1、Unit 5Grammar FocusDirect Speech and Indirect Speech一字不改的将别人的话加以引用或复述出一字不改的将别人的话加以引用或复述出来，叫来，叫直接引语直接引语，直接引语须放在，直接引语须放在括号内括号内。eg.Mr Black said,“I like playing football”.（直接引语）She said,“I am an English teacher”.（括号内是直接引语）用自己的话转述别人的话，叫用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语间接引语，间接引，间接引语语不必用引号不必用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。，而用宾语从句来表达。Eg.Mr
2、 Black said that he liked playing football.(间接引语）She said that she was an English teacher.（宾语从句是间接引语）直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，须语时，须由连词由连词that 来引导来引导（that 也可省也可省略），略），that 从句之前用从句之前用say,tell等动词。等动词。但要注意下列各种变化。但要注意下列各种变化。第一类：直接引语是陈述句第一类：直接引语是陈述句1.人称的变化：人称的变化：eg.He said,“I want to see you.”He
3、 said that he wanted to see me.He said to me,“Ive left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.2.时态的变化：时态的变化：主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词的时态主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词的时态须有下列变化：须有下列变化：一般一般现在现在时时 一般一般过去过去时时 现在现在进行时进行时 过去过去进行时进行时 现在现在完成时完成时 过去过去完成时完成时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去过去完成时完成时 过
4、去完成时不变过去完成时不变 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时变一般过去时：一般现在时变一般过去时：直接引语 间接引语eg.He said,“I am busy.”He said that he was busy.他说：“我很忙”。他说他很忙。He said,“I cant do it myself.”He said that he couldnt do it himself.他说：“我自己不能做”。他说他自己不能做。直接引语如果是客观真理，一般现在时则不变 eg.He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said t
5、hat light travels much faster than sound.现在进行时变过去进行时：eg.He said,“Im reading the book.”他说：“我正在读这本书。”He said that he was reading the book.他说他正在读那本书。She said,“Were having a meeting.”她说：“我们正在开会。”She said they were having a meeting.她说她们正在开会。现在完成时变过去完成时：现在完成时变过去完成时：eg.She said,“I have not heard from him s
6、ince May.她说：她说：“从五月份起就没有接到他的任何休从五月份起就没有接到他的任何休息。息。”She said that she had not heard from him since May.她说自五月份起就没有接到过他的任何休息。她说自五月份起就没有接到过他的任何休息。一般过去时变过去完成时：一般过去时变过去完成时：eg.He said,“I came to help you.”他说：他说：“我曾到这里来帮过你的。我曾到这里来帮过你的。”He said that he had come to help me.他说他曾经来帮过我。他说他曾经来帮过我。She said to me,“
7、I saw the film.”她对我说：她对我说：“我看过这个影片我看过这个影片.”She told me that she had seen the film.她告诉我她看过这个影片。她告诉我她看过这个影片。过去完成时不变过去完成时不变 eg.He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：他说：“晚饭前我就把作业完成了。晚饭前我就把作业完成了。”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说他晚饭前就已经把作业完成了。他说他晚饭前就已经把作业完成了。.一般将来
8、时变过去将来时：一般将来时变过去将来时：eg.She said,“Ill do it after class.”她说：她说：“我将在课后来做。我将在课后来做。”She said that she would do it after class.她说她将在课后做。她说她将在课后做。He said,“I will help her.”He said he would help her.3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 1.this that 2.these those 3.now then 4.today that day 5.yesterday the day before 6.tomor
9、row the next(following)day 7.here there e go 9.This week(month,year)that week(month,year)10.next week(month,year)the next week(month,year)11.three days(weeks,months,years,hours,)ago three days(weeks,months,years,hours,)before 12.last week(month,year)the week(month,year)before 1.She said,“I will come
10、 this morning.”She said that she would go that morning.2.He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.3.He said,“It is nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.4.He said,“I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.5.She said,“I went there yester
11、day.”She said that she had gone there the day before.6.She said,“Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next(following)day.7.He said,“My sister was here three days ago.”He said that his sister had been there three days before.8.She said,“I will come here this evening.”She said t
12、hat she would go there that evening.第二类直接引语是祈使句 直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，须将动词原形变为动词不定式，并在动词不定式之前用 tell,ask,order,command 等及物动词加宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式前加not.eg.She said to us,“Please sit down.”她对我们说：“请坐”。She told us to sit down.她请我们坐下。He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”他说：“孩子们，不要弄这么大的声响。”He asked the boys no
13、t to make so much noise.他让孩子们不要弄那么大的声响。第三类直接引语是疑问句 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序，句末用句号。直接引语是一般疑问句 变为间接引语时，须由whether 或if来引导。主句中的谓语动词是said 时，要改为asked。eg.He said,“Are you interested in English?”He asked(me)if whether I was interested in English.He said,“Did you see him last night?”He asked(m)whet
