1、高考英语复习:完形填空高考英语复习:完形填空 议论文议论文(课标全国卷)As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this 1._ at work in people of all 2._.For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about 3._ with their new toys.But their
2、 4._ soon wears off and by January those 5._ toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of 6._ stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someones 7._ interest.When parents bring home a pet,their child 8._ bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time,how
3、ever,the 9._ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.A D C B A D B C B Adolescents enter high school with great 10._ but are soon looking forward to 11._.The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then,how many 12._,who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work,13._
4、 drove for hours at a time when they first 14._ their drivers licenses(执照)?Before people retire,they usually 15._ to do a lot of 16._ things,which they never had 17._ to do while working.But 18._ after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as t
5、he jobs they 19._.And,like the child in January,they go searching for new 20._.D A C B D D A A D C B 文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。一般来说,任何事情做久了都会让人厌倦。实际上不论是在工作中,还是在人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象;同样的厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。1AprincipleBhabitCway Dpower解析:根据文章开头的As a general rule.(作为一个通用的规则)可知,此处意为“我们能在中看到这个定律”,上文中rule暗示此处要用principle。2Apart
6、iesBracesCcountriesDages解析:由For example后面提到的几类人children,adolescents,young adults以及people to retire可知此处要填ages,意为“我们可以看到这一定律对各年龄段的人都有效”。3Aworking BlivingCplayingDgoing解析:根据该空后面的with their new toys可知孩子们是“玩耍”新的玩具,所以此处要用playing。4AconfidenceBinterestCanxietyDsorrow解析:分析语境,前文说“孩子们很兴奋地玩他们的新玩具”,由But表转折可知,他们的
7、兴趣(interest)慢慢消失,而不是confidence“信心”,anxiety“焦虑”,sorrow“伤心”。wear off逐渐减少,慢慢消失。下文的.each standing as a monument to someones _7_ interest.也暗示此空填interest。5AsameBextraCfunnyDexpensive解析:这里提到的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具,所以此处要用same。6AwellorganizedBcolorfullyprintedCnewlycollectedDhalffilled解析:下面的unfinished models“没有完成
8、的模型”是重要提示,与unfinished并列的应是halffilled,意为“完成一半的”集邮册,而不是“排列好的”“绘成彩色的”或“最新收集的”。7AbroadBpassingCdifferentDmain解析:此处语境为:这个世界上到处都是装满一半的集邮册和尚未完成的模型,每个都是某人曾经的兴趣的纪念碑。passing interest“曾经的兴趣”,也就是曾经那么感兴趣,而现在没有兴趣了。8Asilently BimpatientlyCgladlyDworriedly解析:结合下文的Within a short time,however,the _9_ of caring for th
9、e animal is handed over to the parents.可知,开始时孩子很乐意(gladly)为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发。silently 沉默地;impatiently不耐烦地;worriedly忧虑地。9Apromise BburdenCright Dgame解析:孩子没有了兴趣,因此照顾宠物的负担(burden)就移交给父母了。promise承诺;right权利;game游戏。10AcourageBcalmnessCconfusionDexcitement解析:根据_3_空前面的children are excited about 可以得知,进入高中的青少年也是满怀“兴奋
10、”的,故此处要用excitement。11AgraduationBindependenceCresponsibilityDsuccess解析:刚进入高中的青少年开始时很兴奋,从but可以推知,他们不久就失去了兴趣而盼望毕业(graduation)。independence独立;responsibility责任,职责;success成功。12AchildrenBstudentsCadultsDretirees解析:根据_11_空后面的The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then.可知,此处是讲成年人(adults)的
11、事情。13AcarefullyBeagerlyCnervouslyDbravely解析:根据后面的.when they first _14_ their drivers licenses(执照)?可以推知,人们最初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车的,故此处要用eagerly。14ArequiredBobtainedCnoticedDdiscovered解析:成人“获得”驾照,因此要用obtained。require要求;notice注意到;discover发现。15AneedBlearnCstart Dplan解析:退休前他们通常打算(plan)做很多事情。16AgreatBstrangeCdi
12、fficultDcorrect解析:由下文的the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes可知,这是他们退休后打算做的“极好的事情”,所以此处要用great。17AtimeBmoneyCskillsDknowledge解析:根据前面的before people retire可知,他们要做自己原来没有“时间”做的事情,所以此处要用time。18AonlyBwellCeven Dsoon解析:soon after意为“不久”,也就是在他们退休后不久,所以此处要用soon。19Alost BchoseCleftDqu
13、it解析:根据前面的after retirement 可知他们退休了,而他们退休前打算要做的那些事情也正如他们离开的工作一样无聊,所以此处要用left。20ApetsBtoysCfriendsDcolleagues解析:like the child in January“像一月份的孩子那样”,孩子们一月份时已经对圣诞节的玩具失去兴趣了,故此处意为退休的人对他们之前的打算失去兴趣了,像孩子那样寻找新的玩具(toys)。一、题型解读议论文型完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。二、解题技巧1对于纯议论型的完形填空,在把握全文主旨的情况下,抓住每
14、段的首句是非常重要的。有一项调查结果表明:英语中有60%90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句,抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文章也就不难了。名 师 点 津2理清文章的论点、论据和结论。与记叙文型完形填空相比,议论文型完形填空更难做一些。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件的发生、发展过程就能将情景把握好。然而,议论文型完形填空就没有这么简单了。如果我们对论点、论据、结论都把握不清,只能是莽撞地选择答案。一般说来,能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据里得到印证,且论点里某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点论据形成相辅相成的关系,从而使整篇文章内容上下一致。如果我们
