1、小学英语语法总复习小学英语语法总复习 1 1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加-s-s,名词复数规则名词复数规则如:如:book-bookbook-books s,bag-bag,bag-bags s,cat-cat cat-cats s,bed-bed,bed-beds s2 2以以s.x.sh.chs.x.sh.ch结结尾,加尾,加-es-es,如:如:bus-busbus-buseses,box-box,box-boxeses,brush-brushbrush-brusheses,watch-watch,watch-watcheses如:如:family-familfamily-fam
2、ili ieses,strawberry-strawberrstrawberry-strawberri ieses3 3以以“辅辅音字母音字母 y y”结结尾,尾,变变y y为为i,i,再加再加-es-es 4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives leafleaves 5不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanesev写出下列各词的复数
3、写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ vher _ watch _ child _vphoto _ diary _ day_ vfoot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ you _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ 一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能一般现在时的功能 一般现在时一般现在时2.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:如:The sky is blue.The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。天空是蓝色的。如
4、:如:I get up at six every day.I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。我天天六点起床。如:如:The earth goes around the sun.The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。1.1.表示事物或人物的特征、表示事物或人物的特征、状态状态。3.3.表示客表示客观现实观现实。一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成1.1.bebe动词动词:主语主语 be(am,is,are)be(am,is,are)其它其它。如:如:我是一个男孩。我是一个男孩。_2.2.行为动词行为动词:主语主语
5、 行为动词行为动词(其它其它)。如:。如:We study English.We study English.我们学习英语。我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)(he,she,it)时,时,要在动词要在动词 后加后加“-s-s”或或“-es-es”如:玛丽喜欢汉语。如:玛丽喜欢汉语。_I am a boy.I am a boy.Mary Mary likeslikes Chinese.Chinese.1.1.bebe动词的变化动词的变化。否定句否定句:主语主语 be not be not 其它其它。如:如:He is not a worker.He is
6、 not a worker.他不是工人。他不是工人。讲义共享讲义共享一般疑问句一般疑问句:Be Be 主语主语 其它其它。如:如:-Are you a student?-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词 一般疑问句一般疑问句。如:如:Where is my bike?Where is my bike?一般现在时的变化一般现在时的变化 2.行为动词的变化。行为动词的变化。否定句否定句:主语主语 dont(doesnt)动词原形动词原形(其它其它)。如:如:I dont lik
7、e bread.当主语为第三人称单数,用当主语为第三人称单数,用doesnt构成否定句构成否定句 如:如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:Do(Does)Do(Does)主语主语 动词原形动词原形 其它。其它。如如-Do you often play football?-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数,要用当主语为第三人称单数,要用doesdoes构成一般构成一般疑问句疑问句 如如 -Does she go to work by bi
8、ke?-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.动词动词 s的变化规则的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加-s,如:如:cook-cooks,milk-milks 2以以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加结尾,加-es,如:如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3以以“辅音字母辅音字母 y”结尾,变结尾,变y为为i,再加再加-es,如如study-studies一、一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
9、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on 4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cu
10、p?5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6._ your parents _(read)6._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?newspapers every day?7.The girl _(teach)us English on 7.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.Sundays.8.She and I _(take)a walk 8.She and I _(take)a walk together every evening.together every evenin
11、g.三、按照要求改写句子三、按照要求改写句子1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否改为否定句定句)_v2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑改为一般疑问句,作否定回答问句,作否定回答)_v3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答答)_ 4.We go to school every morning.(改为否定改为否定句句)_改错改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English?_2.Does
12、 he likes going fishing?_3.He likes play games after class._4.Mr.Wu teachs us English._5.She dont do her homework on Sundays._现在进行时现在进行时5 5、现现在在进进行行时时的的特殊疑特殊疑问问的基本的基本结构为结构为:疑疑问词问词+be+be动词动词+主主语语+doing+doing+其其它它?但疑但疑问词当问词当主主语时语时其其结构为结构为:疑疑问词问词+be+be动词动词+doing+doing+其其它它?1 1、现现在在进进行行时时表示表示现现在正在在正在进进行
