高考英语热点归纳总结:非谓语动词(不定式和动名词)(完美版).docx

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1、非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 1 页 共 23 页 后面常跟不定式作宾语的动词有:后面常跟不定式作宾语的动词有: hope to do sth 希望去做某事 wish to do sth 希望去做某事 expect to do sth 希望去做某事 agree to do sth 答应去做某事 promise to do sth 答应去做某事 demand to do sth 要求去做某事 ask to do sth 要求去做某事 refuse to do sth 拒绝去做某事 manage to do sth 设法去做某事 learn to do sth 学会

2、做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 pretend to do sth 假装去做某事 chooseto do sth 选择做某事 intend to do sth 打算做某事 offer to do sth 提出去做某事 plan to do sth 计划去做某事 apply e to do sth 申请去做某事 fail to do sth 做某事失败 afford to do sth 负担去做某事 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事 happen to do sth 碰巧去做某事 英语中能接不定式作宾语的主要动词口诀(英语中能接不定式作宾语的主要动词口诀(2

3、5 个主要动个主要动词)词) 三个希望两答应,hope, wish, expect, agree, promise 两个要求莫拒绝。 demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定, manage, learn, decide/determine 不要假装在选择。 pretend, choose/select 打算提出俩计划, intend, offer, plan, mean 申请失败负担起, apply, fail, afford 准备愿望又碰巧。 prepare, desire, happen I hoped to have seen you in Paris last week

4、.我原指望上星期能在巴黎见到你。 I wish to be forever with him. 我希望能永远和他在一起。 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 2 页 共 23 页 I expect to see you soon.我期盼着能马上见到你。 Sally agreed to be my date tonight. 莎丽同意今晚跟我出去约会。 She promised to be a film star. 她有希望成为一名电影明星。 I demand to know why he had done it. 我要求知道他为什麽做出这种事。 Everyone as

5、ks to have a sweet life. 每一个人都要求拥有甜蜜的生活。 This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact . 这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。 We finally managed to get there in time. 最后,我们设法及时赶到了那里。 Anyone can learn to speak English. 任何人都可以学着说英语。 I decided to conquer English from today! 我决定从今天开始攻克英语! Jim has determined to wo

6、rk harder than before. 吉姆下决心比从前更努力工作。 She pretended to be happy when she saw her father. 她看到她爸爸的时候假装高兴的样子。 Can you choose to fall? 你真能选择堕落吗? I intend to improve my English test, because it is very bad. 我打算提高我的英语成绩,因为老是考得很糟糕。 Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要教鱼游泳(不要班门弄斧)。 I plan to translate the

7、novel. 我计划要翻译这篇小说。 I did not mean to hurt your feelings. 我没有想要伤害你的感情。 International students can also apply to become resident assistants after a year in the dorms. 国际学生也可以在宿舍住满一年后申请成为居民助理的。 He failed to seize the opportunity . 他没有把握住那个机会。 How can he afford to go abroad every year? 他怎么能支付得起每年出国的费用?

8、Do you prepare to accept the challenge? 你做好准备接受挑战了吗? Every man desires to live long, but no man would be old. 人人都希望长寿,但没人愿意变老。 I happen to have an honest partner.我碰巧有一个忠实的好搭档。 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 3 页 共 23 页 后面只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有:后面只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有: 下面的顺口溜有助于记忆: 喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid

9、) 停止,放弃太冒险(stop,give up,risk) 反对想象莫推延(mine,imagine,delay,put off) 要求完成是期望(require,finish,look forward to.) 建议继续勤练习(suggest,goon,practise) 不禁原谅要坚持(cant help,excuse,insist on) 继续注意使成功(keep on,mind,succeed in) 一、有些动词或形容词后面接动名词(Ving)作宾语,有些动词后面接不定式形式作宾语(如 ask) , 还有些动词或形容词既可接不定式又可接 ving 形式作宾语(如 forget, re

10、member 等) ,但是他们 的含义却不相同。下面列举一些常用常用的动词动词和形容词,比较其后后面接动名词和不定式作宾语的区接动名词和不定式作宾语的区 别。别。 1.remember 和 forget remember/forget +doing 表示“过去已经做过”,指行为已经发生过,译为“记得做过某事/忘记做过 某件事”。forget 常用在“Ill never forget doing.”结构中。如: Ill never forget meeting the Queen.我将永远不会忘记见过女王这件事。 remember/forget +to do 表示“事情要去做”,即“事情还未做”

11、,指行为还没有发生。如: Did you remember to buy my cigarettes?你还记得给我买烟吗? 2.stop stop + doing 表示“停止做某件事“。如: I really must stop smoking.我真的需要戒烟了。 stop + to do 表示”停下來去做某件事”,即“做某件事的过程中停下来去做另一件事情”。如: Every hour I stop work to have a little rest.每隔一小时我就停下工作休息一会。 3.go on 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 4 页 共 23 页 go o