15、所选的答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠条理性和系统性,这时我们需要重新来理顺文章中的各部分,直到条理清晰为止,然后再依据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。1把握首段和首句完整的信息,把握全文的主旨大意议论文的论点一般在首句或首段,这样有利于考生掌握文章的导向,也有利于对下文的理解。All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years.Its the age when we have to deal with the most 1._ in our
16、life.This transition(过渡)from childhood to adulthood is 2._ for some,but rough for others.The most important thing about being a teenager is 3._.When we are teenagers,we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.典 例文章大意:本文开篇第一句是论点:每个人到青春期都会经历一些困难时期。下文讲述的内容均围绕这一论点展开。1AchancesB changes
17、CfeelingsDexpectations解析:由下一句中的“This transition”可知,此处表述在这个阶段,我们需要面对生活中的大多数改变(changes)。故选_B_。2Asmooth BpracticalCdemandingDnecessary解析:由下文“but rough.”可知,此处用smooth“顺利的”和后面的rough形成对比。从童年到成年的过渡,对有些人来说是很顺利的(smooth),但是对另外一些人来说却很艰难。故选_A_。3AknowledgeBindependenceC confidence Dresponsibility解析:根据此空下一句“当我们成为青
18、少年时,我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知,此处表示“成为青少年最重要的一件事就是承担起责任(responsibility)”。故选_D_。2把握作者的观点和态度议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点,而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点,了解作者对某一事物是褒还是贬,是赞成还是反对,通常把握了作者的观点也就是找准了文章的论点。(广东卷)How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1._ to live no longer than 120
19、years.However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to liveif he or she is 2._ healthy and lucky.Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet,our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3._.They wear out,and as a result,we get old and 4._ die.Even though we cant
20、 live forever,we are living a 5._life than ever before.In 1990,the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years,but today it is 75 years!典 例文章大意:本文主要分析了人类寿命延长的原因以及人口老龄化对社会的影响。1AdesignedBselectedCimprovedDdiscovered解析:科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类的寿命可长达120岁,design“设计”;select“选择,挑选”;improve“提高,改善”;discover“发现
21、”。故选_A_。2AcompletelyBgenerallyCapparentlyDextremely解析:然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命如果他极其健康和幸运。completely“完全地”;generally“一般地”;apparently“显然地”;extremely“极其,非常”。故选_D_。3ArapidlyBharmlesslyCendlesslyDseparately解析:根据文章可知,此处表述由于人体的细胞不会无止境的再生,因此人的寿命是有限的。rapidly“快速地”;harmlessly“无害地”;endlessly“无止境地”;separately“分离地,分开
22、地”。故选_C_。4AeventuallyBseparatelyCautomaticallyDdesperately解析:他们(细胞)衰竭后,结果我们就会变老并最终死亡。eventually“最终”;hopelessly“没有希望地”;automatically“自动地”;desperately“绝望地”。故选_A_。5AbusierBlongerCricherDhappier解析:由下文所学的1900年美国人的平均寿命的例子可知,现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选_B_。3论点、论据互相结合,选出正确答案一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地
23、结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据与论点相悖,最后的结论与论点矛盾,那么我们就要重新理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,这样才能选出正确答案。(广东卷)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again,teenagers have 1._ feelings about their parents,saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent research,th
24、e most common 2._ between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand,parents go mad over 3._ rooms,clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4._.On the other hand,teenagers lose their patience continually when parents bla
25、me them for 5._ the towel in the bathroom,not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.典 例文章大意:本文讨论了青少年和家长之间难以相处的原因和解决这一问题的办法。作者认为,沟通是一个双向的过程,一味地批评和责备会使亲情疏远,父母应当和孩子多交流,互相理解,彼此倾听,才能从根本上解决问题。1AnaturalBstrongCguiltyDsimilar解析:根据该句中的“Then again”,“it is not easy living wit
26、h them”和上句中的“it is difficult to live with teenagers”可知,青少年和他们的父母有着相似的感觉,认为他们彼此之间不容易相处。故选_D_。2Ainterest BargumentClink Dknowledge解析:由本句中的“regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks”可知,这是他们争论的问题,即他们围绕这些生活中的小事而争论。故选_B_。3Anoisy BcrowdedCmessy Dlocked解析:根据该句中的“go mad”,“clothes thrown on the floor”和上句中的
27、“untidiness”可知,父母会对杂乱的房间感到生气。故选_C_。4Ahomework BhouseworkCproblem Dresearch解析:根据上文中的“daily routine tasks”可知,此处是指孩子们不愿做家务。故选_B_。5Awashing BusingCdroppingDreplacing解析:根据语境可知,另一方面,当父母责备他们将毛巾掉落在浴室时,青少年们往往会失去耐心。故选_C_。4通篇阅读,围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题,并最终确定答案按照文章的内容及语境逐题选择完毕后,一篇完整的文章便呈现出来,此时,一定要通读全文,以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离,以求更高的准确度。