13、或行或发发生的生的动动作作,也可表示也可表示当当前一段前一段时间内时间内的活的活动动或或现阶现阶段正在段正在进进行的行的动动作。作。2 2、现现在在进进行行时时的的肯定句基本肯定句基本结构结构为为be be 动词动词inging.3 3、现现在在进进行行时时的的否定句否定句在在bebe后加后加notnot。4 4、现现在在进进行行时时的的一般疑一般疑问问句句把把bebe动词调动词调到句首到句首。动词加动词加ing的变化规则的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加ing,如:如:cook-cooking 2以不发音的以不发音的e结尾,去结尾,去e加加ing,如:如:make-making
14、,taste-tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing如:如:run-running,stop-stoppingv现在进行时专项练习:现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:run_ swim _make_ begin_ go_ like_ write_ shop _have _ sing _dance _put_ see_ love_ live_ take_come _ get _ stop_ sit _ 用所给的动词的正确形式填空:用所给的动词的正确
15、形式填空:1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.句型转换:1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_一般将来时一般将来时一、概念:表
16、示一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状将要发生的动作或存在的状态及态及 打算、计划或预备做某事。打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般句中一般有以下有以下时间状语时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,the day after tomorrow(后天)等。(后天)等。二、基本结构:二、基本结构:be going to do;will do.一般将来时一般将来时否定句否定句:在:在be动词(动词(am,is,are)l后加后加not或或情态动词情态动词will后加后加not成成wont。例如:例如:Im going to have a picnic
17、 this afternoon.Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.一般疑问句一般疑问句:bebe或或willwill提到句首,提到句首,somesome改为改为any,andany,and改为改为oror,第一二人称互换。,第一二人称互换。例如:例如:We are going to go on an outing tWe are going to go on an outing this weekend.his weekend.Are Are you going to go on an you going to go on an outi
18、ng this weekendouting this weekend五、五、对划线部分提问对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。分有三种情况。六、六、同义句同义句:be going to=willbe going to=willI I am going toam going to go swimming tomorrow go swimming tomorrow(明天)(明天).=I=I will will go swimming tomorrow.go swimming tomorrow.3 3、问问什什么时么时候候。WhenWhen.例
19、如:例如:SheShes going to go tos going to go to bed bed at nine.at nine.When is she going When is she going to bed?to bed?2 2、问问干什干什么么。What What do do.例如:例如:My father is My father is going to going to watch a racewatch a race with me this with me this afternoon.afternoon.WhatWhat is is your father going
20、 to your father going to dodo with you this afternoon with you this afternoon.1 1、问问人。人。Who Who 例如:例如:I Im going to New York soon.m going to New York soon.WhoWhos going to New York soon.s going to New York soon.练习:填空。练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a pic
21、nic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮我想去打篮What _ _ _ _ _next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes,she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?v用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1
22、.Today is a sunny day.We _(have)a picnic this afternoon.v2.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.v3.Tom often _(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He _(go)to school by bike.v用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。v4.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects?v5.Its Friday today
23、.What _she _(do)this weekend?She _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects.一般过去时一般过去时 1一般一般过过去去时时表示表示过过去某去某个时间发个时间发生的生的动动作或作或 存在的存在的状态状态,常和,常和表示表示过过去的去的时间状语时间状语连连用。一般用。一般过过去去时时也表示也表示过过去去经经常或反常或反复发复发生的生的动动作作。2 2BeBe动词动词在一般在一般过过去去时时中的中的变变化:化:am am 和和is is在一般在一般过过去去时时中中变为变为waswas (was not=wasnwas not=wasnt t)area
24、re在一般在一般过过去去时时中中变为变为werewere。(were not=werenwere not=werent t)3 3句中句中没没有有bebe动词动词的一般的一般过过去去时时的句子的句子 否定句:否定句:didndidnt t 动词动词原形,原形,如:如:Jim didnJim didnt go home yesterday.t go home yesterday.动词过去式变化规则:动词过去式变化规则:1一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:如:work-worked,2结尾是结尾是e加加d,如:,如:live-lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母末尾只有一个元
25、音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的重读闭音节,应,应双写末尾的辅音字母双写末尾的辅音字母,再,再加加-ed ed 如:如:stop-stopped 4以以“辅音字母辅音字母 y”结尾的,变结尾的,变y为为i,再加再加-ed,如:,如:study-studied5不规则动词过去式:不规则动词过去式:am、is-was,are-were,do-did see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read
