1、专题三完形填空第一节 词汇篇【题型总览】试卷年份体裁考查类型动词(短语)名词(短语)形容词(短语)副词介词(短语)全国卷2020记叙文683212019夹叙夹议文87412018记叙文9821全国卷2020记叙文114322019记叙文953212018记叙文93521全国卷2020记叙文836122019夹叙夹议文94522018记叙文1064命题趋势1.选材特点:以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主,选材内容生活化,有明显的教育意义,体现人文底蕴、健康生活等核心话题。短文一般在250词左右,注重原汁原味。2.设题特点:以考查实词为主,动词和名词的考查占绝对位置。近几年增加了对名词的考查,减少了对副词的
2、考查,高考更加注重对文章内容的理解和把握。命题分析完形填空的设题方式大致可分为语篇层次、句间层次及句内层次三种题型。在难易程度上,句内层次题和句间层次题较容易,考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案,且句内层次、句间层次题考查最多,能保障考生取得基本分数。但高考是选拔性的考试,每篇完形填空总会有那么几个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎。二轮复习在确保句内层次题和句间层次题全做对的前提下,要全力争取语篇层次题多得分。语篇层次题:是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。句间层次题:是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。句内层次题:是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。
3、【解题流程】第一条:初读文章抓要点初读文章只需要明白大意(who,when,where,what),总体把握文章内容、结构、时态变化、情节发展、结果。不必过于求细求全。第二条:重视首句巧预判完形填空首句不设空给考生留下了认真审读的空间。通过首句,要达到:1.预判文章的体裁;2.知晓文章的题材。如:2019年全国卷完形填空的首句:Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home,following a weekend of hun
4、ting.根据首句交代的时间(During the long trip home、following a weekend of hunting)、地点(about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota)、人物(Ehlers)可知,本文体裁是一篇记叙文,题材与周末打猎有关。解析:此处指在after work auction上,警察把在火车上发现(found)的一些东西卖给出价最高的人。此处的drive sb.(2020高考全国卷)She had split up with her husb
5、and the week before,was living in a flat_52_,and since shed found it too much to cope with(应对),shed taken it out on_53_ people.此短语影响对文章细节的理解。动词和动词短语是语言表达的灵魂,也是备考的难点,更是每年高考考生容易失分的地方。语篇层次题:是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。sunstarved急需阳光的。admit Bbelievesafety rule Bcomfort zoneby chance Bby herself句意:这位客人和她丈夫离婚了,自己独自
6、住在公寓。解析:结合上下文可知,作者夫妇告诉孩子们那扇滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户,而对孩子们撒谎的原因是想要阻止他们出去,这个“原因”是显而易见的。第三段尾句:Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog.记叙文或夹叙夹议文完形填空通常在文尾进行简单的升华,说明故事所包含的哲理或总结作者自己的观点。Chesitate Dintend解析:根据上文的“What if it isnt a door?”这一问句可知,孩子们可能怀疑它不是一个真实的机会。receptionist接待员。attend参加,
7、照顾;weatherbeaten受日晒雨淋的;Csalespersons Dreceptionistsfinished Bdelayed近几年增加了对名词的考查,减少了对副词的考查,高考更加注重对文章内容的理解和把握。在难易程度上,句内层次题和句间层次题较容易,考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案,且句内层次、句间层次题考查最多,能保障考生取得基本分数。dream Bliephysical Bbiological第三条:分段阅读脉络现每篇完形填空都有一个明确的主题,每个段落都是围绕着该主题展开的。每段之所以成为一个段落在于除了服务共同的主题之外,还有相对独立的大意。发现这
8、些大意的最好途径就是仔细阅读该段的首、尾句。通过阅读各个段落的首尾句,基本就可以找到文章的发展脉络和结构。如:2019年全国卷完形填空:第一段尾句:He had _43_ to coax(哄)the dog to him but,frightened,it had _44_第二段首句:Back home,Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove.第二段尾句:It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.第三段
9、首句:A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_ as lost in the local paper.第三段尾句:Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog.第四段首句:Jeff had _54_ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog,Rosie,but the gun shots had scared the dog off.第五段首句:Ehlers returned to M
10、innesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.第六段首句:“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_ to it as I am to my dogs,”says Ehlers.根据以上各段的首句、尾句,我们就可以基本判断出故事的主题为:Ehlers在旅行的返程中发现了一只走丢的小狗(Rosie)。回到家后,Ehlers依然担心这只小狗,于是与他的朋友(Greg)一起返回去寻找,并最终把小狗还给了狗
