1、时态的特殊用法时态的特殊用法英语时态英语时态和汉语时态的区别和汉语时态的区别能找出每种时态所对应能找出每种时态所对应的生活中的时间的生活中的时间掌握每种时态的掌握每种时态的陈述句陈述句/疑问句疑问句/否定句否定句表示将来含义的表示将来含义的五种表达方式五种表达方式时时:对时间的划分对时间的划分态态:每种时间对应的每种时间对应的谓语动词谓语动词独特的表示方式独特的表示方式汉语中汉语中只有时没有态只有时没有态我正在学习我打算学习我爱学习I am studying I will study I like to study时态的含义-时间表示法 一一:时，即每种时态对应一个时间段，学习时态一时，即每种
2、时态对应一个时间段，学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间。定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间。这是理解的问题这是理解的问题 二二:态，即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式。这态，即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式。这点和汉语存在巨大的差别。汉语中表达时间只需点和汉语存在巨大的差别。汉语中表达时间只需要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了，而英语除了要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了，而英语除了时间词上做变化，谓语动词也要有相应的变化。时间词上做变化，谓语动词也要有相应的变化。汉语和英语对于时间不同的划分方法一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时一般过
3、去一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时汉语汉语英语英语只有只有“时时”没有没有“态态”既有既有“时时”又有又有“态态”时间结构划分时间结构划分:过去过去-现在现在-将来将来时间结构划分时间结构划分:过去的细划分过去的细划分我平时在7点起床今天我打算在8点起床我正在起床昨天我7点起床的昨天7点我正在起床昨天我打算在8点起床昨天7点我已经起床了今天7点我已经起床了1.I get up at 7:00.2.I will get up at 8.I am going to get up at 8.3.I am getting up now4.I have gotten
4、 up till 7:00.5.I got up at 7 last morning6.I was getting up at 7 last morning7.I would get up at 8 last morning.I was going to get up at 8.8.I had gotten up till 8 last morning这座山终年云雾缭绕这座山昨天云雾缭绕我明天想游览这座山我正在爬山我昨天下午正在爬山我今天已经爬过这座山了我昨天想游览这山我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了八八 种种 时时 态态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行
5、时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般现在时的两层含义经常发生的动作或存在的状态I go to school by bike 我骑车上学It is very hot.天很热客观事实或普遍真理The sun rises in the east.太阳从东升起易错点:上下文用过去时,表示客观真理仍然要用一般现在时He said that the earth is round.他说地球是圆的 He said“I will kill you.”He said that he would kill him.He said“the earth is round
6、.”He said that the earth is round一般现在时一般现在时陈述句陈述句基本结构基本结构陈述句陈述句Be 动词类(状态)行为动词类(动作)I amHe/she/it(单)+isYou/they/we(复)+are主(复)+v(原)They like game.主(单)+VsHe likes game.一般疑问句一般疑问句的的基本结构基本结构He is a student.Is he a student?行为动词行为动词分清分清单复数单复数They like game.Do they like game?He likes game.Does he like game?否
7、定句否定句的的基本结构基本结构He is a student.He is not a student.行为动词行为动词分清分清单复数单复数They like game.They do not like gameHe likes game.He does not like gamel在状语从句中在状语从句中,如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义,那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.lI will go if it is fine tomorrow.l如果明天好天我就去如果明天好天我就去lWe shall be away when
8、he arrives.l他一来我们就离开他一来我们就离开lI wont go out unless you agree.l我不会出去除非你同意我不会出去除非你同意 If it is rainy tomorrow,I will sleep/fall asleep at home When she gets home,I will finish dinner.As soon as you come,I will go.Her mother will look after her if she is ill练习(用一般现在时完成句子)1.Your shoes(be)under the bed.2.I
9、(be)very well,thank you.3.We(have)many books.4.She(have)a book in her hand.5.I(live)in Kai Feng.6.He(watch)TV every evening.7.She never(get)up late.8.He(not care)what you do.请将3,6,8句改成疑问句和否定句l表示现在正在发生的动作表示现在正在发生的动作,强调眼前这一点强调眼前这一点.lIm writing a letter.我正在写信我正在写信lThey are learning English.他们正在学英语他们正在学
