1、Unit 4 wordscastle n.城堡城堡(build)castles in the air（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想input n.输入的信息；投入输入的信息；投入 vt.(input,input)输入（信息）输入（信息）capacity n.领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量capacity to do sth 做某事的能力做某事的能力capacity of/for 的能力的能力e.g.He has a great capacity for learning languages.
2、analyse(AmE analyze)vt.分析分析 massive adj.巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 analysis n.分析分析（pl.analyses）analyst n.分析者分析者analytical adj.分析的；分解的分析的；分解的analysis of (对事物的对事物的)分析分析massively adv.大量地；沉重地；庄严地大量地；沉重地；庄严地a mass of 大量的大量的network n.网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络coin vt.创造（新词语）创造（新词语）brea
3、kthrough n.重大进展，突破重大进展，突破 adj.突破性的突破性的break through 突破，突围突破，突围break in 打断打断;闯入闯入break into 打断打断;闯入闯入break down 分解；发生故障；失败分解；发生故障；失败break out 爆发，突发爆发，突发make/achieve a breakthrough 作出作出/取得突破性进展取得突破性进展finance n.财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金提供资金 financial adj.金融的；财政的金融的；财政的provide finance for
4、.为为提供资金提供资金be financed by.由由资助资助to name but a few 略举几例略举几例 The competition will be financed by the educational department.我们需要为进一步研究筹集资金。我们需要为进一步研究筹集资金。这个竞赛将由教育部门资助。这个竞赛将由教育部门资助。We need to raise finance for further research.I like fruits,apple,banana,pear,to name just a few.autonomous adj.自主的，有自主权的；
5、自治的自主的，有自主权的；自治的domestic adj.家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的autonomy n.自治，自治权自治，自治权autonomously adv.自治地；独立自主地自治地；独立自主地autonomous region 自治区自治区In USA,each state has an autonomous government.美国每个州都有一个自治的政府。美国每个州都有一个自治的政府。domestic flights 国内航班国内航班Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic
6、 market.产量包括出口和国内市场销售两部分。产量包括出口和国内市场销售两部分。threaten vt.危及，对危及，对构成威胁；威胁，恐吓构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 threat n.威胁，恐吓威胁，恐吓threaten sb with.用某物来威胁某人用某物来威胁某人threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事威胁要做某事under threat 受到威胁受到威胁pose a threat to 构成威胁构成威胁The attacker threatened them with a gun.袭击者用枪威胁他们。袭击者用枪威胁他们。They threatened to burn down
7、 our house.他们威胁要烧毁我们的房子他们威胁要烧毁我们的房子.His position as leader is under threat.他作为领导的职位受到威胁。他作为领导的职位受到威胁。Drugs pose a major threat to our society.毒品成为对社会的一大威胁。毒品成为对社会的一大威胁。commit vt.犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi.全心全意投入，忠于全心全意投入，忠于committed mitment mit a crime 犯罪犯罪commit oneself to doing sth 致力于
8、做某事致力于做某事 crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动罪，罪行；犯罪活动criminal adj.犯罪的犯罪的 犯法的犯法的 n.罪犯罪犯murder vt.&n.谋杀，凶杀谋杀，凶杀urge vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n.冲动，强烈的欲望冲动，强烈的欲望 murderer n.杀人犯杀人犯urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的紧急的；迫切的urgency n.紧急紧急urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事敦促某人做某事urge that sb(should)do 竭力主张竭力主张.have an urge to do
9、 sth 做某事的欲望做某事的欲望Tom had an urge to open a shop of his own.汤姆很想开一家自己的店。汤姆很想开一家自己的店。He urged that the crime(should)be analysed comprehensivelypose vt.造成，产生；提问，质询造成，产生；提问，质询 vi.摆好姿势摆好姿势 n.姿势姿势 apparently adv.显然，可见显然，可见pose a threat/challenge 构成威胁构成威胁/挑战挑战pose a question 提出问题提出问题pose as sb 冒充某人冒充某人appa
10、rent adj.显而易见的；显然的显而易见的；显然的warning n.警告，先兆；警戒警告，先兆；警戒 warn v.警告；通知警告；通知 warn sb of sth 警告某人某事警告某人某事demand vt.需要；强烈要求需要；强烈要求 n.要求，所需之物；需求，需要要求，所需之物；需求，需要victim n.受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害受伤，受损，被害 demanding adj.要求高的要求高的demand to do sth 要求做某事要求做某事make a demand/demands on sb 向某
