1、English Basic Tenses(时态时态)动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解,其中时态和语态的理解,其中一般过去时、现一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时在完成时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为的运用出现得最为频繁。此外,为了增加试题的区分度,命频繁。此外,为了增加试题的区分度,命题者还常常把动词的题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓时态和语态以及主谓一致结合一致结合在一起考查。在一起考查。学习目标学习目标1、高考考查的九种时态是:一般现在时,、高考考查的九种时态是:一般现在时
2、,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,现在完成进行时。过去将来时,现在完成进行时。2、容易混淆的三组动词时态是:一般过、容易混淆的三组动词时态是:一般过去时和现在完成时;一般过去时和过去完去时和现在完成时;一般过去时和过去完成时;现在完成时与现在完成进行时。成时;现在完成时与现在完成进行时。他昨天他昨天来来了了.他已经他已经来来了了.他明天他明天来来.汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过
3、谓语动词时态谓语动词时态变化变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.动词的时态动词的时态二、易混时态辨析二、易混时态辨析一、基本时态一、基本时态 综合练习综合练习How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动使用实意动词和系动词词和系动词,注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)Example:I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends.We a
4、lways _(play)football and basketball together and we _(not)have so much homework to do as now.We _(be)happy at that time.spentplayed didntwere1.结构结构:谓语动词用谓语动词用动词过去式动词过去式2.用法用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如如 yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in 1982等。等。构成规则构成规则
5、动词原形动词原形一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音;在浊辅音和元音后读和元音后读/d/;在;在/t/,/d/后读后读/id/。look play work 结尾是结尾是e的动词在末尾加的动词在末尾加-dlike live hope 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加母,再加-edplan stop drop 结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母y”的动词,的动词,先变先变“y”为为“I”再加再加-edstudy worry cry 呀,不知道你在这呀,不知道你在这儿!以为
6、你在美国!儿!以为你在美国!Oh,I didnt know you were here.I thought you were in America.1.I _ you not to move my dictionary -now I cannot find it.(2004全国全国III)A.asked B.ask C.was asking D.had asked2.-Have you decided already?-Yes,I_ at once.A.have decided B.decided C.will decide D.had decided-Yes,I_ already.How i
7、s your daily life as a high school student?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)二二.一般现在时一般现在时(The Present Indefinite)1.结构结构:主语为主语为第三人称单数第三人称单数,谓动要变化谓动要变化,其其余人称用原形余人称用原形.I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates,but sometimes I miss my families.规则规则动词原形动词原形一
8、般在词尾加一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音后读,在浊辅音后读/z/;在;在t后后读读/ts/,在在d后读后读/dz/。)playy leave swim 以字母以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加结尾的词加-es,读读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加则只加-s。pass fix teach wish do 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变结尾的词,先变y为为i,再加再加-es,读读/z/study carry fly 2.用法用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如间状语连
9、用,如often/usually,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday。2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.1.The boy usually_(get)to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travels3)表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,r
10、eturn等动词中,常与时等动词中,常与时间状语连用如:间状语连用如:The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.Dad said to me,“I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.”Dad told me(that)he _ (buy)a computer for me if I could pass the exam.would buy三三.过去将来时过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)1.用法用法:过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间
11、看将要发生的动作或存在的状态将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句常用于宾语从句中中.2.结构结构:1)Should/would+动词原形动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.2).其他形式其他形式 was(were)going to was(were)to +动词原形动词原形 was(were)about to犹如 pictureHow will you spend your Spring Festival holiday?I willIm going to四四.一般
12、将来时一般将来时(The Simple Future Tense)1.will/be going to do2.be+to do,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to have an exam this week.3.be about to do,表示马上做某事表示马上做某事,不能与明确不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用表示将来的时间状语连用.He is about to leave for Beijing.What are they doing now?They are having a class.五五.现在进行时现在进行时(The Present C
13、ontinuous Tense)2.用法:用法:1)表示现在表示现在(指说话时指说话时)正在发生的事情。正在发生的事情。We are having English class now.2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说但说话时动作未必正在进行。话时动作未必正在进行。She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.1.结构结构:be(am,are,is)+doing3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于表示移动的动词多用于表示移动的动词,如如:come,go,start,arriv
14、e,leave,stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?规则规则原形原形一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-inglisten spend stay 以不发音字母以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加再加-inghave prepare close 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加辅音字母,再加-ingsit begin run put 以以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉为重读音
15、节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把把i改为改为y,再加再加-inglie die 以以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写先双写r,再加,再加-ing;如不是重读;如不是重读音节结尾,就直接加音节结尾,就直接加-ingprefer water On August 8,2008,the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.What were you doing on that day?六六.过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)1.结构:结构:was/were+doing2.用法用法:表
16、示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。作或状态。常用的时间状语常用的时间状语at ten yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,whileEnglish,boring or funny?Q1:How old were you when you first started learning English?Q2:How long have you learnt English?A:We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.