10、英语lIs it raining now?现在下雨了吗现在下雨了吗?和和come,go leave,start,arrive等词连用等词连用,表示即将发生的动作表示即将发生的动作.lIm seeing him tomorrow.我准备明天看他我准备明天看他lWhat are you doing next week?你下周打算干什么你下周打算干什么?陈述句陈述句主主+be+Ving+12I am teaching.我正在教书我正在教书疑问句疑问句Be+主主+Ving+?12Are you teaching?否定句否定句主主+Be not+Ving+.12I am not teaching.我现在
11、不教书我现在不教书练习1(用括号内词组回答问题)1.What are you doing now?2.(read a book)3.(walk through the park)4.(open a bottle)5.(drink tea)6.(have lunch)7.(look at some pictures)将上面1和7两个句子改为否定句和疑问句表示以现在为起点,将要发生的事情.lHe will go swimming tomorrow.他准备明天游泳lHe is going to go swimming tomorrow.lThey will go swimming tomorrow他
12、们准备明天游泳lThey are going to go swimming tomorrow.一般将来时一般将来时两种两种常用表达方式常用表达方式主主+will+V原原+12He will go home after class下课后他准备回家下课后他准备回家They will go home after class下课后他们准备回家下课后他们准备回家主主+be going to+V原原+12He is going to go home.They are going to go home.陈述句陈述句主主+will+V原原+12He will go home.他准备回家他准备回家疑问句疑问句w
13、ill+主主+V原原+?12Will he go home?他准备回家吗他准备回家吗?否定句否定句主主+will not+V原原+12He will not go home.他不准备回家他不准备回家陈述句陈述句主主+be going to+V原原+12He is going to go home.他准备回家他准备回家疑问句疑问句Be+主主+going to+V原原+?12Is he going to go home?他准备回家吗他准备回家吗?否定句否定句主主+be not going to+V原原+12He is not going to go home.他不准备回家他不准备回家表示表示将来时
14、间含义将来时间含义四种方式四种方式一般将来时一般将来时主主+will+V原原主主+be going to+V原原一般现在时一般现在时主句将来时主句将来时,从句用从句用一般现在时表示将来一般现在时表示将来现在进行时现在进行时瞬间动词做谓语瞬间动词做谓语,表示将来含义表示将来含义练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句 You will be late.We will stay with them.He is going to learn English.They will fly to London tomorrow.表示过去某段时间发生的动作,反复发生的动作或存在的状态.lHe went swimm
15、ing yesterday.他昨天去游泳了lThey liked going swimming 他们以前喜欢游泳lHe was a teacher.他以前是老师lThey were teachers.他们以前是老师一般过去时一般过去时陈述句陈述句基本结构基本结构陈述句陈述句Be 动词类(状态)行为动词类(动作)I+wasHe/she/it(单)+wasYou/they/we(复)+were主+V过去式They liked game.They came here.一般疑问句一般疑问句的的基本结构基本结构He was a student.Was he a student?行为动词行为动词无无单复数
16、单复数They liked game.Did they like game?He liked game.Did he like game?否定句否定句的的基本结构基本结构He was a student.He was not a student.行为动词行为动词They liked game.They did not like gameHe liked game.He did not like game一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时陈述句陈述句主主+am/is/are+its here主主(单单)+Vs He likes it.主主(复复)+V原原 They like it.主主+w
17、as/were+.It was here主主(单单/复复)+VedHe/they liked it.疑问句疑问句Be+主主+?Does+主主(单单)+V原原?Do+主主(复复)+V原原?Was/were+主主+?Did+主主(单单/复复)+V原原?Did he/they like it?否定句否定句主主+be not+主主(单单)+does not+V原原主主(复复)+do not+V原原主主+was/were+not.主主(单单/复复)+did not+V原原现在时现在时过去时过去时Now现在现在Then 那时那时Today 今天今天That day那天那天Tomorrow明天明天The n
18、ext day第二天第二天Tomorrow morning明天早晨明天早晨The next morning第二天早晨第二天早晨Last night.昨天晚上昨天晚上We are studying now.我们正在学习我们正在学习We studied then.我们那时候学习我们那时候学习Ago Before时间段时间段+agoA month ago 一个月之前一个月之前Before+具体时间具体时间Before 19991999年之前年之前He lived in here a month ago.他一个月以前住在这里他一个月以前住在这里He lived in here before 1999.
