1、动词时态和语态动词时态和语态一一.一般现在时一般现在时1.一般用法一般用法:1表示表示现在经常性或习惯性现在经常性或习惯性的动作。的动作。时间状语时间状语:every,sometimes,often,always.e.g.He often _(go)to the cinema.2表示表示现在的能力、特征、职业现在的能力、特征、职业等等。e.g.He _(sing)well.（能力）（能力）3表示表示客观真理、科学事实客观真理、科学事实、格言、格言等。等。e.g.Knowledge _(be)power.（客观真理）（客观真理）goessingsis2.特别用法特别用法:1时间、条件、让步状语从
2、句中时间、条件、让步状语从句中,主将从现主将从现原则原则.e.g.I will write to her when I_(have)time.Next time Ill do as he _(say).2表示按规定、时间表表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的、计划或安排要发生的动作动作,用一般现在时表将来用一般现在时表将来.e.g.The train _(leave)at 12:00.havesaysleaves基本构成：主动语态：动词原形动词原形 或 v.-s/es(三三.单单)beleavesam/is/aree.g.He _(leave)early every morning.She
3、is a good girl and _(study)hard.dodoeshavehasgogoesstudystudiesstudiesMy father _(go)home late every day.goese.g.Oh,I _(bite)by a snake.被动语态被动语态：am/is/are+doneam bittenThe child _(take)good care of.Many books _(sell)in the bookstore every year.are soldis takenWe often clean the table.(变被动语态)二二.一般过去时
4、态（一般过去时态（did式）式）:1.基本用法基本用法:1表示表示过去过去发生的动作或存在的状态发生的动作或存在的状态.时间状语：时间状语：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now等等 e.g.He _(buy)the computer five years ago.2)表示表示过去经常性或习惯性过去经常性或习惯性的动作的动作.e.g.We often _(play)together when we were children.注注:表示过去习惯性的动作表示过去习惯性的动作,可用可用would,used to,
5、e.g.He used to go to work by bus.boughtplayed2.特别用法特别用法:(了解了解)过去时表示现在，表示过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气委婉语气:1)动词动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等等:e.g.I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词情态动词 could,would。e.g.Could you lend me your bike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？能借用一下你的自行车吗？基本构成：主动语态主动语态：v-edbeleftwas/weree.g.He
6、_(leave)early every morninglast year.My father _(go)home late yesterday.do/doeshave/hasgo/goesstudy/studiesstudiedWhen I was young,I _(study)hard.wentdidhadwentstudiedbuyboughte.g.He _(bite)by a snake just now.被动语态被动语态：was/were+donewas bittenWhen he was a child,he _(take)good care of.Many books _(se
7、ll)in the bookstore two years ago.were soldwas takenShe _(praise)by her teacher.was praised三三.一般将来时一般将来时:1.will+动词原形动词原形 表示纯粹的将来表示纯粹的将来e.g.He _(be)19 years old next week.e.g.You forgot to turn off the light.-Oh,so I did.I _(go)and turn it off.e.g.The radio says it _(be)sunny tomorrow.will bewill gow
8、ill be2.be going to+动词原形动词原形（2种常见用法）种常见用法）1)强调强调打算计划打算计划做某事做某事e.g.I _(write)a novel next year.e.g.He _(buy)a big house in 2014.am going to writeis going to buy2)表示表示有迹象表明有迹象表明要发生要发生.e.g.Look at the clouds.It looks as if it _(rain).is going to rain3.be+to do 常表示常表示有义务应该做有义务应该做.e.g.I work as a baby-si
9、tter so I _(take)good care of the baby.am to take有时也表示有时也表示注定要注定要.或或打算打算.e.g.Your plan _(be)a failure.is to be e.g.We _(discuss)the report next Saturday.are to discuss4.be about to do.(when)正要做正要做.的时候，的时候，正在那时发生了正在那时发生了.e.g.I _(go)out when the telephone rang.was about to go了解：了解：be about to do 不能与不能
10、与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。e.g.I was about to explain _ she interrupted me.when被动语态结构：被动语态结构：will+be done 将要被将要被.e.g.The problem _(discuss)tomorrow.will be discussede.g.The work _(finish)next Sunday.will be finished 翻译1.1.上海位于中国东部。（上海位于中国东部。（lie in）2.2.地球是圆的。地球是圆的。3.3.她每天早上她每天早
11、上7点离开家去学校。点离开家去学校。4.4.地球围绕太阳转地球围绕太阳转。5.5.他们想要好工作。他们想要好工作。6.6.这项工作我不满意。（这项工作我不满意。（satisfy）7.7.我喜欢古典音乐我喜欢古典音乐。1.Shanghai lies in the east of China.2.2.The earth is round.3.3.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.4.4.The earth moves around the sun.5.5.They want good jobs.6.6.This work does not sat
12、isfy me.7.7.I love classical music.8.8.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。太阳从东方升起在西方落下。9.比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人。当他小的比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人。当他小的时候，他喜欢玩电脑游戏。时候，他喜欢玩电脑游戏。10.他今天上午没上课。他今天上午没上课。11.我昨天感到很累，因为我打篮球了。我昨天感到很累，因为我打篮球了。12.今天早上我迟到了。今天早上我迟到了。13.如果明天不下雨，如果明天不下雨，我将去远足。我将去远足。14.十年后，十年后，我将会有一个快乐的家庭，过我将会有一个快乐的家庭，过上幸福的生活。上幸福的生活。8.The sunrises