17、七七.现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)1.结构结构:have(has)+过去分词过去分词2.用法用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始,一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词通常用于延续性动词.常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如如:so far,up to now,recently,in the past 6 years,since,for 等等等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2).表示发生在过去的某一动作表示发生
18、在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响对现在造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once等等等等.We have finished our lunch already.Have you ever tried this method?3.用现在完成时的典型场合用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间过去时间”或或“since接接that从句(从句中从句(从句中用一般过去时)用一般过去时)”则句中用现在完成时则句中用现在完成时,e.g.I havent seen her since last week.Where hav
19、e you been since I last saw you?2句中有句中有so far/in(for/during)the past(last)years(months)/up to now/until now e.g.So far there has been no news.3“It/This/That is the first(second/third)timethat从句从句”或或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句从句”或或“It/This/That is the 最高级最高级 that从句从句”e.g.It/This/That is the first
20、 time that I have come to Zhejiang.It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(注(注:以上句型把以上句型把is改为改为was,则从句时态相应改为则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态)过去完成时态)比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1).一般过去时所表达的事件一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关与现在无关。而现在。而现在
21、完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如:完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如:My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago.(现在不在了(现在不在了)My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years.(目前还在珠海目前还在珠海)I stayed in Beijing five days ago.Then I went to America.(I am not in Beijing now.)I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go
22、next.(I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)He has bought a house.(现在已拥有这房子)(现在已拥有这房子)He bought a house.(现在拥不拥有这房子(现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道不知道,只是知道买了房子只是知道买了房子,现现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了)在可能拥有也可能卖掉了)2).过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的时间状语连用,或无时间状语的时间状语连用,或
23、无时间状语.I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具体的过去时间)年表示具体的过去时间)I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000.(since 2000表示从表示从2000年至今年至今,包包括现在在内括现在在内)I have just bought an apartment.(just表示不表示不确定的时间状语)确定的时间状语)八八.过去完成时过去完成时(The past perfect Tense)1.结构结构:had+过去分词过去分词2.概念:表示过去的过去概念:表示过去
24、的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去的过去 过去现在将来过去现在将来 You graduated(毕业毕业)from Junior Middle School in July 2012.You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).当警察到的时候,小偷已经跑了。当警察到的时候,小偷已经跑了。When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.当我走进教室时,我的学生已经
25、开始读书了。当我走进教室时,我的学生已经开始读书了。had run awayhad begun判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示找到表示“过去过去”的时间点或动作的时间点或动作,然,然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作另一个动作,并且判断该句是否强调,并且判断该句是否强调发生在发生在前。前。The moment I got home,I found I had left my jacket on the playground.比较一般过去时与过去完成时比较一般过去时与过去完成时 在解题时要注意以下几个问题
26、:在解题时要注意以下几个问题:1.这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干中可这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些?参照的时间信息有哪些?2.这个动作处于什么状态?是进行中,还是这个动作处于什么状态?是进行中,还是已结束已结束(完成完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些?信息有哪些?3.这个动作与主语的关系,主动还是被动?这个动作与主语的关系,主动还是被动?只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题,试题只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题,试题的答案也就水落石出了。的答案也就水落石出了。1.她做她的家庭作业。她做她的家庭作业。(一般现在时)(一般现在时)2.她昨天在家做她
27、的家庭作业她昨天在家做她的家庭作业(一般过去时)(一般过去时)3.她明天要在家里做她的家庭作业。她明天要在家里做她的家庭作业。(一般将来时)(一般将来时)4.她本来要做她的家庭作业的,但是没有做。她本来要做她的家庭作业的,但是没有做。(过去将来时)(过去将来时)“做做”的时态的时态4.她昨天正在做她的家庭作业。她昨天正在做她的家庭作业。(过去进行时)(过去进行时)5.她现在正在做她的家庭作业。她现在正在做她的家庭作业。(现在进行时)(现在进行时)6.明天的这个时候,她正在家里做她的家明天的这个时候,她正在家里做她的家庭作业。庭作业。(将来进行时)(将来进行时)7.她昨天已经做完她的家庭作业了她
28、昨天已经做完她的家庭作业了(现在完成时)(现在完成时)8.昨天,在我完成作业前她就已经做完昨天,在我完成作业前她就已经做完作业了。作业了。(过去完成时)(过去完成时)9.明天的这个时候,她就已经做完作业明天的这个时候,她就已经做完作业了。了。(将来完成时)(将来完成时)Exercises1.I usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get)2.Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.3.I _(be)in Beijing for two year
29、s.4.How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?5.He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6.I _ never _(hear)of that man before.7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.8.Lily said she _(put)on the new dress the next day.9._ the story _(happen)in Lo