19、他他1999年以前住在这里年以前住在这里练习:ago与before 例例:I entered middle school(大约五年前大约五年前).I entered middle school about 5 years ago.They came here(暑假前暑假前)and I met them(三天三天前前)It was very cold(春节前春节前)He lived in Kai Feng(2002年以前年以前)She decided to do it(3分钟以前分钟以前)最难的地方是和一般过去时的时间上的区别最难的地方是和一般过去时的时间上的区别.现在完成时是以过去为时间起点现
20、在完成时是以过去为时间起点,但是说话人着眼于现在的结果但是说话人着眼于现在的结果,而不管过去是什么时候发生的而不管过去是什么时候发生的.正在射击He is shooting.他正在射击他正在射击刚才射击He shot.他刚才射击他刚才射击刚才射击刚才射击,一直射击到一直射击到现在现在(完成时完成时)He has shot till now.他到现在一直在射击他到现在一直在射击现在完成时(从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成)He did his homework just now他刚才做作业他刚才做作业He did his homework just now(他刚才做作业他刚才做作业)he has
21、done till now.(一直到现在仍然在做一直到现在仍然在做).he has done over 3 hours(他一直写了三个小他一直写了三个小时时)现在完成时You are a student now你现在是个学生You have been a student since 1996你从1996年就是学生.You have been a student for 9 years你作为一个学生已经九年了.陈述句陈述句主主+has/have+过去分词过去分词+12Ha has worked for 9 hours.他已他已经工作九小时了经工作九小时了疑问句疑问句Has/have+主主+过去分
22、词过去分词+?12Has he worked for 9 hours?他已经工作九个小时了吗他已经工作九个小时了吗?否定句否定句主主+has/have not+过去分词过去分词+12He has not worked for 9 hours他还没有工作九个小时他还没有工作九个小时come,go,leave,arrive,join,die,marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的,故不能和since for等表示一段时间的状语连用 He has come to BJ for 7 years He has left BJ for 2 years He has joined the Army for
23、3 years.He has died for 5 years.He has been in BJ for 7 years 他在北京七年了他在北京七年了He has been away BJ for 2 years 他离开北京两年了他离开北京两年了He has been in the Army for 3 years.他参加军队三年他参加军队三年了了He has been dead for 5 years.他已经去世他已经去世5年了年了经常用的几个转换 He died 3 years ago.He has been dead for 3 years.He went to HZC 3 days
24、ago he has been in HZC for 3 days.He married 3 days ago.he has been married for 3 days.The student bought the book two days ago.(完成完成)The student _ _ the book _ two days ago.现在完成时(特殊用法,注意区别)Have gone to sp已经去某地已经去某地He has gone to zz他已经去郑州了他已经去郑州了.Have been to sp曾去过某地曾去过某地He has been to zz他曾去过郑州他曾去过郑
25、州since、for的区别Since+具体时间点具体时间点自从自从只用于完成时中只用于完成时中He has been a student since 1996他他从从96年就是学生了年就是学生了For+一段时间一段时间已经一段时间已经一段时间可用于完成可用于完成,一般现在一般现在,一般一般过去时过去时He has been a student for 9 years他他做学生已经做学生已经9年了年了.Bake the cake for 40 minutes烤这个烤这个蛋糕蛋糕40分分.1.表示过去正在发生的动作表示过去正在发生的动作,强调过去这一点强调过去这一点.2.有表示过去的时间提示有表示
26、过去的时间提示(或上下文或上下文/或有时间词或有时间词)lI was writing a letter that time.我那时正在写信我那时正在写信lThey were learning English last night.他们正在学英语他们正在学英语lwas it raining at that time?那时正在下雨了吗那时正在下雨了吗?陈述句陈述句主主+was/were+Ving+12I was teaching then.我那时正在教书我那时正在教书疑问句疑问句Was/were+主主+Ving+?12were you teaching then?你那时正在教书吗你那时正在教书吗?