11、的主人(Jeff and Lisa)。第四条:关注升华不跑偏记叙文或夹叙夹议文完形填空通常在文尾进行简单的升华,说明故事所包含的哲理或总结作者自己的观点。阅读此类文章时,要重点关注议论部分,从而总结出文章的主旨。(2020高考全国卷)Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The _41_ is obvious.If we _42_ it is a door,theyll want to go
12、outside _43_It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the _44_But our insisting its _45_ a window has kept them from _46_ millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids.One day theyll _47_ and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a _48_I wonder if _49_
13、should always tell the truth no matter the _50_I have a very strong _51_ that the lie were telling is doing _52_ damage to our children.Windows and doors have _53_ metaphorical(比喻)meanings.Im telling them they cant open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in _54_ they come to a metapho
14、rical door,like an opportunity(机会)of some sort,and _55_ opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just _56_ it and wonder,“What if it isnt a door?”That is,“What if it isnt a _57_ opportunity?”Maybe its an unreasonable fear.But the _58_ is that I shouldnt lie to my kids.I should just _59_ repe
15、atedly having to say,“No.We cant go outside now.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they wont _60_ to open them and walk through.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。在生活中,父母可以向孩子撒谎吗?如果父母对孩子撒谎,有可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。41A.reliefBtargetCreason Dcase解析:结合上下文可知,作者夫妇告诉孩子们那扇滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户,而对孩子们撒谎的原因是想要阻止
16、他们出去,这个“原因”是显而易见的。故选C。答案:C42A.admit BbelieveCmean Drealize解析:根据上文“我和妻子一直把滑动玻璃门说成是窗户”,再结合下文“不想让孩子出去”可知,此处意为“如果我们承认它是门”。故选A。答案:A43A.gradually BconstantlyCtemporarily Dcasually解析:根据常识可知,孩子们会不断地从门里走到外面去。constantly 不断地。故选B。答案:B44A.result BdangerCmethod Dtruth解析:根据下文“我们坚持说它是窗户”可知,此处意为“孩子们显然是知道了真相”。故选D。答案:
17、D45A.merely BslightlyChardly Dpartly解析:根据下文“我讨厌对孩子们说谎”,可知作者并不是认真的,所以只能说“它仅仅是一扇窗户而已”。故选A。答案:A46A.reviewing BapprovingCreceiving Dattempting解析:孩子们知道了它是一道门时,就会尝试着请求到外面去。孩子们在是否能到外面去这个问题上还是尝试着向父母做出请求,这符合常理。故选D。答案:D47A.win out Bgive upCwake up Dstand out解析:随着孩子们长大,终有一天他们会发现他们一直知道的窗户是个谎言,也就是说他们觉醒了。故选C。答案:C
18、48A.dream BlieCfantasy Dfact解析:词汇复现题。根据上文“我讨厌对孩子们说谎”,可知此处指孩子们发现“门是窗户”这个谎言。故选B。答案:B49A.parents BtwinsCcolleagues Dteachers解析:根据第一段可知,文章写的是作者和妻子是怎样教育孩子的。故此处指的是父母。故选A。答案:A50A.restrictions BexplanationsCdifferences Dconsequences解析:根据常识可知,父母无论是一直说谎还是一直讲真话,都会产生后果。故可判断句意为“我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话”。故选D。答案:D51A.
19、demand BfearCdesire Ddoubt解析:词汇复现题。根据下文“Maybe its an unreasonable fear.”可知,此处意为“我有一种很强烈的担忧”。故选B。答案:B52A.physical BbiologicalCspiritual Dbehavioral解析:根据常识可知,说谎可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。故选C。答案:C53A.traditional BimportantCdouble Doriginal解析:本段中,作者将“机会”比喻为“门”,而生活中的机会对于每个人来说都是“重要的”,因此,在生活中,门和窗户有着“重要的”比喻意义。故选B。答案:B5
20、4A.life BtimeCreply Dhistory解析:词汇复现题。根据下文“Then when they come to other doors in life”可知,此处意为“要是他们在以后的生活中遇到一个具有比喻意义的门”。故选A。答案:A55A.by comparison with Bin addition toCregardless of Dinstead of解析:根据下文wonder可推知他们在遇到可能是机会的门时会感到疑惑,所以此处是说他们不敢打开门。instead of 而不是。故选D。答案:D56A.get hold of Bstare atCknock on Dma
