1、第十一讲第十一讲 八年级八年级(下下)Units 12类别类别新课标要求新课标要求重重点点词词汇汇拓拓展展1.1.pollutionvpollutionv.污染污染 pollutepollute2 2flynflyn.航班航班 flightflight3 3probably(probably(同义词同义词)maybe/perhaps)maybe/perhaps4 4predictnpredictn.预言预言 predictionprediction5 5unpleasant(unpleasant(反义词反义词)adj.)adj.令人愉快的；惬意的令人愉快的；惬意的 pleasantadjple
2、asantadj.高兴的；愉快的高兴的；愉快的 pleasednpleasedn.高兴；愉快高兴；愉快 pleasurepleasure6 6huge(huge(同义词同义词)large)large7 7possible(possible(反义词反义词)impossibleadv.possiblyimpossibleadv.possibly8 8out of style(out of style(反义短语反义短语)in style)in style9 9surpriseadjsurpriseadj.惊奇的惊奇的 surprisedadjsurprisedadj.令人惊奇的令人惊奇的 surpr
3、isingsurprising1010failnfailn.失败失败 failure(failure(反义词反义词)v.)v.成功成功 succeedsucceed1111return(return(同义短语同义短语)give back)give back1212organizedvorganizedv.组织组织 organizeorganize 重重点点短短语语记记忆忆1.fall in love with1.fall in love with爱上爱上(某人或某物某人或某物)2 2go skatinggo skating去滑冰去滑冰3 3be able to be able to 有能力做某
4、事；会做某事有能力做某事；会做某事4 4come true(come true(希望等希望等)实现；达到实现；达到5 5in the futurein the future未来；将来未来；将来6 6hundreds ofhundreds of大量；许多大量；许多7 7keep outkeep out不让不让进入进入8 8argue with sb.about argue with sb.about sthsth.就某事同某人争吵就某事同某人争吵9 9call sb.upcall sb.up打电话给打电话给1010on the phoneon the phone在通话；用电话交谈在通话；用电话交
5、谈1111pay forpay for付付账；付买账；付买的钱的钱1212the same asthe same as与与同样的同样的1313get onget on相处；进展相处；进展1414fit.in.fit.in.找到时间找到时间(做某事做某事)重点重点句型句型整理整理1.Will there be less pollution?1.Will there be less pollution?2 2Whats wrong?Whats wrong?My clothes are out of style.My clothes are out of style.3 3What should I
6、 do?What should I do?You could write him a letter.You could write him a letter.重重点点短短语语记记忆忆1515as.as.asas possible possible尽可能尽可能1616all kinds of all kinds of 各种各样的各种各样的1717on the one hand(on the one hand(在在)一方面一方面1818on the other hand(on the other hand(在在)另一方面另一方面 1 1Do you think Do you think there
7、there_ _willwill_ _bebe robots in peoples homes?robots in peoples homes?你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗？你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗？(Unit 1)(Unit 1)本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，其中宾语从句是本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，其中宾语从句是there bethere be句句式的一般将来时。式的一般将来时。There beThere be表示表示“某处某处/某时有某人某时有某人/某物某物”，此处的，此处的“有有”表示存在表示存在关系，其主语在关系，其主语在There beThere be后面。当主语
8、是单数名词或不可数名词时，后面。当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时，bebe动动词用词用isis或或waswas；主语为复数名词时，；主语为复数名词时，bebe动词用动词用areare或或werewere。但当主语为多个。但当主语为多个名词时，名词时，bebe动词的选择采取就近原则，即与离它最近的名词一致。如：动词的选择采取就近原则，即与离它最近的名词一致。如：There is a book and two rulers on the desk.There is a book and two rulers on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。There ar
9、e two rulers and a book on the desk.There are two rulers and a book on the desk.桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。There beThere be句型的一般将来时，可用句型的一般将来时，可用There will beThere will be或或There is/are There is/are going to be.going to be.表示，如：表示，如：There will/is going to be a basketball match this evening.There will
10、/is going to be a basketball match this evening.今晚将有一场篮球赛。今晚将有一场篮球赛。There beThere be句型中就主语提问用句型中就主语提问用Whats.Whats.如：如：Theres Theres a a_ _picturepicture on the wall.on the wall.墙上有幅画。墙上有幅画。Whats on the wallWhats on the wall？墙上有什么？墙上有什么？There beThere be句型的反意疑问句中附加疑问句为句型的反意疑问句中附加疑问句为“be“be动词的动词的肯定肯定/否
