1、2021届全国新高考英语精品复习时态和语态现在进行时的结构现在进行时的结构主语主语+其他其他am/is/arev-ing现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法point 1Hurry up,kids!The school bus is waiting for us.Listen to the two girls by the window.What language are they speaking?表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态now 现在现在at the/this moment此刻此刻at present 目前目前look/listen,be quiet,Its.
2、oclockpoint 2The workers are building a new factory.Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻不一定正在进行。表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻不一定正在进行。these daysthis week/month/yearpoint 3I am going on a trip soon.There is coming the bus.表示计划或安排将要发生。（现在进行时表将来）表示计划或安排
3、将要发生。（现在进行时表将来）常用于短暂性动词：常用于短暂性动词：go,come,begin,start,leave,arrive,return,take offpoint 4She is always handing in homework on time.He is always forgetting something.表达说话者出乎意料赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等感情表达说话者出乎意料赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等感情always,forever,constantly,continually,all the time.point 5Our study is becoing more intere
4、sting.The leaves are turning red.get,become,turn等词的现在进行时可表示等词的现在进行时可表示“逐渐，越来越逐渐，越来越”现在进行时的结构现在进行时的结构主语主语+其他其他was/werev-ingpoint 1What were you doing at ten oclock last night.I was watchting TV from 7：00 pm.to 8:00 pm.yesterday.She was cooking at that time.We were discussing the plan the whole mornin
5、g yesterday.表示过去某一刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段内一直进表示过去某一刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段内一直进行的动作。行的动作。at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten oclock yesterday,from.to.yesterday.point 2My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday.When you phoned yesterday,I was playing computer games.表示一个过去的动作正在进行
6、，另一个过去的动作发生了，表示一个过去的动作正在进行，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与常与when和和while引导的状语从句连用。引导的状语从句连用。主句主句+when+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+其他其他while+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+其他其他持续性或短暂性持续性或短暂性持续性持续性I was doing my homework _ my mom came in.I was doing my homework _ my mom was cooking.whenwhen/whilepoint 3He was continually asking questions.The two bro
7、thers were frequently quarreling.She was always coming home late.表示过去反复出现的或习惯性的动作，或强调赞赏、厌恶、表示过去反复出现的或习惯性的动作，或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感情色彩，不强调动作正在进行。生气、好奇等感情色彩，不强调动作正在进行。常与常与always,frequently,continually,constantly,forever等词连用等词连用point 4We were leaving very early so we packeed the night before.He told me he wa
8、s starting tomorrow.表示过去将要发生的动作表示过去将要发生的动作come,go,start,leave,arrive,return,work,look forward to.point 5I was hoping you could lend me your computer.I was wondering if you could help me the problem.展示客气、礼貌或用来表示故事情境。展示客气、礼貌或用来表示故事情境。hope,want,wonder等词等词现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构主语主语+其他其他have/hasv-edpoint 1When
9、 I first met Mary I didnt like him,but I have changed my mind.I have finished my work.Lets go shopping now.表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个不明确的过去时间，但表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个不明确的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果去现在仍有影响。现在已经完成，且结果去现在仍有影响。过去过去现在现在将来将来already 次数次数 yet beforerecently by this timelately evernever so far in the past/last yearspoi
10、nt 2John has lived in England for ten years.I have traveled to most of the cities in China since five years ago.表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态且可能继续延续下去，这表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态且可能继续延续下去，这是只能用表示延续意义的的动词，常与是只能用表示延续意义的的动词，常与for，since（ever sinece,since then 等）等）过去过去现在现在将来将来The couple have married for 3 years.The cou
11、ple have been married for 3 years.The old man has died since his son was 10 years.The old man has been dead since his son was 10 years.buyborrowfinishleavecloseopendiejoinfall asleepmarryfall illput onhavekeepbe overbe awaybe closed be openbe deadbe in/be a/anbe asleepbe marriedbe illhave on/wearhav