21、ke use of解析:根据上文“而不是打开门”和下文的wonder(疑惑)可知,此处应为“凝视”。故选B。答案:B57A.real BtypicalCsimilar Dlimited解析:根据上文的“What if it isnt a door?”这一问句可知,孩子们可能怀疑它不是一个真实的机会。故选A。答案:A58A.safety rule Bcomfort zoneCbottom line Dtop secret解析:综合全文来看,作者认为父母应该教育孩子何时打开生活中的隐喻之“门”,而不应该对孩子说谎。说谎与否是衡量人是否诚实的尺度,这应该是做人的底线,而不是安全问题。故选C。答案:C
22、59A.delay BregretCenjoy Daccept解析:根据下一句可知,作者会告诉孩子那是一扇门,但是现在还不能出去,由此可知,作者认为自己应该“接受”告知孩子们“门”的真相,尽管这意味着会不断拒绝孩子们出去的要求。故选D。答案:D60A.hurry BdecideChesitate Dintend解析:当父母不再向孩子们撒谎,那么当孩子们看到“门”的时候也不会怀疑,他们会没有“顾虑”地打开门,走过去。这与第三段中的 56.stare_at it and wonder 形成对比,此处要表达“没有疑虑或顾虑”的意思。故选C。答案:C易错误区第60题考生易误选A。因为考生会根据上文提到
23、的作者告诉孩子们“现在不要出去”,而联想到孩子可能会在遇到生活中的比喻之“门”时而犹豫不决,也就是不会匆忙去打开“门”。这样错选的原因,可能是考生不理解“be they real or metaphorical”这句话的意思而导致的。该短句意为“无论它们是真实的还是比喻意义上的”。可见,扎实的语言基本功在阅读理解中有多么重要。近几年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出,主要涉及名词、动词(短语)、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、熟词生义的判断以及近义/形近词用法的辨析。没有掌握好基础词汇的词义是造成失分的主要原因之一,而词汇活用掌握不牢则成为拿高分的障碍
24、。考生要想得高分,就要做到“考纲(课标)词汇熟于心,重难词汇巧应用”。预计未来高考完形填空仍将主要考查考生在理解语篇、整体把握文义的基础上,通过上下文的联系对词义进行区别、归纳,从而推断出答案的能力。对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主,且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中,考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识,增加词汇储备量,尤其要注意考纲(课标)词汇中的多义词、考纲(课标)词汇的派生词等,同时提高语言运用能力。层次一词义理解一、动词及短语动词和动词短语是语言表达的灵魂,也是备考的难点,更是每年高考考生容易失分的地方。做这类题时,考生要掌握各个动词的精准含义,还要结合语境和逻辑进行辨别区分。近几年的高考试题更突出了
25、“语境优先,重在运用”的命题导向,考生在备考时要特别关注语境理解。(2020高考全国卷)It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo,”whose real name cannot be _41_ to the public because of Italys privacy laws,_42_ working the whole night at a factory in Turin.As he often did,he stopped by the“after work auction(拍卖)”_43_ by the Italian
26、 police where things _44_ on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.41A.attachedBallocatedCexposed Dsubmitted解析:此处表示“因为意大利的隐私法,他的真实名字不能被透露给公众”。be attached to附属于,依恋;be allocated to被分配给;be exposed to被透露给,接触;be submitted to被提交给。答案:C42A.finished BdelayedCconsidered Dtried解析:根据空后面的working the whole n
27、ight以及after work auction可知,Nicolo结束了一整夜的工作。delay(使)耽搁,延期,推迟;consider仔细考虑,认为;try试图,尝试。答案:A43A.attended BreservedCcancelled Drun解析:此处指像往常一样,他在after work auction旁边停下来,after work auction是由意大利警方举办的。attend参加,照顾;reserve保留,预订;cancel取消;run经营,管理,跑。答案:D近几年增加了对名词的考查,减少了对副词的考查,高考更加注重对文章内容的理解和把握。We cant go outsid
28、e now.dream BlieCreason Dcase(2020高考全国卷)But like anyone for whom you feel affection,41.collegeHe said that if he 51.解析:根据上文“我和妻子一直把滑动玻璃门说成是窗户”,再结合下文“不想让孩子出去”可知,此处意为“如果我们承认它是门”。句内层次题:是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。所以,考生要注意各类相近副词的辨析,还要注意设空部分的语法作用:所考副词若修饰动词,要揣摩动词暗示的情感;第三段尾句:Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to
29、 tell them he had _53_ their dog.merely BslightlyCdesire Ddoubt近几年的高考试题更突出了“语境优先,重在运用”的命题导向,考生在备考时要特别关注语境理解。解析:随着孩子们长大,终有一天他们会发现他们一直知道的窗户是个谎言,也就是说他们觉醒了。二、名词一词多义&熟词生义I wonder if _49_ should always tell the truth no matter the _50_I have a very strong _51_ that the lie were telling is doing _52_ damag
