1、虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气刘小凯刘小凯 什么是语气？什么是语气？语气是动词的一种形式，用以表示说话人对某语气是动词的一种形式，用以表示说话人对某种言行或某种事情的看法或态度。种言行或某种事情的看法或态度。英语有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟英语有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。语气。陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问。常常陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问。常常用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。e.g.I took a shower after supper.e.g.I took a shower after supper.What are you going t
2、o do?What are you going to do?What a beautiful flower!What a beautiful flower!Get out of here!Get out of here!The Subjunctive Mood 什么是虚拟语气？什么是虚拟语气？为什么要学习虚拟语气？为什么要学习虚拟语气？The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；表而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建示说话
3、人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句位语从句)。The Subjunctive Mood 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。如果你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。假如天气好的话，我来看你。假如天气好的话，我来看你。(PS(PS此时为雨季此时为雨季)要是我是你的话，我会马上走。要是我是你的话，我会马上走。if The Subjunctive Mood 在从句中在从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气在短语中在短语中在在if if中中在宾语从句中在宾语从句中在定语从句中在定语从句中在同从、表从句中在同从、表从句中在在if onlyif only中中在在w
4、ould ratherwould rather中中The Subjunctive Mood 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。如果你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。假如天气好的话，我来看你。假如天气好的话，我来看你。要是我是你的话，我会马上走。要是我是你的话，我会马上走。过去过去将来将来现在现在if 一、虚拟在条件从句中一、虚拟在条件从句中 的用法分三种情况的用法分三种情况(以以 do do 为例为例)：时时 间间 if if 主主 句句 现现 在在过去式过去式(did)(did)(be(be常用常用 were)were)Would/could/might/Would/could/migh
5、t/should(should(用于第用于第1 1人称人称)+)+动词原形动词原形(do)(do)过过 去去过去完成式过去完成式(had+done(had+done上面上面4 4个情态动词个情态动词+have +have donedone 将来将来should+do should+do were to dowere to do4 4个情态动词个情态动词 +do+doThe Subjunctive Mood 时态时态条件句条件句主主 句句 动动 词词现在现在时时过去过去时时将来将来时时The Subjunctive Mood 高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptT
6、he Subjunctive Mood nIf If you had come you had come a few minutes earlier,you a few minutes earlier,you would have would have met met him.him.n 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。nIf If it were to be it were to be sunny tomorrow,I sunny tomorrow,I would come would come to see you.to see you.n 明天
7、要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。nIf If I were I were you,I you,I would go would go at once.at once.n 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood If you me,I could have helped.(tell)If I it with my own eyes,I would not have believed it.(see)If we a table earlier,we
8、wouldnt be standing here in queue.(book)If Tom you,he would have said hello.(see)had told hadnt seenhad bookedhad seen 高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt错综复杂虚拟语气：错综复杂虚拟语气：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,叫叫错综复杂虚错综复杂虚拟语气拟语气。If youIf you _ _him yesterda
9、y,youhim yesterday,you _what to do now.what to do now.如果你昨天问他的话，你现在就知道答案了。如果你昨天问他的话，你现在就知道答案了。had askedwould know高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 错综复杂虚拟语气错综复杂虚拟语气如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。易些。If they If they had studied had studied hard,they hard,they could do i
10、t could do it easily now.easily now.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。If he If he had not taken had not taken my advice,he my advice,he wouldnt do wouldnt do it it much better like this.much better like this.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood If you (listen)to the doctor,
11、you (be)well now.had listened would be 高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood If he (get)financial aid,he (graduate)from a college this fall.had got would graduate 高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 省略省略 if if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were,hadwere,had 或或 shouldshould
12、时，可省略时，可省略if if 而把它们放在句首。而把它们放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Should he fail in the experiment 高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptShould he come(=_ _),tell him to ring me up.他要是来了
13、，让他给我打个电话。他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you(=_),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。我要是你，就不做这事。If he should comeIf I were you高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt2,虚拟语气在从句中的用法虚拟语气在从句中的用法宾语从句宾语从句高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt1.wish+thatHow I wishdid/were 现在现在had done 过去过去would/might/could do 将来将来高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高
14、考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptI wish I were as tall as you.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptI wish every day were my birthday.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptI wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考
15、一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptI wish I would grow 1.8 meters tomorrow.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt宾语从句表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即个要求。即:1.insist 2.order,command 1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,(sb.)suggest,propose3.advise,(sb.)suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desir