11、定形式否定形式therethere？”。如：。如：There are few people in the parkThere are few people in the park，are there?are there?公园里几乎没有人，对吗？公园里几乎没有人，对吗？2 2Will people use money Will people use money inin_ _100100_ _years?years?一百年以后人们还使用钱吗？一百年以后人们还使用钱吗？(Unit 1)(Unit 1)in 100 yearsin 100 years意为意为“一百年以后一百年以后”，“in“in一段
12、时间一段时间”常用于将来时的句常用于将来时的句子中，意为子中，意为“在在(一段时间一段时间)之后之后”，表示从现在算起多长时间之后，对此，表示从现在算起多长时间之后，对此提问要用提问要用how soonhow soon。如：。如：How soon will he be backHow soon will he be back？多久他才回来？多久他才回来？He will be back in two days.He will be back in two days.他两天后回来。他两天后回来。【辨析辨析】in in与与afterafterinin表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，常用于表示将来
13、的时态表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，常用于表示将来的时态中。中。afterafter也表示也表示“在在(一段时间一段时间)之后之后”，但多表示过去的一段时间之，但多表示过去的一段时间之后，通常用于表示过去的时态中。但若表示将来某一时刻之后，要用后，通常用于表示过去的时态中。但若表示将来某一时刻之后，要用afterafter而不能用而不能用inin。如：。如：Mr.Brown will fly to Beijing in 3 hours.Mr.Brown will fly to Beijing in 3 hours.三小时后布朗先生将飞往北京。三小时后布朗先生将飞往北京。After hal
14、f an hourAfter half an hour，the boys went to play soccer.the boys went to play soccer.半小时后，男孩们去踢足球了。半小时后，男孩们去踢足球了。She will finish the work after 6 oclock.She will finish the work after 6 oclock.她将在六点后完成那项工作。她将在六点后完成那项工作。3 3Ill live in ShanghaiIll live in Shanghai，becausebecause I went to Shanghai la
15、st I went to Shanghai last year and year and fellfell_ _inin_ _lovelove_ _withwith it.it.我要住在上海，因为去年我去了趟上海，我要住在上海，因为去年我去了趟上海，并喜欢上了那个地方。并喜欢上了那个地方。(Unit 1)(Unit 1)(1)because(1)because引导的原因状语从句，表示引导的原因状语从句，表示“对方未知的原因对方未知的原因”。通常用。通常用来回答来回答whywhy引导的特殊疑问句，因果关系强，从句可置于主句之前也可置引导的特殊疑问句，因果关系强，从句可置于主句之前也可置于主句之后
16、。如：于主句之后。如：Because there was a lot of trafficBecause there was a lot of traffic，I was late for school I was late for school yesterday.yesterday.昨天因为交通拥挤，我上学迟到了。昨天因为交通拥挤，我上学迟到了。(2)fall in love with(2)fall in love with是一个固定短语，意为是一个固定短语，意为“喜欢；爱上喜欢；爱上”，通常，通常指突然间爱上某人或某物。如：指突然间爱上某人或某物。如：They fell in love
17、with each other.They fell in love with each other.他们相爱了。他们相爱了。4 4.because I dont like living.because I dont like living alonealone.因为我不喜欢一个因为我不喜欢一个人住。人住。(Unit 1)(Unit 1)【辨析辨析】alone alone与与lonelylonelyalonealone既可用作副词既可用作副词(单独地；独自地单独地；独自地by oneself)by oneself)，也可用作形，也可用作形容词容词(单独的；独身的单独的；独身的)，表示客观情况。，
18、表示客观情况。lonelylonely只能作形容词，表示人主观上感到只能作形容词，表示人主观上感到“孤独的孤独的”，感情色彩浓，感情色彩浓厚；也可修饰地点，意为厚；也可修饰地点，意为“人迹稀少的；荒凉的人迹稀少的；荒凉的”。如：。如：Mr.Read lives alone in the lonely villageMr.Read lives alone in the lonely village，but he is never but he is never lonely.lonely.里德先生寡居于偏僻的村庄中却从未感到孤单。里德先生寡居于偏僻的村庄中却从未感到孤单。5 5Some scie
19、ntists believe that there will be Some scientists believe that there will be suchsuch robots in robots in the future.the future.有些科学家相信未来将会有这样的机器人。有些科学家相信未来将会有这样的机器人。(Unit 1)(Unit 1)【辨析辨析】such such与与soso这个周末我们过得很无聊。这个周末我们过得很无聊。Its a waste of time to ask so many people to do so little Its a waste of
20、time to ask so many people to do so little work.work.让这么多的人干这么少的活真是浪费时间。让这么多的人干这么少的活真是浪费时间。6 6Everyone else in my class was invited Everyone else in my class was invited exceptexcept me.me.除了我以外，我班其他人都受到了邀请除了我以外，我班其他人都受到了邀请(Unit 2)(Unit 2)【辨析辨析】except except，besidesbesides与与butbutexcept“except“不包括；除