12、e/has been tohave/has gone tohave/has been in去过去过去了去了在某地待了多久（可以和在某地待了多久（可以和for+时间段连用）时间段连用）point 3This is the first time that I have been to London.Itll be the first time that Ive spoken in public.特殊句型特殊句型It/This/That is/will be the first/second.time that+从句（现完）从句（现完）过去完成时的结构过去完成时的结构主语主语+其他其他hadv-ed
13、point 1When I arrived there,he had left.The film had begun when we got to the cinema yesterday.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即态，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。过去过去现在现在将来将来by,before,when等引导的短语或从句，如等引导的短语或从句，如by that time,by the end of.,before.,when I got to the station等等He had learned English
14、for 3 years before he came here.point 2I had meant to come,but it rainedI had intended to come to the party,but I was so busy.表示一个打算而未做的事情表示一个打算而未做的事情hope,think,w,mean,expected,intend.point 2Scarcely had the game started when it began to rain.I had hardly arrived at the station when the train left.=
15、Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left.特殊句型特殊句型句型一：句型一：Hardly/Scarcely had.when.No sooner had.than.when,than从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时It was ten years since we had met last time.It is ten years since we met last time.句型二：句型二：It was 时间段时间段 since 从句，从句，since从句之后用过去完成时从句之后用过去
16、完成时It was thw third time that he had made the same mistake.句型三：句型三：This/That/It was the first/second.time that+从句（过完）从句（过完）过去将来时的结构过去将来时的结构主语主语+其他其他would/shouldv-edHe said he would go to the north for the holiday.I told her I should/would return the book in a few days.现在现在过去过去将来将来常与过去将来时连用的时间状语：常与过去
17、将来时连用的时间状语：three days later 三天之后三天之后 the next week 第二周第二周the following day 第二天第二天过去将来时的其他表达方式过去将来时的其他表达方式I thought it was going to rain.He told me he was going to learn another foreign language.（1）“was/were going to+动词原形动词原形”，表达过去曾经打算或假话将要做，表达过去曾经打算或假话将要做的事情或过去的客观迹象表明要发生的动作。的事情或过去的客观迹象表明要发生的动作。过去将来时
18、的其他表达方式过去将来时的其他表达方式He said he was to finish the work in a week.We were to do whatever they told us to do.（2）“was/were to+动词原形动词原形”，表示过去的按计划或安排将在某个过，表示过去的按计划或安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的动作。去将来时间发生的动作。过去将来时的其他表达方式过去将来时的其他表达方式We were about to go into the cinema when Mary appeared.I was just about to ask you the sam
19、e thing.（3）“was/were about to+动词原形动词原形”，表示过去即将要发生的动作，表示过去即将要发生的动作过去将来时的其他表达方式过去将来时的其他表达方式David was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.（4）“was/were doing”，表示过去将来时，用于几个表示位移的动词，表示过去将来时，用于几个表示位移的动词，如如leave,come,go,arrive等，表示过去预计要发生的动作。等，表示过去预计要发生的动作。将来进行时的结构将来进行时的结构主语主语+其他其他will/shall+be+v-ingIm not r
20、eally sure waht I will be doing in ten years from now.I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shangha.常与将来进行时连用的时间状语：常与将来进行时连用的时间状语：by then 到那时到那时 at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天明天/后天的这个时间后天的这个时间at nine oclock net Monday 在下周一九点在下周一九点from 10:00 to 11:00 tomo
21、rrow.the day after tomorrow 明天明天/后天从后天从10点到点到11点点现在完成进行时的结构现在完成进行时的结构主语主语+其他其他have/hasbeen+v-ingShe has been saying that twenty times.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法We have been looking for you for an hour.（动作刚停止）（动作刚停止）She has been teaching English since she graduated.（动作可能还在继续）（动作可能还在继续）（1）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能
22、刚刚停止，也可）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行，对现在有影响。能还在继续进行，对现在有影响。现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法She has been saying that twenty times.He has been calling on her several times this week.（2）表示从过去某时到说话时为止一直不停重复的动作，常带有赞美、）表示从过去某时到说话时为止一直不停重复的动作，常带有赞美、厌烦等感情色彩。厌烦等感情色彩。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：I have been thin
23、king it over.I have thought it over.我一直在考虑这件事。我一直在考虑这件事。我已经考虑完成这件事了。我已经考虑完成这件事了。I have known her for a long time.我认识她很久了。我认识她很久了。I have been reading this book three times.I have read this book three times.()()I have been waiting for you for two hours.I have waited for you for two hours.（可能表示不满）（可能表示
24、不满）（说明一个事实）（说明一个事实）语态主动语态：主动语态：Rowling wrote Harry Potter.被动语态：被动语态：Harry Potter was wrote by Rowling.（主语）（谓语）（主语）（谓语）（宾语）（宾语）（主语）（主语）（谓语）（谓语）（状语）（状语）（1）主语）主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语The government supported the research.政府支持这项研究。政府支持这项研究。变为被动句时，将宾语变为被动语态中的主语。变为被动句时，将宾语变为被动语态中的主语。The research was supported by the