14、her I had seen him the night before.直接引语是特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时，须由疑问词引导，并将疑问句结构改为陈述句结构，句末用句号。eg.“What do you want?”he asked me.He asked me what I wanted.He asked me,“Why did you come so late?”He asked me why I had gone so late.1.He said that he was glad to receive my email.2.He asked me whether I was going h
15、ome this weekend.3.She asked how I liked the food there.4.She told me not to ride in the street.5.The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.6.She asked whether I was from the south of China.7.Mom told me not to tell a lie.8.Susan told me that they had visited the Red Star Farm the week
16、before.9.Mr Paul told us that light travels faster than sound.10.The manager asked him to go and post the letters.P451.Bill asked if Joe would give it to Father.2.Bill said that if Joe give it to Father,he would have to run away from home again.3.Joe said that he had never done such a thing before.4
17、.Bill asked Joe to tell the master he was sorry.5.She said that she would finish her work the next day.6.My father said that she had worked there twenty years before.7.His father told him not to leave the door open.8.He asked me why I had done it.Reading 1.stay away from 脱离，缺席 eg.That day,three of u
18、s stayed away from the meeting.2.stay away from school 逃课 eg.He always stays away from school,which makes his patents upset.promise sb.承诺，答应某人 promise to do sth.promise sb.(not)to do sth.eg.I promise you not to say that.He promised to attend the meeting,but he didt appear.I promised to meet you at f
19、ive oclock.3.wil have to 不得不，不能不 eg.If you can not pick me up,I will have to stay at the airport.4.tell a lie tell lies 说谎 eg.The boy promised his father not to tell a lie any more.5.threaten sb.threaten(not)to do sth.threaten sb.(not)to do sth.eg.His father threatened to beat the boy if he stole ag
20、ain.6.keep silent 保持沉默 eg.When we returned to the classroom,the teacher asked us to keep silent.7.take out of.从拿出 eg.The young man took the key out of his pocket and opened the door.8.throwaway 把扔掉 eg.What did you throw away?Why did you throw such good fruits away?9.Whats the matter?eg.Hi!John,you l
21、ook down.Whats the matter?10.trust sb.信任某人 eg.You cant trust me.She cant take care of your baby.11.tell the truth 说实话，说实在的 eg.To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.12.not any more.不再，再也不.eg.I will not go shopping with you any more.I dont want to talk with you any more.13.take on 担心，不安，激动 eg.Dont t
22、ake on so!别太当回事。14.lie down 躺下 eg.please lie down for a e to oneself 苏醒过来 eg.When he came to himself,he found everything was gone.P44 1.Bill threatened and pleaded in this way in order to persuade Joe not to give the note to father.2.Bill didnt want the master to know what had happened.3.Bill made u
23、p his mind not to stay away from school any more and he would study hard from then on.speaking Situation 1:-Hi,Peter,what happened?You promised to return my money the next day.But one week has passed.-Oh!I forget.Now,here is the money.Im very sorry.It wont happen again.Situation 2-Tom,Im feeling ver
24、y sad about what you did.You shouldnt have had my bike broken.Whats worse,you returned it to me as it was.-Oh,it was careless of me to do such a thing.I would have had it repaired,but I was just about to do it when my cousin came to see me.And I had to go to visit my grandpa with him.-Oh,that is how
25、 it is.-After all,its my fault.I should have explained it to you.I am sorry.-Never mind,it doesnt matter.writing Hi!Liu Tao,I am sorry to hear about your problem and thank you for your trust.You know,we all like you,because you are honest and easy-going.It is always easier to make friends than to ke
26、ep them.You are feeling upset about your friends misunderstanding you.In my opinion,you should have a frank talk with your friends.Tell them you are their best friend and you have never done such things.If they are your true friends,they will trust you.While if they dont,it doesnt matter.After all,y
27、ou have done your best.Let them alone.I hope my advice is helpful and I wish you happy.Good luck!Yours truly,Li Hua Dear Mr Smith,I have to apologize to you now for my absence from the appointment this Friday afternoon.The manager has asked me to go to Beijing on business and I wont return until next Monday.So I am afraid that we can not meet each other this Friday afternoon.And if it is convenient for you to make another date,please keep me informed of it as soon as possible.Ill be looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li HuaNvenient for