21、不包括；除之外之外”，不包含后边的内容，前面常用表，不包含后边的内容，前面常用表示整体的词。示整体的词。besides“besides“除除之外之外(还有还有)”)”，包括后面的内容。，包括后面的内容。butbut可与可与exceptexcept换用，但换用，但butbut常与常与no oneno one，nobodynobody，nothingnothing，allall，everyoneeveryone，everythingeverything等连用。等连用。They all went to the zoo except Tom.They all went to the zoo excep
22、t Tom.除了汤姆，他们都去了动物园。除了汤姆，他们都去了动物园。What other sports do you play besides soccer?What other sports do you play besides soccer?除了足球，你还做哪些运动？除了足球，你还做哪些运动？There is nothing but a desk in the room.There is nothing but a desk in the room.房间里除了一张课桌外，房间里除了一张课桌外，什么也没有。什么也没有。7 7Im very upset and dont know Im ve
23、ry upset and dont know whatwhat_ _toto_ _dodo.我很苦恼，不知道该怎么办。我很苦恼，不知道该怎么办。(Unit 2)(Unit 2)what to dowhat to do是动词不定式的复合结构，其结构为是动词不定式的复合结构，其结构为“疑问代词疑问代词/副词副词动词不定式动词不定式”，它表示一个完整的意义，在本句中作宾语。，它表示一个完整的意义，在本句中作宾语。“疑问词动疑问词动词不定式词不定式”结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。如：结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。如：When to start is unknown.When t
24、o start is unknown.何时开始还不知道。何时开始还不知道。(作主语作主语)The boy wanted to know when to leave.The boy wanted to know when to leave.这个男孩想知道什么时候离开。这个男孩想知道什么时候离开。(作宾语作宾语)The question is how to get there.The question is how to get there.问题是如何到那儿。问题是如何到那儿。(作表语作表语)Could you tell me how to get to the museum?Could you
25、tell me how to get to the museum?你能告诉我如何到博物馆吗？你能告诉我如何到博物馆吗？(作宾补作宾补)how to dohow to do意为意为“怎么做怎么做”，dodo后面要接宾语；而后面要接宾语；而what to dowhat to do中的中的whatwhat作作dodo的宾语，故的宾语，故dodo后不能再加宾语。如：后不能再加宾语。如：I dont know how to do it.I dont know how to do it.我不知道如何去做这件事。我不知道如何去做这件事。I dont know what to do.I dont know w
26、hat to do.我不知道做什么。我不知道做什么。8 8Shes really niceShes really nice，and we and we getget_ _onon well well，but she always but she always borrows my things.borrows my things.她非常好，并且我们相处得很好，但是她总是借我的她非常好，并且我们相处得很好，但是她总是借我的东西。东西。(Unit 2)(Unit 2)get onget onget alongget along相处；进展；与相处；进展；与合得来合得来get on/along wel
27、l with sb.get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得好与某人相处得好get on/along well with get on/along well with sthsth.某事进展得好某事进展得好How are you getting on/along with sb./How are you getting on/along with sb./sthsth.?.?你与某人相处得怎样？你与某人相处得怎样？/某事进展如何？某事进展如何？How does Gina get on with her friends?How does Gina get on with
28、her friends?吉娜与她的朋友相处得怎么样？吉娜与她的朋友相处得怎么样？Hes new hereHes new here，but he seems to be getting on fine.but he seems to be getting on fine.他是新来的，但他好像挺适应的。他是新来的，但他好像挺适应的。注意：注意：get onget on也表示也表示“上车上车”，反义短语为，反义短语为get offget off。八年级下八年级下(12单元单元)(训练时间：训练时间：60分钟分值：分钟分值：100分分)基础知识过关基础知识过关一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空一、用括
29、号内所给单词的适当形式填空(9(9分分)1 1My clothes _My clothes _ (be)out of style.(be)out of style.2 2My dad didnt allow me _My dad didnt allow me _ _(argue)withargue)with my mom.my mom.3 3The old man doesnt like my The old man doesnt like my _ _ _ _(sister)clothessister)clothes and and haircut.haircut.4 4They can w
30、ork out the problems by They can work out the problems by _ _ _ (them).(them).5 5In 100 yearsIn 100 years，people _people _ (work)onwork)on a space station.a space station.6 6In 1863 Lincoln gave In 1863 Lincoln gave _ _ _(free)to all American(free)to all American slaves.slaves.areto argueto arguesis