11、人提出要求向某人提出要求 demand that(should)do sth 要求做某事要求做某事They are demanding that all troops(should)be withdrawn.He makes the demand that he(should)leave the place immediately.Be careful not to fall victim to online banking fraud.demand sb to do sth()greedy adj.贪心的，贪婪的贪心的，贪婪的recognition n.识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识识别
12、，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识greed n.贪婪，贪心贪婪，贪心 greedily adv.贪婪地；贪食地贪婪地；贪食地be greedy for.渴望渴望.greedier,greediestrecognize v.认出；承认；认可认出；承认；认可beyond/out of recognition 认不出来认不出来in recognition of sth 为了表彰为了表彰be recognized as.被认为是被认为是He was given an iphone 14 in recognition of his service to the company.The place has
13、changed beyond recognition.database n.数据库数据库 alternative n.可供选择的事物可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的可供替代的；非传统的 hacker n.黑客黑客 have no alternative/choice but to do sth 别无选择别无选择an alternative to sth .的替代品的替代品I had no alternative but to accept the offer.Shopping online is a convenient alternative to driving to the
14、store.theft n.偷窃，偷窃罪偷窃，偷窃罪break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利打入唱等）；顺利打入 fail-safe adj.有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的thief n.小偷；贼小偷；贼theftproof adj.防盗的防盗的drone n.无人驾驶飞机无人驾驶飞机distribution n.分发，分送；分配，分布分发，分送；分配，分布predict vt.预言，预告预言，预告distribute vt.分发；分配，分布分发；分配，分布 distributer n.分销
15、商分销商distribute sth to 把把分配给分配给同：同：forecastprediction n.预测；预言预测；预言 predictor n.预言者预言者predictable adj.可预言的可预言的 It is predicted that.据预测据预测.The distribution of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools.It is impossible to predict what will happen in the future.预知未来的事是不可能的。预知未来的事是不可能的。decr
16、ease vt.&vi.减少，降低减少，降低 n.减少，降低减少，降低同：同：reduce v.reduction n.decline v.&n.反：反：increase vt.&n.增加增加on the decrease 在减少中在减少中decrease by 减少了减少了decrease to 减少到减少到The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing.随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少。随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少。There has been a decrease in traffic acc
17、idents.交通事故减少了。交通事故减少了。By 1881,the population of Ireland had decreased to 5.2 million and average house prices decreased by 13%last year.deny vt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受deny(doing)sth 否认否认(做做)某事某事there is no denying that 不可否认的是不可否认的是denial n.否认，拒绝否认，拒绝undeniable adj.不可否认的不可否认的There is no denyi
18、ng that efforts eventually will be turned into rewards.He denies attempting to murder his wife.quantity n.数量；大量数量；大量 in large quantities 大量，大批大量，大批a large quantity of 修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用单数单数；修饰；修饰可数名词复数可数名词复数，用，用复数复数large quantities of 修饰可数或是不可数名词，谓语动词修饰可数或是不可数名词，谓语动词一律一律用复数用复数A large quant
19、ity of water in the sea has been polluted.A large quantity of apples were sent to the area which was flooded.Large quantities of books are on the bed.Large quantities of sand were washed away.airline n.航空公司航空公司 threat n.构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓；凶兆构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 (参考参考 threaten)spy vi.从事间谍活动从事间谍活动 vt.突
