1、阅读理解一、课前词汇复习-阅读词汇 Day1 自自2016年以来，年以来，6年年20套高考全国卷阅读理解套高考全国卷阅读理解部分，共含考纲词汇部分，共含考纲词汇3296个，其中个，其中18套试卷中都套试卷中都出现的有出现的有117个，在个，在9套试卷中出现过的有套试卷中出现过的有468个，个，在在2套卷中出现过的有套卷中出现过的有2107个。我们从中挑选出约个。我们从中挑选出约500个，供考生复习参考。个，供考生复习参考。_ n.缺席；不在缺席；不在_ adj.缺席的缺席的_ vt.吸收；理解；掌握吸收；理解；掌握_ adj.学院的；学术的学院的；学术的_ n.通道；入口；进入通道；入口；进入
2、(权权)_ vt.陪伴陪伴(同同)；伴随；为；伴随；为伴奏伴奏absenceabsentabsorbacademicaccessaccompany_ vt.实现；达到；完成实现；达到；完成_ n.完成；成就完成；成就_ n.帐帐(户户)；解释；解释 vi.说明说明(for)；占；占_ vt.完成，实现完成，实现 _ n.成绩；成就成绩；成就_ vt.承认；认可承认；认可_ adv.事实上；实际上事实上；实际上accomplishaccomplishmentaccountachieveachievementacknowledgeactually_ vt.使适应；改编使适应；改编 vi.适应适应(
3、to)_ n.适应；改写适应；改写(本本)_ n.加，加法；增加的人加，加法；增加的人(或物或物)_ n.地址；演说地址；演说 vt.写地址；演说写地址；演说_ vt.调整；调节调整；调节 vi.适应适应(to)_ n.调整；适应调整；适应adaptadaptationadditionaddressadjustadjustment_ n.准许进准许进(加加)入；入场费；承认入；入场费；承认_ vt.承认；准许承认；准许进进(加加)入入_ vt.收养；采取；采纳收养；采取；采纳_ n.成人；成年人成人；成年人_ v.预先；提前预先；提前 n.前进；进展前进；进展_ n.优点；有利条件；好处优点；
4、有利条件；好处admissionadmitadoptadultadvanceadvantage考点考点1：理解主旨要义：理解主旨要义二、阅读理解专题 最近三年，三套全国卷中的每一套都有最近三年，三套全国卷中的每一套都有12题考查主旨要题考查主旨要义，且每套题都有一道题要求考生给短文选择一个恰当的标题。义，且每套题都有一道题要求考生给短文选择一个恰当的标题。这类题包括段落大意、短文大意和短文标题三类。其中大这类题包括段落大意、短文大意和短文标题三类。其中大意类的题干中常含意类的题干中常含main idea或或mainly about，标题类含，标题类含title。如：。如：大意类大意类What
5、is the first/second paragraph mainly about?(2020年全国年全国卷；卷；2019年全国年全国卷；卷；2017年全国年全国卷卷)What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?(2020年全国年全国卷卷)What is the main idea of the text?(2018年全国年全国卷卷)What is the text mainly about?(2020年全国年全国卷；卷；2020年全国年全国卷；卷；2019年全国年全国卷；卷；2018年全国年全国卷卷)What is the main idea of Pa
6、ragraph 1?(2012年全国课标卷年全国课标卷)标题类标题类What is/can be/might be the best title for the text?(2021年全国甲卷；年全国甲卷；2019年全国年全国卷；卷；2019年全国年全国卷；卷；2018年年全国全国卷卷)Which of the following can/might be the best title for the text?(2021年全国乙卷；年全国乙卷；2020年全国年全国卷；卷；2017年全国年全国卷卷)What/Which can be a suitable title for the text?