12、n + doing 表示“继续做同一件事情”。如: She went on talking about her illnesses until everybody went to sleep.她继续讲她的疾病直到每个人 都去睡觉了。 go on + to do 表示“继续做另外一件事”,是指停止原本手中的事,开始做另外一件事。如: She stopped talking about her illesses and went on to tell us about all her other problems.她停止讲她 的疾病,继续告诉我们她其他的所有问题。 4.regret regret

13、+doing 表示“对已发生的事感到遗憾(已做)”,如: I dont regret telling her what I thought,even if it made her angry.我不后悔告诉她我所想的,即使让 她生气。 regret +to do 表示“对将要做的事感到遗憾(未做)”,如: British Rail regret to announce that the 13.15 train for Cardiff will leave approximately thirty-seven minutes late.This delay is due to the late r

14、unning of the train.英国铁路公司很遗憾的通知大家开往加 地夫的 13.15 列车将大概晚 37 分钟开出。推迟的原因是列车的晚点。 5.allow allow + doing sth 用在主动语态中,allow 后面不用跟宾语,译为“ 允许(做)某事”。当 allow 后面 跟宾语时,用不定式作宾补,即“allow sb to do sth”,译为“允许某人做某事”。如: We dont allow smoking in the lecture room.我们不允许在讲堂里吸烟。 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture ro

15、om.我们不允许人们在讲堂里吸烟。 6.see,watch,hear see,hear,watch 都是感官动词, 后面接动名词 (doing 形式) 表示“当时一瞬间的动作, 部分过程”, 意为“看/听/看正在干什么”;后面接不带 to 的动词不定式,表示“看到或听到动作的整个过程”。 如: I looked out of the window and saw Mary crossing the road.(=She was in the middle of crossing the road)我从窗户往外看的时候,玛丽正在过马路。 I saw Mary step off the pavem

16、ent,cross the road and disappera into the post office.我看到玛丽离开人 行横道,穿过马路,走进邮局不见了。 (目睹了从看到 marry 过马路到消失的整个过程) 7.try try +doing 表示“尝试着干某事”“试着(用什么方法)去做某事”,指的是一种试着、做做看的做 法。如: I tried sending her flowers ,giving her presents,writing her letters;but she still wouldnt speak to me.我 尝试送她花,送她礼物,还写过信,但是她仍然不和我讲

17、话。 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 5 页 共 23 页 try +to do 表示“努力去做某事”、“尽力干”,指想尽一切办法要把事情办成。如: I tried to write a letter ,but my hands were too cold to hold a pen.我努力去些信,但是我的手太冷了 以至于不能握住钢笔。 8.afraid be afraid of + doing sth 表示”担心会发生某事或某情况”,但实际上未必会发生。如: I dont like to drive fast because Im afraid of crash

18、ing.(NOT. Im afraid to crash.) 我不想开太快, 因为 我怕撞车。 表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事 ((指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢) 等, 可以用 be afraid +to do sth 或者 be afraid of + doing sth。如: Im not afraid of telling/ to tell her the truth.我不敢告诉她真相。 9.sorry sorry for + doing 和 sorry about +doing 表示对过去做的事情抱歉。如: Im sorry for/about waking you up.(=Im sor

19、ry that I woke you up.)我很抱歉把你吵醒了。 sorry + 不定式的完成时态(sorry + to have+过去分词)也表示对过去做的事情感到抱歉。如: Im sorry to have woken you up.我很抱歉把你吵醒了。 sorry + to do 表示”对正在做的事情或将要做的事情道歉“,如: Sorry to disturb you-could I speak to you for a moment.不好意思打扰你-我能给你说句话吗? 10.certain 和 sure be certain/sure of + doing sth 表示“句子主语的信

20、念和感觉”,意为“(他/她)确信、自信”。如: Before the game she felt sure of winning,but after five minutes she realized that it wasnt going to be so easy.在比赛之前,她确信自己能赢,但是 5 分钟后她意识到赢不是如此容易的。 be certain/sure + to do sth 表示说话人的看法,意为“一定会”、“肯定会”。如: “Kroftovas sure to win-the other girl hasnt got a chance.”克罗托娃一定会赢其他女孩子不可能

21、有机会。 “Dont be so sure.”不要如此肯定。 11.like,love, hate,prefer,begin,start,attempt,intend,continue,cant bear 上述这些词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式作宾语,含义没有太大的区别。如: I hate working/to work at weekends.我讨厌在周末工作。 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 6 页 共 23 页 She began playing/to play the guitar when she was six.当她六岁的时候,她开始弹吉他。 I

22、intend telling her /to tell her what I think.我打算告诉她我所想的。 在英式英语中,常习惯用“like +doing sth”表示喜欢去做某事,指一种具体的行为,“like +to do sth” 表示喜欢做,说明一种通常情况,一般指习惯爱好。试比较下面两个句子: I like climbing mountains.我喜欢爬山。 I like to start work early in the morning.我喜欢早餐很早开始工作。 在“would like,would prefer,would hate,would love“结构后面,我们则用