20、然看见突然看见 n.间谍间谍 spy on 暗中监视，窥探暗中监视，窥探 illegal adj.不合法的，非法的不合法的，非法的She spies on her boss because the boss is a spy.illegally adv.非法地非法地 illegalize vt.使成为非法；使违规使成为非法；使违规 反：反：legal adj.法律的；合法的法律的；合法的Its illegal to drive through a red light.开车闯红灯是违章行为。开车闯红灯是违章行为。monitor vt.监视，跟踪调查；监听监视，跟踪调查；监听 n.显示屏；监测器；
21、班长显示屏；监测器；班长 licence (AmE license)n.许可证，执照许可证，执照Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure.driving licence 驾照驾照stadium n.体育场，运动场体育场，运动场 highlight n.最好（或最精彩）的部分最好（或最精彩）的部分 vt.突出，强调；使醒目突出，强调；使醒目the highlight of.最精彩的部分最精彩的部分capsule n.小塑料容器；（装药的）胶囊；太空舱小塑料容器；（装药的）胶囊；太空舱bury vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入埋藏；埋葬，安
22、葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入fountain n.喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源fountain pen 自来水笔自来水笔bury oneself in(doing)sth 专心致志于专心致志于be buried in 埋头于；全神贯注于埋头于；全神贯注于He walked slowly,his hands buried in his pockets.他双手插在口袋里缓步而行。他双手插在口袋里缓步而行。After the divorce,she buried herself in her work.Tourism is a fountain of wealth
23、for the city.旅游业是该市的重要收入来源。旅游业是该市的重要收入来源。contemporary adj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n.同代人，同辈人同代人，同辈人be contemporary with sb/sth 与与同时代同时代seed n.种子；起源，起因种子；起源，起因wheat n.小麦，小麦粒小麦，小麦粒 muscular adj.肌肉的；强壮的肌肉的；强壮的muscle n.肌肉；力量；体力肌肉；力量；体力The player was tall,lean and muscular.那位运动员高挑精瘦，强壮有力那位运
24、动员高挑精瘦，强壮有力。conclude vt.&vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止conclusion n.结论；总结；结局结论；总结；结局 come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论得出结论conclude from.从从.得出结论得出结论to conclude=in conclusion 最后；总之最后；总之So what can we conclude from this debate?The report concluded(that)the cheapest option was to close
25、 the laboratory.justified adj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的justify v.是是的正当理由；为的正当理由；为辩护辩护justification n.正当理由；辩护正当理由；辩护be justified in doing sth 做某事是合乎情理的做某事是合乎情理的justify sth/oneself(to sb)(向某人向某人)为某事为某事/自己辩护自己辩护The policeman was justified in shooting the criminal in self-defence.Dont try to
26、justify your mistakes.Whatyour justification for being late?superiority n.优越感；优越性，优势优越感；优越性，优势 superior adj.上级的；比上级的；比好的好的(无比较级无比较级)n.上级，长官；长者上级，长官；长者反：反：inferior adj.较差的；级别低的较差的；级别低的inferiority n.have superiority to/over sth/sb 比比.优越优越a sense of superiority 优越感优越感be superior to.比比.优越优越His drone is
27、superior to mine in many aspects.Im going to complain to your superior.virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位处于最前列，进入重要地位virtually adv.事实上，几乎；实质上事实上，几乎；实质上virtual reality 虚拟现实虚拟现实Up to four players can compete in a virtual world of role playing.最多最多4 4个人可以参加虚拟
28、世界的角色扮演。个人可以参加虚拟世界的角色扮演。They have been at the forefront of the campaign for political change.definition n.定义；释义，解释定义；释义，解释headset n.耳机耳机 sensor n.传感器，敏感元件传感器，敏感元件define vt.给给下定义下定义 defineas 把把定义为定义为definite adj.一定的；确切的一定的；确切的 definitely adv.当然；明确地当然；明确地sensory adj.感官的感官的,感觉的感觉的practical adj.实际的，真实的；
29、切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的impractical adj.不切实际的不切实际的practice n.实践；练习；惯例实践；练习；惯例 There are some obvious practical applications of the research.这项研究有一些明显的实际用途。这项研究有一些明显的实际用途。a host of 许多，大量许多，大量 Obesity is associated with a host of health problems.肥胖症往往与许多健康问题有关。肥胖症往往与许多健康问题有关。academic adj