13、 in the east and sets in the west.9.Bill Gates is the richest man in the world.When he was young,he liked to play computer games.10.He didnt have classes this morning.11.I felt very tired last night because I played basketball.12.I was late this morning.13.If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go hiking
14、.14.Ten years later,I will have a happy family and live a happy life.15.我相信我们会成功的，只要我们努力。我相信我们会成功的，只要我们努力。16.他打算明年夏天去国外。他打算明年夏天去国外。17.现在很多人说英语。（主动、被动）现在很多人说英语。（主动、被动）18.这扇窗户昨天被打破了。这扇窗户昨天被打破了。19.这项工作将于这项工作将于2015年完成。年完成。15.I believe we will succeed as long as we work hard.16.He is going to go abroad n
15、ext summer.17.Nowadays many people speak English.English is spoken by many people nowadays.18.The window was broken yesterday.19.The work will be finished in 2015.高考题探究：1.I dont know if he _.If he _,Ill let you know.A.will come;will come B.comes;comes C.will come;comes D.comes;will comeC2.-Kate has
16、come back home from her long holidays abroad.-Oh,really?I_._ visit her.A.didnt know;Ill go and B.dont know;Ill go and C.dont know;Im going to D.didnt know;Im going toA3.Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined4.The wet w
17、eather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expectedDA5.If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining6.If their marketing plans succeed,they _ their sales by 20 pe
18、rcent.A.will increase B.have been increasin C.have increased D.would be increasingAA7.John promised his doctor he _ not smoke,and he has not smoked ever since.A.might B.should C.could D.would.8.Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?Who _ it?A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had writtenDC过去将来时过去将
19、来时常用在常用在宾语从句宾语从句中，表示过去的将来中，表示过去的将来e.g.She said she _(wait)for us at the train station.would waite.g.They told us that the trees _(plant)soon.would be plantedwould+dowould+be done现在进行时现在进行时:基本构成：基本构成：am/is/are+doing 基本用法：基本用法：1.表示说话时表示说话时正在发生正在发生的事情。的事情。e.g.We_(have)a meeting.are having2.表示表示现阶段正在进行现
20、阶段正在进行的动作的动作,说话时动作未必正在说话时动作未必正在进行。（表示现阶段一直在进行。（表示现阶段一直在）e.g.He _(teach)in a school.is teaching3.表示趋向性动词用表示趋向性动词用现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来.e.g.I _(leave)tomorrow.am leaving4.现在进行时与现在进行时与always/constantly/continually等连用等连用,表示称赞、惊讶、厌恶等表示称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩感情色彩e.g.Shes always helping others.翻译：她总是帮助别人。翻译：她总是帮助别人。被动语态：
21、被动语态：结构：结构：am/is/are+being done 正在被正在被.Youd better not choose this road.The bridge _(build).A.is built B.builds B.C.is being built D.is buildingC基本构成：基本构成：was/were+doing 过去进行时过去进行时基本用法：基本用法：1.表示表示过去过去某一时间某一时间/时段时段正在进行正在进行的动作。的动作。e.g.When he came in,I _(remember)English words.was remembering-Hey,look
22、 where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.(99 N)A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticingC.I havent notice D.I dont notice2.过去进行时与过去进行时与always/constantly/continually等连用等连用,表示过去对主语称赞、表示过去对主语称赞、惊讶、厌恶等。惊讶、厌恶等。e.g.He was continually asking her questions after class.3.趋向性动词用在趋向性动词用在宾语从句宾语从句中，表示中，表示过去将过去将来来
23、要发生的动作。要发生的动作。e.g.He said that he _(come)to see you the next month.was coming被动语态：被动语态：结构：结构：was/were+being done 过去正在被过去正在被e.g.The tool _(make)when I got there.was being made 将来进行时将来进行时结构：will be+doing基本用法基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作.When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow,my son will be watching TV
24、.高考题探究：1.You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.（2004年福建卷）年福建卷）A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waited2.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(99 上海上海)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.Play3