31、tersthemselveswill workwill workfreedom7 7So far,man has _So far,man has _ (send)many manmade satellites to(send)many manmade satellites to the moon.the moon.8 8How many How many _ _(toothbrush)does your family need?(toothbrush)does your family need?9 9I think there will be _I think there will be _
32、(few)treesfew)trees in the future.in the future.二、根据汉语提示补全句子二、根据汉语提示补全句子(16(16分分)1 1暖和的衣服可以御风寒。暖和的衣服可以御风寒。Warm clothing will Warm clothing will _ the cold.the cold.2 2他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受报应。他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受报应。He will have to He will have to _ this foolish behavior.this foolish behavior.3 3他一到上海就爱上了这个地方。他一到上海就爱上
33、了这个地方。senttoothbrushesfewerkeep outpay forHe _ it as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.He _ it as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.4 4那个农场主在他的农场里养了几百头猪。那个农场主在他的农场里养了几百头猪。The farmer keeps The farmer keeps _ _ pigs on his farm.pigs on his farm.5 5他的理想迟早会实现。他的理想迟早会实现。His dream will His dream will _ sooner o
34、r later.sooner or later.6 6这两位同志相处得很好。这两位同志相处得很好。The two comrades The two comrades _ very well together.very well together.7 7也许我们该学会自己做事。也许我们该学会自己做事。Maybe we _ to do things Maybe we _ to do things _.fell in love withhundreds ofcome trueget onshould learnby ourselves8 8现在的中学生压力不是太大了。现在的中学生压力不是太大了。St
35、udents in high schools today are not under Students in high schools today are not under _三、句型转换三、句型转换(15(15分分)1 1Hes Hes gettinggetting_ _a a_ _coldcold.(.(就画线部分提问就画线部分提问)_ with him?_ with him?2 2We get on We get on wellwell with our classmates.(with our classmates.(就画线部分提问就画线部分提问)_ do you do you _
36、on with your classmates?on with your classmates?3 3Maybe you should telephone him.(Maybe you should telephone him.(改为同义句改为同义句)Maybe you should Maybe you should _ him him _.too much pressure.Whats wrongHowgetcallup4 4My mother will come back home My mother will come back home inin_ _twotwo_ _monthsmo
37、nths.(.(就画线部分提就画线部分提问问)_ will your mother come back home?_ will your mother come back home?5 5The girl will be a doctor when she grows up.(The girl will be a doctor when she grows up.(改为一般疑问改为一般疑问句句)_ the girl _ the girl _ a doctor when she grows up?a doctor when she grows up?综合能力提高综合能力提高一、单项选择一、单项选
38、择(10(10分分)How soonWillbe 1 1(2011(2011沈阳沈阳)I dont know the)I dont know the city.Wherecity.Where can I find can I find _ good restaurant?_ good restaurant?A Aa Ba Ban an C Cthe Dthe D/【解析解析】冠词的用法。第一次提到的事物一般用不定冠词冠词的用法。第一次提到的事物一般用不定冠词a a或或anan，第，第二次提到或特指的一般用定冠词二次提到或特指的一般用定冠词thethe，从本句的表达可知，是第一次提到，从本句的表
39、达可知，是第一次提到，故答案为故答案为A A。【答案答案】A A2 2Teenagers have all kinds of dreams._Teenagers have all kinds of dreams._，some some students would like to go to the moon some day.students would like to go to the moon some day.A AAfter all BAfter all BAt once At once C CIn fact DIn fact DFor exampleFor example【解析解
40、析】考查短语辨析。考查短语辨析。after all“after all“归根结底，毕竟归根结底，毕竟”；at at once“once“立刻，马上立刻，马上”；in fact“in fact“事实上事实上”；for example“for example“例如例如”。故选故选D D。【答案答案】D D3 3Its a good habit _ breakfast every day.Its a good habit _ breakfast every day.A Ahad Bhad Bhave have C Chas Dhas Dto haveto have【解析解析】考查固定结构。考查固定结