30、.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的immersive adj.（计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的（计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的academy n.学院；研究院；学会；专科院校学院；研究院；学会；专科院校academic circles 学术界学术界 Academy Awards 奥斯卡金像奖奥斯卡金像奖academy of sciences 科学院科学院With my strong academic background,I am competent.immerse vt.沉浸；使陷入沉浸；使陷入be immersed in 陷于；沉浸于陷于；沉
31、浸于She immersed herself in her work.她埋头工作。她埋头工作。engage vt.&vi.吸引住（注意力、兴吸引住（注意力、兴 趣）；雇用，聘用；与趣）；雇用，聘用；与建立密切关系建立密切关系engaged adj.忙碌的；已订婚的；被占用的忙碌的；已订婚的；被占用的 engagement n.订婚；约会订婚；约会be engaged in(doing)sth 从事从事/忙于忙于做某事做某事engage in sth（使）从事，参加（使）从事，参加be/get engaged to sb 与某人订婚与某人订婚It is a movie that engages
32、both the mind and the eye.We should all be engaged in good causes.Try to find humour in life and engage in activities that make you laugh.twin n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj.双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的clone n.好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物）好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物）vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制barrier n.障碍，
33、阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂a barrier to 障碍；阻力；关卡障碍；阻力；关卡a barrier between A and BLack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind.boil down to 归结为，基本问题是归结为，基本问题是fine-tune vt.对对微调微调What they want boils down to just one
34、thing.It is land.The government seeks to fine-tune other economic policies.initial adj.最初的，开始的最初的，开始的 n.首字母首字母initially adv.最初；开头最初；开头initialize vt.初始化初始化My initial reaction was to decline the offer.I had my initials carved on my pen.optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的乐观的，抱乐观看法的optimism n.乐观；乐观主义乐观；乐观主义 optim
35、ist n.乐观主义者乐观主义者be optimistic about sth 对对.感到乐观感到乐观in an optimistic mood 以乐观的情绪以乐观的情绪The stockholders(股东股东)are optimistic about the companys future.Some people are naturally optimistic.同：同：positive反反:pessimisticannoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰annoyed adj.恼怒的；烦闷的恼怒的；烦闷的 annoying adj.讨厌的；恼人的讨厌的；恼人的
36、annoyance n.烦恼；打扰；令人讨厌的人或事烦恼；打扰；令人讨厌的人或事annoy sb to do sth 做某事使某人恼怒做某事使某人恼怒be annoyed with 对对.感到恼火感到恼火It annoys me to see him getting ahead of me.我看见他领先于我就心里不痛快。我看见他领先于我就心里不痛快。His immature behaviour was beginning to annoy me.Dont be annoyed with that boy!weed n.杂草，野草杂草，野草like weeds 大量大量state-of-the-
37、art adj.使用最先进技术（或方法）的，最先进的使用最先进技术（或方法）的，最先进的The garden is full of weeds.I often see many cars blocking the road like weeds.Last year,I visited a state-of-the-art solar facility in Xian.去年，我去西安参观了中国最先进的太阳能设备。去年，我去西安参观了中国最先进的太阳能设备。globe n.球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界the globe 地球；全球地球；全球global adj.
38、全球的；整体的全球的；整体的satellite n.人造卫星；卫星人造卫星；卫星expense n.费用；开销；开支费用；开销；开支at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）在牺牲（或损害）的情况下的情况下at ones expense 由某人付钱；以某人为代价由某人付钱；以某人为代价put sb to the expense of(doing)sth 使某人花钱（于使某人花钱（于）expensive adj.昂贵的；花钱的昂贵的；花钱的He built up the business at the expense of his health.We were taken out fo
39、r a meal at the companys expense.gender n.性别性别envy n.&vt.羡慕，忌妒羡慕，忌妒pub n.酒吧，酒馆酒吧，酒馆be the envy of 成为羡慕（或忌妒）的对象成为羡慕（或忌妒）的对象green with envy adj.非常嫉妒的非常嫉妒的out of envy adv.出于忌妒出于忌妒Dont envy anyone who lives better than you.His new house was the envy of all his friends.They envy him his good fortune.She was green with envy when she saw my new car.envious adj.