27、否定句否定句主主+was/were not+Ving+12I was not teaching then.我那时不教书我那时不教书现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时陈述句陈述句主主+be+ving We are studying now.主主+was/were+ving.We were studying then.我们那时正在学习我们那时正在学习疑问句疑问句Be+主主+ving?Are you studying now?Was/were+主主+ving?Were you studying then?否定句否定句主主+be not+vingWe are not studying now.主
28、主+was/were not+ving.We were not studying then.表示以过去某一时间点为起点,将要发生的事情.l That day he said he would go to school.那天他说他准备去上学lThey told me that they would go to school.他们告诉我他们准备去上学lThey told me that they were going to go to school.他们告诉我他们准备去上学现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时陈述句陈述句主主+will+v We will study tomorrow.我们明天
29、打算学习我们明天打算学习主主+would+v.We would study the next day.我们第二天学习我们第二天学习疑问句疑问句Will+主主+v?Will you study tomorrow?Will+主主+v?would you study the next day?你们第二天打算学习你们第二天打算学习?否定句否定句主主+will not+vWe will not study tomorrow.主主+will not+v.We will not study the next day.我们第二天不打算学习我们第二天不打算学习过去将来时过去将来时两种两种常用表达方式常用表达方式
30、主主+would+V原原+12He would go home after class that day那天下课后他准备回家那天下课后他准备回家They would go home after class that day那天下课后他们准备回家那天下课后他们准备回家主主+was/were going to+V原原+12He was going to go home that day.They were going to go home that day.陈述句陈述句主主+would+V原原+12He would go home that day.疑问句疑问句Would+主主+V原原+?12Wo
31、uld he go home that day?否定句否定句主主+would not+V原原+12He would not go home that day.陈述句陈述句主主+was/were going to+V原原+12He was going to go home that day.疑问句疑问句Was/were+主主+going to+V原原+?12was he going to go home that day?否定句否定句主主+was/were not going to+V原原+.12He was not going to go home that day.到过去某一时间点已经完成的
32、动作或状态到过去某一时间点已经完成的动作或状态,并且可能继续延续下去并且可能继续延续下去.其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看到昨天下午到昨天下午3点我的作业已经写完了点我的作业已经写完了I had finished my homework till the last day 3:oo P.M.陈述句陈述句主主+had+过去分词过去分词+12He had worked a student for 9 hours last night.他已经工作九小时他已经工作九小时了了疑问句疑问句had+主主+过去分词过去分词+?12Had he worked for 9 hour
33、s last night?昨晚他已经工作九个小时了吗昨晚他已经工作九个小时了吗?否定句否定句主主+had not+过去分词过去分词+12He has not worked for 9 hours last night.昨晚昨晚他还没有工作九个小时他还没有工作九个小时陈述句中没有助动词的陈述句中没有助动词的一般现在时一般过去时陈述句中有助动词的陈述句中有助动词的现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时陈述句中没有助动词的陈述句中没有助动词的一般现在时一般现在时主主+be+主主+v(复复)/vs(单单)一般过去时一般过去时主主+was/were/+主主+过去式过去式+陈述句中有
34、助动词的陈述句中有助动词的一般将来时一般将来时主主+will(1)+v原原(2)主主+be going to(1)+v原原(2)过去将来时过去将来时主主+would(1)+v原原(2)主主+was/were going to(1)+v原原(2)现在进行时现在进行时主主+be(1)+ving(2)过去进行时过去进行时主主+was/were(1)+ving(2)现在完成时现在完成时主主+has/have(1)+过去分词过去分词(2)过去完成时过去完成时主主+had(1)+过去分词过去分词(2)It _(rain)when I _(wake up)last Saturday.It always _(
35、rain)when I am not working.We_(plan)to go to the seaside,but in the end we_(decide)to go to the theatre instead.We _(miss)the bus,and _(arrive)late.we _(arrange)to meet John outside the theatre and he_(wait)for 20 minutes when we_(get)there.The play_(already start)when we_(go)in Its Monday again tod
36、ay,and I _(work)as usual.I _(sit)here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do)much work yet.I(feel)to fed up to work.I _(already have)my holiday this year.I _(go)to scotland in July and it_(rain)every day.Tomorrow I_(book)a holiday for next April in Spain.综合练习(2)接上文 Its Monday again toda
37、y,and I _(work)as usual.I _(sit)here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do)much work yet.I(feel)to fed up to work.I _(already have)my holiday this year.I _(go)to scotland in July and it_(rain)every day.Tomorrow I_(book)a holiday for next April in Spain.综合练习(答案)Was raining Woke uprainsHad planneddecidedmissedarrivedHad arrangedHad waitedgotHad already startedwentAm working Have sitHave not doneFeel(am feeling)Have already hadwentrainedWill book
