1、Section BGrammar and Usage1.adapt adaptinto/for 把改编成be adapted from 由改编adapt to./adapt oneself to.适应adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的adaptation n.适应；改编本练习：Throughout the history of movie-making,Shakespeares plays have been adapted _ films more than the works of any other writer.for/into2.regard regard as 把看
2、作in/with regard to sth.关于，至于regarding prep.关于，至于练习：We look forward to strengthening cooperation(合作)with universities all over the world _(关于)scientific research.in/with regard to3.solutiona solution to.的解决办法（to为介词）come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决方法a solution to 的答案/谜底练习：We need to keep w
3、orking and come the problem up with a solution _ as soon as possible.I cant agree more.to(1)Whose book are the two films based on?They are based on Rudyard Kiplings book of the same title:The Jungle Book.(2)Whats the biggest difference between the old film and the new one?The new film uses much more
4、 advanced technology not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.Subject+Singular verbSubject+Plural verbEveryone wasits old age showsThe new film usesnot only the animals but also the jungle isBuilding the jungle environment on the computer was The Jungle Book lasts there is enoug
5、h tension and humour Two hours seemsits film team members were Mowgli and his animal friends livesubjecta,c,d,e,g,hb,f主谓一致是指句子的谓语必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：（1）不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Every
6、 part is to be carefully checked before they are put together.组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。PA big part of the corn is used to feed chickens,pigs and cattle in that country.在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。These toys are designed for children under three years old.这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。（2）复合不定代词anyone，anything，someone，somebody，
7、something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，nothing 及不定代词either，each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.每个人都为运动会做好准备了。Everything is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy.所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。（3）单个的动词不定式（短语）、v-ing（短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Listening to music makes me relax
8、ed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。When they could finish the task is not known yet.他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。（4）由 as well as，along with，together with，with，rather than，but，except，besides，in addition to，like，including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与（短语）介词前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as the students likes the painting
9、.老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。Tom,along with his friends,goes skating every Saturday.每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。（5）“many a(n)(许多)/more than one(不止一个)+可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。Many a parent has had to go through this painful process.很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。More than one person is against the proposal.不止一个人反对这个提议。（6）
10、“one of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the(only)one of+可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。（7）在It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持
11、一致。It is they who have worked there for five years.是他们在那里工作了五年。这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况：（1）and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。The owner and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper are to at
12、tend the conference.这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。The knife and fork is on the desk.这套刀叉在桌子上。The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。（2）all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。All are here and all is ready.所有的人都已到，一切就绪。All who have studied this question have come to the same conc
13、lusion.所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。None have arrived yet.还无人到来。None is more qualified for the task than him.没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。（3）“all/most/half/the rest of+名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+名词/代词”作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。a number of（许多）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of（的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The rest of the bui
14、ldings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes.其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。He got back home,finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor.他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。The number of people invited was fifty,but a number of them were absent for different re
15、asons.邀请的人数是50,但很多人因不同的原因没来。（4）表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。Twenty kilometers is quite a long distance.20千米是相当长的一段距离。Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.那时50 美元对我来说是一大笔钱。（5）集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如cattle，people，police等。How many pe
16、ople were at the meeting?有多少人参加了会议？The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.牛群正在山脚下吃草。有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family，class，audience，team，group，band，committee（委员会）等。a.强调整体，谓语动词用单数：There was a big audience at the evening party.晚会上观众很多。Class One sugg
17、ests a second visit to the Great Wall.一班提议第二次游览长城。The football team is being reorganized.这支足球队正在重组。b.强调成员，谓语动词用复数：The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot.故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。The committee agree to discuss the proposal at the next meeting.委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing，eq
18、uipment，furniture，jewellery，poetry 等。The furniture in this room has been made to order.这个房间的家具是定做的。All their clothing is bright and attractive.他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。Most of their equipment has been shipped ahead of schedule.他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。注意：单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means，deer，fish，sheep，
19、Chinese，Japanese等。Every means has been tried.每一个方法都试过了。Not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有用。（6）“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.最后，村民救了伤员。这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：（1）eitheror，or，neithernor，not only but also，notbut等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最
20、靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。Are you or he good at English?是你还是他擅长英语?Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。（2）there be句型中的be 动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。There are two books,a pen and many pencils on the des
21、k.桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。1.It is important to remember that success _(be)the sum of small efforts made each day and often _(take)years to achieve.2.Listening to loud music at rock concerts _(have)caused hearing loss in some teenagers.3.Actually,the garden,as well as the trees around it,_(belong)to a man l
22、iving across the street.4.Nobody but those invited by Dr Li _(allow)to enter the patients room.5.Two fifths of the land in that district _(be)covered by trees and grass.istakeshasbelongswas/is allowedis/was6.The majority of students in my school _(be)admitted to famous universities every year.7.Buse
23、s were not able to run normally on the roads because of the heavy snow and more than one student _(be)late for school that morning.8.Five years _(pass)since they met last time,and for them,five years _(be)really a long time.9.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.10.The committee _ made up of 20 members who _ experts in medicine.(be)arewashas/have passedis/areis regardedisare