26、,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat 用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空1.It _(be)Bens birthday last Friday.2.We all _(have)a good time last night.3.He _(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen _(milk)a cow on Friday.用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空5.She likes _ newspapers,but she _a book yesterday.(read)6._ they
27、 _(sweep)the floor on Sunday?No,they _.7.I _(watch)a cartoon on Monday.形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事两个事物或人的比较用比较级物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带,比较级后面一般带有单词有单词than。比较级前面可以用比较级前面可以用more,a little 来修饰表示程度。来修饰表示程度。than后的后的人称代词用主格人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。(口语中可用宾格)。形容词加形容词
28、加er的规则:的规则:一般在词尾加一般在词尾加er;以字母以字母e 结尾,加结尾,加r;以以元音字母和辅音字母结尾元音字母和辅音字母结尾,应,应双写末尾的辅双写末尾的辅音字母,再加音字母,再加er;以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾结尾,先,先把把y变变i,再加,再加er 不不规则规则形容形容词词比比较级较级:good-better,good-better,beautiful-more beautiful beautiful-more beautiful。二、副词的比较级二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别形容词与副词的区别(有有be用形,有形用用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动有动用副,有副
29、用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之动词之后后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同同(不规则变化:不规则变化:well-better,far-farther写出下列形容词或副词的比较级写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_late_ early_ f
30、ar_ well_根据句意填入单词的正确形式:根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your sister _(young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.5._Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?Yes,she _.6.Fangfang is not as _(tall)as the other girls.7.My eyes are _(big)than
31、_(she).8.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?9._the girls get up _(early)than the boys?No,they_.翻译句子:翻译句子:1、谁比、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。年纪大?是你。_ is _than Jim?_ are2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _.All my_ _ _than me.3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or_?_is,I think.翻译句子:翻译句子:4.我
32、母亲比我父亲年纪小。我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _.5.多做运动,你会更强壮。多做运动,你会更强壮。_ more exercise,youll _ _soon.There be There be 句型与句型与have,hashave,has的区别的区别1 1、There beThere be 句型表示:句型表示:在某地有某人在某地有某人/物物2 2、在、在there be there be 句型中,主语是句型中,主语是单数单数,be be 动动词用词用isis;主语是主语是复数复数,be be 动词用动词用areare;如如有几件物品,有几件物品,be be 动词根据最
33、近动词根据最近be be 动词的那动词的那个名词决定。个名词决定。There be 句型句型与与have,has的的区别区别3、there be 句型的句型的否定句在否定句在be 动词动词后加后加not,一般疑一般疑问问句把句把be 动词调动词调到句首到句首。4、there be句型句型与与have(has)的的区别区别:there be表示在某地有某人表示在某地有某人/物;物;have(has)表示某人表示某人拥拥有某物。有某物。5、some 和和any 在在there be 句型中的运用句型中的运用some 用于肯定用于肯定,any用于否定句或疑问用于否定句或疑问句。句。6、and 和和o
34、r 在在there be句型中的运用:句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是是:How many+名词复数名词复数+are there+介介词短语?词短语?How much+不可数名词不可数名词+is there+介介词短语?词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是是:Whats+介词短语介词短语Fill in the blank with“have,has”or“there is,there are”1.I _ a good f
35、ather and a good mother.2._a telescope on the desk.3.He_ a tape-recorder.4._a basketball in the playground.5.She_ some dresses.人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1 1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于(有时候位于than than 之后),之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。之后。2 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形
36、容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。性则单独使用,后面不带名词。人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词 主格主格 宾格宾格 形容词性形容词性 名词性名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1.That is not _kite.That kite is very small,but _is v
37、ery big.(I)2.The dress is _.Give it to _(she)3._is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are_(he)4.I can find my toy,but wheres _?(you)5.Show _ your kite,OK?(they)用用am,is,are填空。填空。1.That _ my red skirt.2.Who _ I?3.The jeans _ on the desk.4.The black gloves _ for Su Yang.5.This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling.6.The two cups of milk _ for me.7.Some tea _ in the glass.