7、(2020年全国年全国卷；卷；2020年全国年全国卷；卷；2019年全国年全国卷；卷；2018年年卷；卷；2018年全国年全国卷卷)解答主旨要义题的主要方法是寻找主题句。解答主旨要义题的主要方法是寻找主题句。寻找主题句的方法是寻找主题句的方法是略读法略读法，即快速浏览首尾，即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及表达句段关系的连接段、每段的首尾句，以及表达句段关系的连接性词语，性词语，特别是特别是but,however,though(adv.然而然而),in fact,therefore等。有时，没有体现段落或文等。有时，没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句，我们就要根据文章所述内容章主旨的主题句，我们
8、就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。进行归纳和概括。寻找主题句的寻找主题句的6个微技能：个微技能：(1)Now(如今如今)暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。(2)表转折的词。段落中出现表转折的词。段落中出现but,however,actually,while,in fact,on the contrary,in contrast等时，其后的内容往往是作等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要者真正要表达的观点。表达的观点。(3)表总结的词。如表总结的词。如therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion等词后内容也可能
9、是主题。等词后内容也可能是主题。(4)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。往是体现文章主旨的关键词。(5)若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。主旨。(6)说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如their studies show that，the experiment shows that，scientists/researchers have found that或或there is evidence sug
10、gesting that 中中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。从句的内容通常就是主旨。核心步骤：一读核心步骤：一读(略读略读)二找二找(寻找主题句寻找主题句)三比较三比较(将主题句或主将主题句或主要内容同各选项比较要内容同各选项比较)。段落大意段落结构：总-分：主题句在段首 分-总：主题句在段尾 分-总-分：主题句在段中设问方式：What is the.paragraph mainly about?What does the author tell us in Paragraph.?What does the.paragraph talk about?段首段首段尾段尾段首段首:主题句多为段首一
11、两句主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象观点或对象)段尾段尾:主题句也常为段尾句主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结结论或总结)有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括概括无主无主题句题句首尾兼顾法首尾兼顾法寻找主题句寻找主题句段中段中 主题句有时在段中主题句有时在段中(前面的话是前面的话是为引出主题为引出主题)典型例题典型例题（2021年全国乙卷年全国乙卷24）These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile pho
12、ne.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A.Their target users.B.Their wide popularity.C.Their major functions.D.Their complex design.B 词语复现法对点练习对点练习2.(2020年全国年全
13、国卷卷25)The creative team behind “Apes”used motion-capture(动作捕捉动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像图像).In this case,one of a realistic
14、-looking ape.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.The cost of making“Apes.”B.The creation of digitalized apes.C.The publicity about“Apes.”D.The performance of real apes.B 词语复现法3.(2019年全国卷33)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to k
15、eep my high social status Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start
16、interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics o
17、f adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.A1.(2020年全国年全国卷卷32)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discov
18、ered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.对点练习对点练习 What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from v
19、arious workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.D 技巧6文章大意概括文章主旨关键在主题句。主题句的位置：1.1.在句首。在句首。开门见山式，点明主题，其余内容用来解释或拓展主题，即演绎法。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种方法。2.2.在文末在文末。藏头露尾式，陈述细节后，在文末点明主题，即归纳法。记叙文或夹叙夹议文常用此法。3.3.首尾有。首尾有。首尾呼应式，先提出主题，中间展开记叙或者描述，为突出主题，结束时再次点明主题。4.4.在中间在中间。抛砖引玉式，描述细节后中间点明主题，其余内容进一步解释。5.5.全文无。全文无。藏龙卧虎式，主题句
20、隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。寻找主题句的窍门：1.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨句。2.段落中表示转折的词语：however,but,in fact,actually等引出文章主题句3.主题句常是定义性或总结性的句子：therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion等词。略读法略读法读文章标题读文章标题读首尾段落读首尾段落读段落首尾句读段落首尾句留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容文体法文体法新闻报道、议论文和说明文新闻报道、议论文和说明文:主题句主题句在首段在首段记叙文、议论文记叙文、议论文:主题句一般
21、在尾段主题句一般在尾段词语法词语法 在文中出现频率较高的主题词在文中出现频率较高的主题词无主题句的文章无主题句的文章,需读者自己概括大意需读者自己概括大意概括法概括法主主题题归归纳纳法法典型例题典型例题2020年全国年全国卷卷31 With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独孤独),more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least
22、,leads straight to his mother-in-law:she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristolone of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same
23、roof research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with th
24、eir elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.It is said that about 20%of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16%in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million What is the
