1、Unit 4 Exploring poetryGrammar and usageOverview of to-infinitives,verb-ing and verb-ed formsWhat do the red parts mean and what about their functions?Exploring the rules 1.To cook Chinese food is not easy.2.My first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.3.Alice Brown,head teacher at Falmo
2、nt Primary School,was teaching when the floor began to shake.4.We can always expect him to help us5.I was staying in Atlanta,and that was one of the cities to be hit.6.That morning,I turned on the TV for some local news,only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.To-infinitives in sentences from pr
3、evious units subjectpredicative object attributiveadverbial object complementVerb-ing forms 1.Sliding into the habit was easy,but it was difficult to quit the habit.2.It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important andprecious artworks through their smartphones.3.I hear someone playin
4、g the piano in the next room.4.The people talking there are my friends.5.Walking along the street,I saw an old friend.6.She practices dancing 5 hours everyday.subjectpredicative object attributiveadverbialcomplementExploring the rules objectVerb-ed forms 1.I was amazed to see all the paintings.2.Tho
5、se selected as committee members will attend the meeting.3.Seen from the top of the mountain the river looks like a dragon.4.I have never heard this song sung in English.predicativeattributive adverbialobject complementExploring the rules 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能不能单独单独做谓语做谓
6、语 非非谓语动词通常谓语动词通常指指to do、doing 和和done非谓语动词非谓语动词 1.什么是非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词?意义意义相同点相同点to dodoingdone目的、将来、结果目的、将来、结果主动、进行、修饰物主动、进行、修饰物被动、完成、修饰人被动、完成、修饰人1）有固定搭配）有固定搭配2）可以作表语、）可以作表语、定语、状语、补定语、状语、补语语一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus,(leave)her h
7、andbag on her seat.2.非谓语动词在什么条件下使用？非谓语动词在什么条件下使用？She got off the bus,but (leave)her handbag on her seat.leftleaving非谓语动词非谓语动词 谓语动词的功能谓语动词的功能?形式形式功能功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语To do动词动词-ing动词动词-ed非谓语动词非谓语动词没有没有人称和数的变化，但人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态有时态和语态的变化。的变化。The car to be bought is for his sister.She pretended to
8、 be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.Tips非谓语作主语非谓语作主语To do 和和doing形式都形式都可以用作可以用作_，有时有时可用可用_ 代替，此时主语置于代替，此时主语置于_。It will be dangerous to play with fire.非谓语作主语非谓语作主语To do&doing Pretending to know what you do not know is no good.It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.To p
9、lay with fire will be dangerous.主语主语形式主语形式主语it句末句末 It is a shame to litter.It is necessary for us to protect the earth for the future generations.It is very kind of you to help with my English.It took the Chinese a long time to explore the space.It makes me relaxed to know that I have passed the exa
10、m.it 作为形式主语时，作为形式主语时，常见句型。常见句型。It+be+n.+to do sth It+be+adj.+(for sb)to do sth (adj 修饰物）修饰物）It+be+adj.+(of sb)to do sth (adj 修饰人）修饰人）It takes(sb)time/money to do sth It makes sb+adj.+to do sth To do 你为我们做了这么多美味的菜真的是太好了。It is nice _ you _ so many tasty dishes for us.对于我们来说，学会如何做饭还是很有用的。It is useful _
11、 us .今天花了我两个小时来清理房间。It takes me 2 hours to clean the room.站在这里发表演讲是我极大的荣幸。It is my great honour to stand here and give you a speech.to learn how to cookforto makeofPractice It is worthwhile doing.做做.是值得的是值得的It is _/_ doing.做做.无用的无用的It is _ doing.做做.是没有好处的是没有好处的It is _.做做.是浪费时间的是浪费时间的no use uselessno
12、 gooda waste of timedoing1.You cant imagine what situation I am faced with,so it is no use _(tell)me not to worry.2.(改错)I think it is no use cry about your exam result now.3.试图改变他的主意是浪费时间。cry改为改为cryingPractice tellingIt is a waste of time trying to change his mind.eg Playing with fire is dangerous.玩
13、火是危险的。玩火是危险的。(泛指泛指玩火这件事情玩火这件事情)To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火将很危险。玩火将很危险。(指某一具体动作指某一具体动作)doing形式作主语形式作主语表示表示_/_/_行为；行为；to do作主作主语往往语往往表示表示_/_/_动动作作。一般一般的的 抽象的抽象的 习惯性习惯性的的具体具体的的 一次性的一次性的 特指特指的的To do&doing作主语的区别作主语的区别非谓语作宾语非谓语作宾语非谓语非谓语作宾语作宾语在在afford,agree,arrange,choose,desire,expect,fail,hope