23、不定式。如: Id like to tell you something.我想告诉你些事情。 “Can I give you a lift?“No,thanks.Id prefer to walk.“我能为你开电梯吗?“ “不, 谢谢, 我喜欢走路。 ” Id love to have a coat like that.我想要件那样的外套。 试比较下面的句子: Do you like dancing?(=Do you enjoy dancing?)你喜欢跳舞吗? Would you like to dance?(=Do you want to dance now? 邀请)我能请你跳舞吗? 关于

24、“used to + to do“和“be used to +doing“的区别,参考: be used to 的用法,used to do 的用法 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do

25、How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 7 页 共 23 页 Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. It seems(appears)形容词to do It seem

26、ed impossible to save money. 在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词如: difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等; 在句型中, 常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的 sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于 Sb is形容词 to do 句式,如: Itskind of you to help me with my English.=You are k

27、ind to helpme with my English. 动名词作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也常用 It 句式。如: Its +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing Its no good reading in dim light. Its no use sitting here waiting. Its形容词doing Its dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 这样用的形容词有 expensiv

28、e,nice,tiring 等,但 important,necessary 则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如: Itsimportant for you to keep fit. There is no+doing 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 8 页 共 23 页 There is no saying what will happen next. 在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于“Its impossible to“结构。 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽 象动作

29、,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如: Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如: Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 二、作宾语 不定式作宾语 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。 如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long, manage,o

30、ffer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等, 这些词大部分可接 th at 引导的从句。 如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back o

31、n foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之 后,即:主语动词it补语to do 句式。如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 介词 but,except,besides+to do(do) 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 9 页 共 23 页 在这种句型中,如介词前有动词 do,后面应接不带 to 的不定式;如无 do,则接 to 不

32、定式,即带 do 不带 to,带 to 不带 do。如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 动名词作宾语 以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如: admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,dont mind,give up,insist,on, put off 等。

33、如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. 动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 动名词前的介词有时可以省略, 如: have difficulty(in)doing

34、,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing 等。 部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如: begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want 等。 在 need,require,want 后接-ing 形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式, 如: Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). h

35、ate,love,like 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 10 页 共 23 页 接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下,一般要用不定式: hate,like,love 前有 would(should)时,如: Id like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词 begin,continue,start 等是进行式时,如: Thestudents are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. begin,continue,star

36、t 与 know,understand 等状态动词连用时,如: I soon began to understand what was happening. advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit 等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如: Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake. 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。 forget,remember,regret

37、 后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如: Dont forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They reg

38、retted ordering these books from abroad. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 设法尽力做某事 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 11 页 共 23 页 try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics p

39、roblem in another way. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语) stop doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住 cant help to do 不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I cant

40、help to make up the room for you. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 go on doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。 Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world. leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语) leave off doing 停下某事 Its time to leave off talking and to start

41、 acting. They left off to go fishing. 三、做表语 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 12 页 共 23 页 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时

42、,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例) 。当主语是 aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组(例)时,或以 what 引导 的名词性分句(例) ,不定式说明主语的内容。 Our work is serving the people. What he likes is taking a walk after supper. The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. 句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如 Serving thepeople is out work,而句中是现在分词

43、作 表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时 态区别开来。 四、作定语 不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister? Do you have anything to say on the question? Would you please give me some paper to write on? My wish to visit Fran

44、ce has come true at last. 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例) (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例) (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 13 页 共 23 页 有被动含义,却仍用主动语态(例) ;如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态 (例) (4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例to arrive=that will arrive 动名词作定语 This passage c

45、an be used as listening materials. The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. All moving bodies have energy. 句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来的;第句为现在分词作定语,单个 分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语 作定语常置于被修饰词之后。如: The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五、不定式作补足语 作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求按宾语外

46、,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为、状态、特 征,这时意思才相对完整。 (1) 常要求不定式作宾补的动词有: allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive (强迫) encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等。如: 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 14 页 共 23 页 Would you like me to give your re

47、gards to Mary? I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2) 部分动词后常接 to be形容词、名词短语等形式,有时 to be 可省略,如: believe,consider,discover er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understand 等。 We all believe John(to be)honest. I consider him(to be)one o

48、f the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但当不定式是完成式时,to 不能省略,如: We consider him tohave been foolish. (3) 感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略 to I didnt hear anyone say anything about it. They make the students do too much homework every day. 这种句式在变为被动语态时,to 不能省略,如第句: Thestudents are made to do too much Homework every day. 非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)非谓语动词(不定式与动名词) 第 15 页 共 23 页 (4)help,know 后面的“to“可有可无。如: Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform? Ive never known her(to)be late before. 但: He was known to have been to Franc

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