25、text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C.A housing problem in Britain.D.A rising trend of living in the UK.D 词语复现法 Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad A new report fo
26、und 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together
27、,you know?”Bechtel said,looking up from her bookA lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.对点练习对点练习 2019年全国年全国卷卷31(提示：提示：略读，看有没有能体现本文主旨的主题句，若有，请标明；若略读，看有没有能体现本文主旨的主题句，若有，请标明；若没
28、有，请概括。没有，请概括。)Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar“I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“Its a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason mo
29、re people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt,whos
30、e company provided the statistics for the report.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.A 词语复现法2.(2018年全国年全国卷卷31)Languages have been coming and going for thousands o
31、f years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had ju
32、st five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.主题句主题句后的内容是作者要说明的重点：失去的更多。后的内容是作者要说明的重点：失去的更多。接着讲随着社会的发展，许多语言都消失了接着讲随着社会的发展，许多语言都消失了 Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in nu
33、mber At present,the world has about 6,800 languages Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or
34、three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language
35、 evolution.C 3.(2018年全国年全国卷卷27)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the H
36、udson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two years lat
37、er,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of thei
38、r lives.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soonwhen they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold ru
39、sh happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.A文章标题好标题具备的三大特点：1.概括性-准确而简短2.针对性-覆盖全文大意3.醒目-能激发读者的阅读欲望文章标题文章标题解题解题方法方法 主题
40、词法主题词法 根据主题句，提炼主题词根据主题句，提炼主题词写作法写作法 以此作标题，我应怎么写以此作标题，我应怎么写四大四大特性特性概括性概括性 概括全文概括全文,体现主旨体现主旨针对性针对性 内涵相符内涵相符,范围一致范围一致新颖性新颖性 新颖奇特新颖奇特,吸引眼球吸引眼球 简短性简短性 名词短语名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句动名词短语或祈使句断章取义断章取义 仅为文中一细节仅为文中一细节以偏概全以偏概全离题太远离题太远干扰项干扰项特特 点点 典型例题典型例题（2021年全国乙卷年全国乙卷31）Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceansbe
41、tween 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use pl
42、astic products.At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,”Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled主题句主题句 In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明说明)a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,a truckloads worth of plastic enters the oceanVon Wong hopes that
43、 his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.A.Artists Opinions on Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures Which of the following can be the best title for the text?D
44、点拨：点拨：本题要求考生选择恰当标题。主题句是第本题要求考生选择恰当标题。主题句是第_段段_句，请在文中标示出来，然后对比各选项，只有句，请在文中标示出来，然后对比各选项，只有_项正确。项正确。文章第一段最后一句为全文主题句，该句概括了文章第一段最后一句为全文主题句，该句概括了本文的主要内容，本文主要讲述了艺术家本文的主要内容，本文主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，以期唤起用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，以期唤起人们对环保问题关注的意识，人们对环保问题关注的意识，D项项“海洋塑料转海洋塑料转化为雕塑化为雕塑”最能概括本文的内容和主题，故选最能概括本文的内容和主题，故选D项
45、。项。一1 1.(2020年全国年全国卷卷35)I have a special place in my heart for librarieswhile other kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job As I grew older and
46、 became a mother,the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life对点练习对点练习阅读下列选段，从每题所给的阅读下列选段，从每题所给的A,B,C和和D四个选项中，四个选项中，选出最佳选项。选出最佳选项。(提示提示：略读，看有没有能体现本文主旨的主题句，略读，看有没有能体现本文主旨的主题句，若有，请标明；若没有，请概括。若有，请标明；若没有，请概括。)主题句主题句 Now,I see my children taking their children to the library and I love
47、that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.As a novelist,Ive found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港避风港)for readers and writersLibrari
48、es,in their own way,help fight book piracy(盗版行为盗版行为)and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.Which can be a suitable title f
49、or the text?A.Reading:A Source of KnowledgeB.My Idea about WritingC.Library:A Haven for the YoungD.My Love of the Library D 2.(2020年全国年全国卷卷35)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects The engineers at the Mass
50、achusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that