25、.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(2001 N)A.is changingB.has changed C.will have changed D.will changeAA4.-Excuse me,Sir.Would you do me a favor?-Of course.What is it?-I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.(02 北京北京)A.had wondered
26、B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder5.The church tower which will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.(10上海上海31)A.has restored B.has been restored C.is restoring D.is being restoredBD6.A new cinema _ here.They hope to finish it next month.(2001 北京春季北京春季)A.will be built B.is b
27、uilt C.has been built D.is being builtD7.Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?Yes，I have.I guess it_now.(07辽宁辽宁22)A.has graded B.is graded C.is being graded D.is gradingC8.The telephone，but by the time I got indoors，it stopped.(08四川7)A.had rungB.was ringing C.ringsD.has rungB9.Teenagers_ their hea
28、lth because they play computer games too much.(08重庆35)A.have damaged B.are damagingC.damaged D.will damageBHomework：1.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.(2002上海春季上海春季)A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cutC2.Whats that noise?Oh
29、,I forgot to tell you.The new machine.(08浙江浙江)A.was testedB.will be tested C.is being testedD.has been testedC3.I walked slowly through the market,where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.（10湖南湖南31）A.sell B.were selling C.had sold D.ha
30、ve soldB4.Have you got any job offers?No.I_.(08辽宁辽宁29)A.waited B.had been waiting C.have waited D.am waitingD5.Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea.He _ it this morning.（2004年全国卷）年全国卷）A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done6.Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No,sir.I a newspa
31、per.(07四川四川30)A.read B.was reading C.would read D.am reading 15.(07全国15)Is there anything wrong，Bob?You look sad.Oh，nothing much.In fact，Iof my friends back home.A.have just thoughtB.was just thinking C.would just thinkD.will just be thinking 答案 B 17.(07北京35)It was really very kind of you to give me
32、 a lift home.Oh，dont mention it.Ipast your house anyway.A.was comingB.will comeC.had comeD.have come 答案 A 解析 句意为：“你让我搭便车回家真是太好了。”“噢，不用客气，反正我当时正好经过你家。”此处用过去进行时表示过去某个时间内正在进行的动作。基本构成：基本构成：have/has done四四.现在完成时现在完成时基本用法基本用法:1表示一个动作发生在表示一个动作发生在过去过去,已经已经完成完成,且对现且对现在造成在造成影响或结果影响或结果.e.g.He has left the city
33、.（结果（结果:他不在这个城市）他不在这个城市）Someone has broken the window.（结果（结果:窗户仍破着）窗户仍破着）2表示一个动作从过去持续到现在表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束持续下去或可能到此结束.e.g.Great changes have taken place in the past ten years.She has taught in the school for ten years.“since+that从句从句（从句中用（从句中用一般过去时一般过去时）”，则主句中用则主句中用现在完成时现在完成时.用现在完成
34、时的典型场合用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间点过去时间点”,句中用句中用现在完成时现在完成时.e.g.I _(not see)her since last week.havent seene.g.I _(not know)her since I was seven years old.have known2句中有句中有so far,in/during the past/last.years,for+时间段时间段，up to now,by now 等时间等时间标志词。标志词。e.g.Up to now,there _(be)no news.has been(2009全国全国)Pro
35、gress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.Awas Bhad beenChas been Dwill beC3)现在完成时还常和以下词连用：现在完成时还常和以下词连用：just(刚刚刚刚)、recently(最近最近)、before(以前以前)，never(从不从不)，already(已经已经)，yet(已经已经)等等。e.g.I _(finish)my homework yet.I am busy with it.havent finishede.g.They have ju
36、st left.3“It/This/That is the first（second/third）timethat从句从句”或或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句从句”或或“It/This/That is the 最高级最高级 that从句从句”e.g.It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.It/This/That is the most
37、interesting book that I have ever read.（注（注:以上句型把以上句型把is改为改为was,则从句时态相应改为则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）过去完成时态）3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果对现在的影响或结果,而一般过而一般过去时态强调这一个去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。语。一般