25、government.（2）主语）主语+谓语动词谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语My uncle bought me a new computer.将间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语的位置不变将间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语的位置不变把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，间接宾语前面加上介词把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，间接宾语前面加上介词to或或forI was bought a new computer by my uncle.A new computer was bought for me by my uncle.She told me when the project would
26、 start.她告诉我工程什么时候开始。她告诉我工程什么时候开始。I was told when the project would start.When the project would start was told to me.()()（3）主语）主语+谓语动词谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补People call this team a cheerleading squad.人们把这个队叫作啦啦队。人们把这个队叫作啦啦队。将宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语的位置不变，也自然成为主语补足语。将宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语的位置不变，也自然成为主语补足语。This team is call
27、ed a cheerleading squad.I saw a stranger enter the hall.A stranger was seen to enter the hall.（4）含有）含有be going to do和和be to do等结构的主动句变被动句等结构的主动句变被动句We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting.be going to-be going to be done be to do-be to be doneThe problem is going to be discussed at the mee
28、ting.They are to show this new film on TV next week.This new film is to be shown on TV next week.（5）含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句）含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句We know that he is the best dentist in the town.通常用通常用it作被动句的形式主语，谓语改为作被动句的形式主语，谓语改为be done结构，宾语从句保留不变，也结构，宾语从句保留不变，也就自然成了主语从句。就自然成了主语从句。It is known to us that he is the b
29、est dentist in the town.It is said that.It is reported that.It is believed that.It is thought that.It is well known that.据说据说.据报道据报道.人们相信人们相信.人们认为人们认为.众所周知众所周知.（6）谓语为动词短语的主动句变为被动句）谓语为动词短语的主动句变为被动句They have put off the meeting till next Saturday.有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一
30、个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，这种结构也可以有被动语态，但不能把动词与其后的介词或副词拆开。动词，这种结构也可以有被动语态，但不能把动词与其后的介词或副词拆开。The meeting has been put off till next Saturday.（7）双重被动结构）双重被动结构They asked as to discuss the problem at once.句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词动作的句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词动作的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。We wer
31、e asked to discuss the problem at once.The problem was asked to be discussed at once.（1）一般现在时的被动语态）一般现在时的被动语态We often clean the house.主语主语+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词The house is often cleaned by us.（2）一般过去时的被动语态）一般过去时的被动语态A thief stole my wallet last night.主语主语+was/were+过去分词过去分词My wallet was stolen by a thi
32、ef last night.（3）一般将来时的被动语态）一般将来时的被动语态His company and fans will soon abandon him.主语主语+will/shall be+过去分词过去分词He will soon be abandoned by his company and fans.（4）过去将来时的被动语态）过去将来时的被动语态She hoped that the company would give her a more suitable job.主语主语+would/should+be+过去分词过去分词主语主语+was/were to be+过去分词过去分
33、词She hoped that she would be given a more suitable job.（5）现在进行时的被动语态）现在进行时的被动语态The worker is repairing the machine.主语主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词The machine is being repaired by the worker.（6）过去进行时的被动语态）过去进行时的被动语态The worker was repairing the machine at this time yesterday.主语主语+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词
34、The machine was being repaired by the worker at this time yesterday.（7）现在完成时的被动语态）现在完成时的被动语态We have finished all the tasks.主语主语+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词All the tasks has been finished by us.（8）过去完成时的被动语态）过去完成时的被动语态She said that people had never used this airport.主语主语+had+been+过去分词过去分词She said that this airport had never been used.（9）将来完成时的被动语态）将来完成时的被动语态We will have finish the design by the end of this week.主语主语+shall/will+have+been+过去分词过去分词The design will have been finished by the end of this week.谢 谢 倾 听