14、,intend,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等等动动词词后，常后，常接接to do宾语宾语。eg Mike offered to help me.Tom promised to go with me.To doeg I considered going to se him in person.Everyone burst out laughing.动词：动词：like,enjoy,avoid,consider,advise,suggest,mind,keep等等介词：介词：by,after 等等短语：短语：be capable of doing(有能力做有
15、能力做)，get down to doing，have trouble in doing，be used to doing（习惯做某事习惯做某事）,be busy doing等等doing 跟在跟在_，_和和_之后做宾语，如之后做宾语，如continue，before，get tired of等等动词动词介词介词短语短语doing在在remember,forget,regret,try,mean等动词后，既可等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语，doing形式表示动作形式表示动作已经发生已经发生;to do表示表示动作动
16、作还没还没发生发生to do sth.记得去做某事记得去做某事doing sth.记得做过某事记得做过某事rememberforgetto do sth.忘记去做某事忘记去做某事doing sth.忘记做过某事忘记做过某事regretto do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾对即将做的事表示遗憾doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔对做过的事表示后悔To do&doing作宾语的区别作宾语的区别tryto do sth.设法做某事设法做某事doing sth.试着做某事试着做某事meanto do sth.打算打算(想要想要)做某事做某事doing sth.意味着意味着(要要)做某事做某事sto
17、pto do sth.停下正在做的事去做另一事停下正在做的事去做另一事doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事eg I remember seeing him before.我记得曾经见过他。我记得曾经见过他。Remember to tell him about it.记得把这件事告诉他。记得把这件事告诉他。I now regret telling the lie.我现在后悔说谎了。我现在后悔说谎了。I regret to tell you the bad news.我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。1.Would you mind _(turn)down your radi
18、o a little,please?2.Yesterday,I had difficulty/trouble in _(hunt)for some important information on the Internet.3.He stopped_(smoke),have a rest,and eat dessert.4.Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A.having held B.to hold C.holding D.hold turninghuntin
19、gto smokeCPractice 非谓语非谓语作表语作表语 一是：be 两似乎：seem,appear 三保持：keep,stay,remain 四变得：become,get,turn,go 五感觉：look,smell,taste,sound,feel 六证明：provelinking verbs?非谓语作表语非谓语作表语非谓语作表语非谓语作表语To do表语表语，说明主语所指的，说明主语所指的内容内容，还可以，还可以表示表示将来，将来，可以可以带带逻辑主语逻辑主语。动词动词不定式作表语，有的情况下不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以可以省略，即省略，即前有前有do后后无无to。eg My
20、purpose is to help them.My hope is for all members to come together.All I did was(to)give him a little push.To dodoing=adj，修饰物，修饰物，“令人令人的的”=n.表示主语的表示主语的内容内容done =adj.修饰人，修饰人，“感到感到的的”表示表示主语所处的主语所处的状态状态1.The book was so _(interest)that he almost forgot the time.2.He is very _(concern)with the matter.3
21、.My final aim is learning English well.=doing&doneinteresting concernedLearning English well is my final aim.Practice 1.To do&doing均均可作表语，解释或说明主语的可作表语，解释或说明主语的具体内容具体内容，两，两者常可者常可换用换用，但需要注意主语与表语的，但需要注意主语与表语的一致性一致性。2.如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言，或表示如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言，或表示同意；命同意；命令；决定；劝告令；决定；劝告等意，则往往等意，则往往用用to do作作表
22、语。表语。To do&doing1.My work is looking after/to look after the children.2.To live is to do something worthwhile.=Living is doing something worthwhile.3.The important thing is to save lives.4.You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.However,cooking seems (be)challenging for me.His ambition is _(become
23、)a successful scientist when he graduates.What we can do is _(ensure)that all people have access to a complete diet,not just those in the wealthy parts of the world but everywhere in the world.to beto become(to)ensurePractice 1.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _(find)
24、and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020年新课标全国卷年新课标全国卷I)2.The next morning he hired a boat and set out _(find)the well-known painter.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.(2020年新课标全国卷年新课标全国卷III)to findto f
25、indsurrounding4.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟模拟)and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _(walk)through a rainforest.(2020年全国新高考年全国新高考I卷卷)5.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _(change)lives.Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and in dry areas,_(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉灌溉)their fields.(2020浙江卷浙江卷)walkingto changemakingFinish Part C on Page 76.