30、e to our children.第一条:初读文章抓要点Ccolleagues Dteachers“No charge,Maam,”he said.instead of 而不是。阅读此类文章时,要重点关注议论部分,从而总结出文章的主旨。解析:根据空后面的working the whole night以及after work auction可知,Nicolo结束了一整夜的工作。For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard,he simply stared down at his fingers.将会直接影响52题的选择;One da
31、y theyll _47_ and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a _48_44A.shown BfoundCkept Dhidden解析:此处指在after work auction上,警察把在火车上发现(found)的一些东西卖给出价最高的人。show展示;keep保留;hide隐藏。答案:B二、名词高考对名词的考查主要分两类:一是考查语境和词的匹配,此时所给选项的词形和词义往往不同,需要考生根据上下文或提示确定答案;二是四个选项或其中几个选项的词形或含义相近,需要考生进行辨析。从近几年的高考题
32、来看,第一类考查频率较高。(2020高考全国卷)As a businesswoman,I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection,_41_ can also drive you mad.Theyll come rushing in.41A.shopkeepers BcustomersCsalespersons Dreceptionists解析:前文作者说自己是一名商业女性,非常重视自己的顾客(customers),后文紧接一个but,说明这两者的关系并不是一直如前文所说,根据选项和后文
33、也可以看出作者表达的是顾客和销售者之间的关系。shopkeeper店主;salesperson售货员;receptionist接待员。答案:B三、形容词和副词高考完形填空对形容词的考查一般更注重结合人物心理或情感的描写,有时也涉及对事物特征的渲染。形容词的加入支撑了情节的发展,所以考生除了要掌握形容词的含义外,更重要的是要融入语境,沉浸到人物的情感世界,这样才能较为准确地把握、预测,提高答题准确率。一部分副词在形容词的基础上变化而来,高考完形填空除了对这类词进行考查外,也有对连接副词、频度副词、程度副词等的考查。所以,考生要注意各类相近副词的辨析,还要注意设空部分的语法作用:所考副词若修饰动词
34、,要揣摩动词暗示的情感;若修饰形容词,要拿捏程度的深浅;若修饰整句话,要推敲句子的逻辑关系。这就要求考生在备考时注意积累,巩固形容词和副词的相关知识,才能在考场上厚积薄发。(2019高考全国卷)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to midMarch41.nearly six months out of the year.The 3,500 residents cannot al
35、l 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time.57.However,the new light feels like more than enough for the towns_58_residents.58A.natureloving BenergysavingCweatherbeaten Dsunstarved解析:根据“does not get direct sunlight from late September to midMarch”可知,小镇差不多半年没有阳光,由此可判断小镇的人们是急需阳光的。natureloving热爱自然的;energy
36、saving节能的;weatherbeaten受日晒雨淋的;sunstarved急需阳光的。这四个选项都为合成词,属于生僻词,考生不熟悉词义的话容易误选。答案:D层次二词汇活用一、动词一词多义&熟词生义(2020高考全国卷)But like anyone for whom you feel affection,41._ can also drive you mad.此处的drive sb.mad意为“_”。customers让某人发疯(2020高考全国卷)She had split up with her husband the week before,was living in a flat
37、_52_,and since shed found it too much to cope with(应对),shed taken it out on_53_ people.52A.by chance Bby herselfCon purpose Don duty解析:split up with sb.和某人离婚了。句意:这位客人和她丈夫离婚了,自己独自住在公寓。by herself她自己。A.偶然地,C.故意地,D.上班,值班。答案:B53A.rude BsuchCother Dlonely解析:她发现自己有太多事情无法应付,就将这种愤怒发泄到身边其他人身上,选C。A.粗鲁的,B.这样的,D
38、.孤独的,均排除。答案:C上述两题看似和动词没有关系,但如果不了解非空格处的split up with sb.将会直接影响52题的选择;53题前的take sth.out on sb.意为“拿某人出气”。此短语影响对文章细节的理解。二、名词一词多义&熟词生义写出下面两个例子中画线词的含义。For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard,he simply stared down at his fingers.Has he forgotten the _?I worried._The result is that we throw aw
39、ay useful possessions to make _ for new ones._notes音符room空间三、词性活用英语词汇除了词义灵活外,词性也需要随着语境的变化而发生一定的变化。He did an excellent job.I asked him to name his fee.“No charge,Maam,”he said.画线词name此处转换为 ,意为“”。动词确定,说定He said without the job,he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.collegeHe said that if he 51.quit_the job,he would lose his _52_to work and succeed.52A.hear BchanceCdrive Dway解析:此处表示如果他辞职,就会失去工作和成功的干劲。drive在此为名词,意为“冲劲,干劲”。熟义为:n.驱车旅行,驱赶 v.驾驶,开车,驱使。答案:C