他坚持把工作干完。The rain kept us from going out.下雨使我们没法出去。She couldnt keep back her tears.她忍不住哭了。I hope the fine weather will keep up.我希望好天气会保持下去。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点
33、句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习9.He made shot after shot,and the crowd couldnt stop clapping and cheering.他一个接一个地投篮,人群忍不住鼓掌欢呼。【词汇精讲】本句中的crowd是名词,作主语。crowd是可数名词,其基本意思是许多人围在一起,即“人群”,可指“听众”“观众”等。crowd与定冠词the连用,可表示“百姓,群众”。He pushed his way to the front of the crowd to get a better look.他挤到人群的前面以便看得更清楚。重点词汇重点
34、句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)a crowd of一群,一伙(2)crowd v.挤满;涌入crowd in on sb涌上某人心头crowd into(想法、问题等)涌入脑海,挤进crowd upon ones mind涌上某人心头crowd.out把挤出,排挤(3)crowded adj.拥挤的be crowded with挤满了【温馨提示】crowd作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。强调集体时用单数,强调个人时用复数。在现代英语特别是美式英语中,其谓语动词通常用单数。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习The neighbours crowded into their hom
35、e to wish them well.邻居们涌进他们的家里为他们祝福。She by chance stepped on his foot on a crowded train.她在拥挤的列车上不小心踩到了他的脚。When the gates of the ground were opened,all the football supporters crowded in.当赛场的大门打开时,球迷们一拥而进。Her house was crowded with happy people who were singing songs to lively music.她的房子里挤满了快乐的人,他们伴
36、随着欢快的音乐唱歌。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他需要多加练习。【句式剖析】本句that引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中being shorter than other players作主语。Going to bed early is considered to be a good habit.早上床睡觉被认为是一种好习惯。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【句式拓展】
37、(1)动词的-ing形式直接位于句首作主语。(2)用 it 作形式主语,把动词的-ing形式(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动词的-ing形式作主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的词有:fun,hopeless,no good,no use,pleasant,a waste of time,no point,useless,worthwhile等。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习His coming will be of great help to us.他来对我们大有帮助。It is no use/no good crying over sp
38、ilt milk.覆水难收。It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。It was hard getting on the crowded street car.上那辆拥挤的有轨电车真难。There is no joking about such matters.这种事情不可开玩笑。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.I dont think I can play anymore,coach.教练,我认为我不能再打了。【句式剖析
39、】本句中I dont think是否定前置,是指如果带有否定的宾语从句,宾语从句中的否定词通常提前,用来否定主句的谓语动词。I dont think youll be able to understand that even when you are at my age.即使你到了我的年龄,我认为你也不能理解这件事。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【句式拓展】(1)当主句谓语动词是think,believe,feel,guess,expect,suppose,imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时,常常使用这种结构。(2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的
40、主语和谓语动词保持一致。I dont think youve ever heard her talking about her emotional life before.我想你以前从未听过她谈自己的感情生活。He promised to pay off the debts on time,but I dont believe hell keep his promise,will he?他答应到时候把钱还给我,但我相信他不会这样做,对吗?重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【温馨提示】(1)当主语为第一人称I,we时,通常反问的是从句;而当主语不是第一人称时,则反问主句。(2)若谓语动词为hope
41、,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习定语从句一、定语从句定义在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作后置定语)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习二、定语从句的分类(1)限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句
42、的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗?The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用t
43、hat引导。The old woman,who lives on her own,has a cat for company.这个老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习三、定语从句的引导词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手:一是关系词在从句中所作的成分;二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时,用关系代词;关系词在从句
44、中作状语时,用关系副词。先行词指人时,关系代词用who,whom,that,whose;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,that,whose。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习关系词在从句中充当的成分 先行词关系代词who主语、宾语、表语人whom宾语人which主语、宾语、表语物that主语、宾语、表语人或物whose定语人或物as主语,宾语人或物关系副词when状语时间where状语地点why状语原因重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习四、定语从句的关系代词的用法1.who,whom,whose引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾
45、语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我有很多朋友,我打算给他们寄明信片。重点词汇重点
46、句式重点语法随堂练习(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。My eldest son,whose work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作使他走遍了世界各地。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.that,which引导的定语从句(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。She showed the
47、 visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that 不用which的情况:先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fa
48、ult.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the des
49、sert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况:关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.这个
50、男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。当从句中的介词提前,构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.as引导的定语从句(1)as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“so/such/the same+先行词+as.”结构中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间