38、过去时的时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now等，等，皆为具体的时间状语。皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：共同的时间状语：this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately 等等 e.g
39、.Ive lived here for ten years.（现在仍住在（现在仍住在这儿这儿）I lived here for ten years.（现在不住在这儿（现在不住在这儿）He has bought a house.（现在已拥有这房子）（现在已拥有这房子）He bought a house.（现在拥不拥有这房子（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道不知道,只是知道买了房子只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）卖掉了）五五.现在完成进行时（现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing）1.一般用法一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行表示现在以前一段时间里一
40、直在进行的动作的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止也可能已停止,e.g.It has been raining since two days ago.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.A.have been goingB.have goneC.was going toD.will have gone六六.过去完成时（过去完成时（had p.p.）1.表示过去的过去表示过去的过去 时间状语时间状语before,by,until,when,after,on
41、ce e.g.I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.用好过去完成时用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过过去的过去去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.I had meant to come,but somethi
42、ng happened.（I meant to have come,but something happened.）I had intended to speak at the meeting,but time didnt permit.（I intended to have spoken at the meeting,but time didnt permit.）3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1“It/This/That was the first（second/third）timethat从句从句”或或“It/This/That was the onlythat
43、从句从句”或或“It/This/That was the 最高级最高级 that从句从句”2by（the end of)/by the time 过去时间过去时间,e.g.We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term.By the time he came back,we had repaired the machine.3no sooner than ;hardly/scarcely when No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his cl
44、assmates.Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.七七.将来完成时（将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.When we get there,shell have gone to work.2.by（the end of）将来时间）将来时间,e.g.We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term.By the time he comes back,we will have repai
45、red the machine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.Ill go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。等我完成工作以后我就同你去。八八.现在进行时（现在进行时（bev-ing）:1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g.Were having a meeting.（说话时正在进行（说话时正在进行的动作）的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行
46、的动作或表示长期的或重表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。He is teaching in a school.（目前这个阶段正（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）在进行的动作）3.现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生表示按计划或安排要发生的动作的动作,e.g.Im leaving tomorrow.语态语态被动语态的构成方式：被动语态的构成方式：be/get+过去分词过去分词注意注意1.主动变被动时，主动变被动时，宾补成主补宾补成主补（位置不变）；（位置不变）；（作补语的）（作补语的）不定式前需加不定
47、式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)2.短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉勿要掉“尾巴尾巴”。Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.3.当句子的谓语为当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时等时，被动语态有两，被动语态有两种形式种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不
48、定式作主补。（B）用）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。如：如：He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。例如：例如：（错）（错）The price has been risen.（对）（对）The price has risen.（错）（错）The price has raised.（对）（对）The price has been rai
49、sed.（错）（错）Please seat.（对）（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。哪些是不及物的。2.系动词无被动语态，如系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。等。例如：例如：It sounds good.听上去不错。听上去不错。主动形式表示被动意义主动形式表示被动意义 1.表示主语特征、状态的动词表示主语特征、状态的
50、动词wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：等。例如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。这本书销路好。2.be to blame(受谴责受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如：主动形式表被动。例如：I was to blame for the accident.事故发生事故发生 了，我该受指责。了，我该受指责。3.在在need,require,want,worth（形容词）（形容词）,deserve后后 例如：例如：The door nee