30、ndon in 1949?10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould putDid happenwasdoing11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.12._ your mother _ (play)the piano every Sunday?13.They _(not)call you the day after tomorrow.14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.15.By the time I
31、 _(walk)into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay 状语从句:主将从现状语从句:主将从现Jenny Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(come)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.Two years ago,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(not h
32、ave)any friends,so she _(feel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit其他几组常见时态的区别其他几组常见时态的区别1.一般现在时和现在进行时一般现在时和现在进行时2.一般过去时和过去进行时一般过去时和过去进行时3.现
33、在完成时和过去完成时现在完成时和过去完成时4.现在完成时和完成进行时现在完成时和完成进行时考点一:一般现在时,现在进行时考点一:一般现在时,现在进行时1.-You are drinking too much.-Only at home.No one _me but you.A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw2.The church tower which will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.A.has restored B.has been restored C.is resto
34、ring D.is being restored 3.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changed C.will change D.changes1.He _ a book about China last year,but I dont know if he _ it.A.wrote;has finished B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had fin
35、ished D.wrote;will finish 2.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 考点二:一般过去时,过去进行时考点二:一般过去时,过去进行时过去进行时表当过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态.结论结论:长动作在进行时长动作在进行时,被一个短动作打断被一个短动作打断,长动长动作用进行体作用进行体,短动作用一般体短动作用一般体.3.Ouch!You hu
36、rt me!I am sorry.But I _ any harm.I _ to drive a rat out.A.didnt mean;tried B.dont mean;am trying C.havent meant;tried D.didnt mean;was trying 4.Is there anything wrong,Bob?You look sad.Oh,nothing much.In fact,I _ of my friends back home.A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.w
37、ill just be thinking 5.I walked slowly through the market,where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A.sell B.were selling C.had sold D.have sold 考点五:现在完成时,过去完成时考点五:现在完成时,过去完成时1.They became friends again that day.Until then,they _ to each
38、other for nearly two years.A.didnt speak B.hadnt spoken C.havent spoken D.havent been speaking 2.Years ago we didnt know this,but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.(广东卷广东卷)A.showed B.has shown C.will show D.is showing The news is no surprise to me,I _ for some time that t
39、he factory is going to shut down.(03北京北京)A.had known B.know C.have known D.knewcamewas一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时 1.Has your father returned from Africa yet?Yes,but he _ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.A.was B.has been C.will be D.would be2.I was just going t
40、o cut my rose bushes but someone it before.Was it you?A.has done B.had done C.would do D.will do 3.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten结论结论:一般过去时所表示
41、的事情纯属过去一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在与现在情况没联系情况没联系.现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有联系况有联系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响在的影响.动词的语态动词的语态 语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _.Milk _.Summary(总结
42、总结):is/was+done(p.p)was watched by us last nightis drunk by me everydayWill/would be done新电脑下周将投入使用。新电脑下周将投入使用。The new computers will be used next week.妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.am/is/are being donewas/were being done中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。中国国
43、家大剧院正在建设当中。The National Opera Building is being built at present.has/have been donehad been done这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候,牛奶已经卖完了。昨天晚上我到超市的时候,牛奶已经卖完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态比较:比较:r
44、ise是不及物动词;是不及物动词;raise是及物动词。是及物动词。The price has been risen.The price has risen.The price has raised.The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)要想正确地使用被动语要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义物的。特别是一词多义的动
45、词往往有两种用法。的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。习过程中多留意积累。一般现在时一般现在时:be(am/are/is)+p.p.(过去分词过去分词)一般过去时一般过去时:be(was/were)+p.p.一般将来时一般将来时:will be+p.p.过去将来时过去将来时:would be+p.p.现在进行时现在进行时:be(am/are/is)+being+p.p.过去进行时过去进行时:be(was/were)+being+p.p.现在完成时现在完成时:have/has+been+p.p.过去完成时过去完成时:had+been+p.p.Chal
46、lenge yourself!1、对於这个问题,关注很少。、对於这个问题,关注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、据报导,这里将修建一条新的马路。、据报导,这里将修建一条新的马路。It is reported that a new road will be built here.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.