41、构。Its a good habit to do Its a good habit to do sthsth.意为意为“干某干某事是一个好习惯事是一个好习惯”，故选，故选D D。【答案答案】D D4 4Is Jim at home by himself?Is Jim at home by himself?No.Theres another boy _ with him.No.Theres another boy _ with him.A Aplaying Bplaying Bplay play C Cplays Dplays Dto playto play【解析解析】考查现在分词作后置定语的用
42、法。考查现在分词作后置定语的用法。playingplaying在句中作后置定在句中作后置定语，句意为语，句意为“吉姆一个人在家吗？吉姆一个人在家吗？”“”“不，另一个男孩正在和他一起玩。不，另一个男孩正在和他一起玩。”故选故选A A。【答案答案】A A5 5Excuse me,is this seat taken?Excuse me,is this seat taken?_.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago._.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago.A AIm afr
43、aid so BIm afraid so BI dont think so I dont think so C CI dont know DI dont know DI hope notI hope not【解析解析】考查交际用语。由问句考查交际用语。由问句“打扰了，这个座位被占了吗？打扰了，这个座位被占了吗？”和和答语答语“那个人拿着书几分钟前离开了。那个人拿着书几分钟前离开了。”可知，选可知，选B B。【答案答案】B B6 6My parents always tell me _ others late at night.My parents always tell me _ others
44、 late at night.Theyre right.Its not polite.Theyre right.Its not polite.A Acall Bcall Bnot call not call C Cto call Dto call Dnot to callnot to call【解析解析】考查动词不定式的用法。考查动词不定式的用法。tell tell sb.tosb.to do do sthsth.意为意为“告诉某告诉某人干某事人干某事”，其否定形式为，其否定形式为tell tell sb.notsb.not to do to do sthsth.故选故选D D。【答案答案】D
45、 D7 7(2011(2011凉山凉山)I dont know the new word.)I dont know the new word.It doesnt matterIt doesnt matter，you can _ in the dictionary.you can _ in the dictionary.A Alook up it Blook up it Blook it up Clook it up Clook for itlook for it【解析解析】考查动词短语的辨析。考查动词短语的辨析。look forlook for的意思是的意思是“寻找寻找”；look look
46、upup的意思是的意思是“查字典查字典”，跟代词时应该放在，跟代词时应该放在looklook与与upup的中间，句意的中间，句意“你可你可以在字典中查一下它以在字典中查一下它”，因此答案为，因此答案为B B项。项。【答案答案】B B8 8(2011(2011昆明昆明)Excuse me)Excuse me，this shirt is too big for this shirt is too big for me.Wouldme.Would you mind giving me a smaller one?you mind giving me a smaller one?_.Here you
47、are._.Here you are.A ACertainly BCertainly BYoud better not Youd better not C CNot at all DNot at all DYoure welcomeYoure welcome【解析解析】考查交际用语。由考查交际用语。由Here you are.Here you are.知道对方并不介意。知道对方并不介意。【答案答案】C C9 9(2011(2011凉山凉山)He doesnt tell me _.Can you tell me)He doesnt tell me _.Can you tell me his ad
48、dress?his address?A Awhere he lives where he lives B Bwhere does he livewhere does he liveC Cwhere he lives inwhere he lives in【解析解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，表示住考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，表示住在某地用在某地用livelive，wherewhere在句中作状语，不需要介词在句中作状语，不需要介词inin，故选，故选A A。【答案答案】A A1010(2011(2011沈阳沈阳)I wonder _ like to be
49、an)I wonder _ like to be an astronaut(astronaut(宇航员宇航员)I dont knowI dont know，but I imagine its exciting.but I imagine its exciting.A Awhat is it Bwhat is it Bwhat it iswhat it isC Cwhether is it Dwhether is it Dwhether it iswhether it is【解析解析】考查宾语从句的用法。句意考查宾语从句的用法。句意“我想知道作为一名宇航员是我想知道作为一名宇航员是什么样子的。什
50、么样子的。”wonder”wonder后面接宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，故选后面接宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，故选B B。【答案答案】B B二、完形填空二、完形填空(20(20分分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示补全文中所缺的单词。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示补全文中所缺的单词。Years agoYears ago，if a teenager had some problems in his lifeif a teenager had some problems in his life，he he might write them in his might write the