16、e4.demand,require,request,desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词从句中的动词 使用使用should+should+动词原形，或者将动词原形，或者将shouldshould省略。省略。高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt1.我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that To
17、m(should)have a rest.He insisted that I(should)be present.The king ordered that the prisoners(should)be killed the next day.They requested that we(should)send them to work there.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood insist/suggest不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法（1）.She insisted that she was right.她她坚
18、持认为，坚持说坚持认为，坚持说自己是对的。（坚持事实）自己是对的。（坚持事实）His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.他的叔叔他的叔叔坚持要求坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。他不要待在旅馆里。高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood（2）.The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.I suggested that the workers wages (should)be increased.高考一轮复习
19、语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的应用在demand,proposal,suggestion,order,recommendation,requirement,decision,advice等表提议、要求、命令等名词之后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词可用“should+动词原形（should可以省略)”形式。高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood e.g.He issued e.g.He issued the orderthe order that the troop
20、s that the troops(should)withdraw(should)withdraw at once.at once.My My suggestion issuggestion is that we that we(should)send(should)senda few comrades to help the other groups.a few comrades to help the other groups.他发出命令要求立即完成这项工作。他发出命令要求立即完成这项工作。He He gave the ordergave the order that the work t
21、hat the work be donebe done at once.at once.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 定语从句定语从句高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在“its(high,about)time+that its(high,about)time+that 从从句句”句型中的应用。句型中的应用。在在“its(high,about)time+thatits(high,about)time+that从句从句”句型
22、句型中，从句的谓语动词经常用过去式，指现在中，从句的谓语动词经常用过去式，指现在或将来的情况。或将来的情况。Its time you went to bed.Its time you went to bed.你该上床睡觉了。你该上床睡觉了。是我们该走的时候了。是我们该走的时候了。Its high time that we were off.Its high time that we were off.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt 3 3，If only+If only+简单句简单句“要是要是就好了就好了”Look at the terrible situ
23、ation I am in!If only I had followed your advice.(follow)If only I several foreign languages!If only the explosion ,those people would not have been killed.(happen)had done had done 表示过去没有实现的愿望表示过去没有实现的愿望did/were did/were 表示现在没有实现的愿望表示现在没有实现的愿望had followed could speak had not happened高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语p
24、pt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 4，虚拟语气在would rather等词后的用法在would rather,would prefer等词后面所跟的从句中，也用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。“would rather+主语+谓语动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。“would rather+主语+过去完成时”表示过去的情况。高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 我真希望现在是冬天，这样我就我真希望现在是冬天，这样我就可以去滑冰了。可以去滑冰了。I would rath
25、er it were winter now,I would rather it were winter now,so I can go skating.so I can go skating.我真希望你昨天晚上没对她那么我真希望你昨天晚上没对她那么无礼。无礼。I would rather you hadnt been so I would rather you hadnt been so rude to her last night.rude to her last night.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习
26、语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood If you me,I could have helped.(tell)If I it with my own eyes,I would not have believed it.(see)If we a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in queue.(book)If Tom you,he would have said hello.(see)高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood We suggested
27、that Tom a rest.He insisted that I present.The king ordered that the prisoners the next day.(kill)They requested that we them to work there.(send)高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood Its time you to bed.(go)He issued the order that the troops at once.(withdraw)Its high time that we
28、 off.(be)He gave the order that the work at once.(do)高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptLook at the terrible situation I am in!If only I our advice.(follow)If only I several foreign languages!If only the explosion ,those people would not have been killed.(happen)高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe
29、look on his face suggested that he unhappy.(be)高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语pptThe Subjunctive Mood 1.If I was you,I would run faster.2.If I live near my office,I would walk to work.3.I know nothing about the film.If I knew about it,I will tell you.4.If she worked hard enough,she would have passed
30、 the English exam.5.If it were not rain tomorrow,they might go to the Great Wall.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt6.Should the weather fine,we might go on a trip.7.She was very busy yesterday,otherwise she would come to the meeting.8.I wish I was as tall as you.9.How I wish I can pay a visit to Paris.10.He wishes that he studied French instead Japanese in the college.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt11.Iwouldratheryoupaymenow.12.Itshightimethatwegotobed.13.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIfollowedyouradvice.14.Ifyouaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt高考一轮复习 语法专题虚拟语ppt
