1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解本节课内容本节课内容1.1.句子成分句子成分2.2.每个成分的构成每个成分的构成3.3.句子结构的句子结构的6 6个基本句型个基本句型4.exercises4.exercises本节课内容本节课内容句子句子主干主干：主语：主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语句子句子枝叶枝叶：定语，状语，：定语，状语，补语补语我吃了苹果。我吃了苹果。我昨晚快速地吃了一个很大很红的苹果。我昨晚快速地吃了一个很大很红的苹果。I ate an apple.I ate an apple.I ate a big red apple quickly last night.I ate a big red a
2、pple quickly last night.主语（主语（subjectsubject）:句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词）He likes dancing.He likes dancing.（代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in Twenty years is a short time in history.(history.(数词数词)Seeing is believing.Seeing is believing.（动名词）
3、（动名词）主语（主语（subjectsubject）:句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。To see is to believe.To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式）What he needs is a book.What he needs is a book.（主语从句）（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从
4、句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（谓语（predicatepredicate）:说明主语的动作、状态说明主语的动作、状态和特征。和特征。We study English.We study English.He likes dancing.He likes dancing.He is asleep.He is asleep.表语（表语（predicativepredicative）:系动词之后的成分，系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.He is a teacher.（名词）（名词）Seventy-four!Y
5、ou dont look it.（代词）（代词）Five and five is ten.Five and five is ten.（数词）（数词）He is asleep.（形容词）（形容词）His father is in.His father is in.（副词）（副词）The picture is on the wall.(介词短语介词短语)My watch is gone/missing/lost.My watch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say“Im To wear a flower
6、 is to say“Im poor,I cant buy a ring.poor,I cant buy a ring.（不定式）（不定式）表语（表语（predicativepredicative）:系动词之后的成分，系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。表示主语的性质、状态和特征。The question is whether they will The question is whether they will e.（表语从句）（表语从句）表语（表语（predicativepredicative）:系动词之后的成分，系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。表示主语的性质、状态
7、和特征。（常见的系动词有（常见的系动词有:be,sound:be,sound（听起来）（听起来）,looklook（看起来）（看起来）,feel(,feel(摸起来，摸起来，smellsmell（闻起（闻起来）来）,taste,taste（尝、吃起来）（尝、吃起来）It sounds a good idea.It sounds a good idea.Tom looks thin.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.Now I fe
8、el tired.宾语：宾语：1 1）动作的承受者）动作的承受者-动宾动宾I like China.I like China.（名词）（名词）He hates you.He hates you.（代词）（代词）I enjoy working with you.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）（动名词）I hope to see you again.I hope to see you again.（不定式）（不定式）2 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Are you afraid
9、 of the snake?Under the snow,there are many Under the snow,there are many rocks.rocks.3 3）双宾语双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.We
10、 elected him monitor.（名词）（名词）We will make them happy.We will make them happy.（形容词）（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词副词)Please make yourself at home.介词短语）介词短语）Dont let him do that.（省to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning.（现在分词）主补：对主语的补充。主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.He was elected monitor.She was found singi
11、ng in the She was found singing in the next room.next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。组或句子。Yanling is a chemistry teacher.Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）（名词）He is our friend.He is our friend.（代词）（代词）We belong to the third world.We belong
12、to the third world.（数词）（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.boy a lesson.（形容词）（形容词）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。组或句子。The man over there is my old The man over there is my old friend.(friend.(副词副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is The woman w
13、ith a baby in her arms is my sister.(my sister.(介词介词)The boys playing football are in The boys playing football are in Class 2.Class 2.（现在分词）（现在分词）The trees planted last year are The trees planted last year are growing well now.growing well now.（过去分词）（过去分词）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。组或句子
14、。I have an idea to do it well.I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（不定式）You should do everything that I do.You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）（定语从句）状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。句子。表示表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。条件、方式和让步。1.I will go there tomorrow.1.I will go
15、there tomorrow.2.The meeting will be held in 2.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.the meeting room.3.The meat went bad because of the 3.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.hot weather.4.He studies hard to learn English 4.He studies hard to learn English well.well.状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v.,
16、adj.,adv.,or v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。句子。表表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。条件、方式和让步。5.He didnt study hard so that he 5.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.failed in the exam.6 6.I like some of you very much.I like some of you very much.7.If you study hard,you will pass the 7.I
17、f you study hard,you will pass the exam.exam.8.He goes to school by bike.8.He goes to school by bike.9.Though he is young,he can do it 9.Though he is young,he can do it well.well.分析句子分析句子，说出每个成分，说出每个成分1.He ate a very big apple quickly 1.He ate a very big apple quickly yesterday.yesterday.2.He gave h
18、is cute daughter,Alice,2.He gave his cute daughter,Alice,a book last week.a book last week.分析句子，说出每个成分分析句子，说出每个成分3.He loves the beautiful girl deeply,3.He loves the beautiful girl deeply,Mary,forever.Mary,forever.4.Grandma told me an interesting 4.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.stor
19、y last night.句子结构，简单句的五个基本句型：句子结构，简单句的五个基本句型：I come.I love you.I give you my heart.You make me happy.You are my everything.主语 不及物动词主语 及物动词 宾语 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语主语 系动词 表语 判断以下简单句的五个基本句型判断以下简单句的五个基本句型My head aches.She likes English.She gave John abookShe gave John abookShe makes her mot
20、her angryShe is happy主语 不及物动词主语 及物动词 宾语 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语主语 系动词 表语 Exercises 分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分 1.Our school is not far from my home.主语 系动词 表语 2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you 主语 系动词 表语 3.All of us considered him honest.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sport
21、s shoes.主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 5.He broke a piece of glass.5.He broke a piece of glass.主语 及物动词 宾语 6.He made it clear that he would leave the 6.He made it clear that he would leave the citycity主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语7.I love you more than her7.I love you more than her，child 主语 及物动词 宾语8.Trees turn green when sprin
22、g comes.主语 系动词 表语 9.They pushed the door open.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 主语 及物动词 宾语13.We need a place twice larger than this
23、one.主语 及物动词 宾语14.He asked us to sing an English song.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语15.Dont get nervous15.Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like主语 系动词 表语 16.We will make our school more beautiful.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语17.He didnt come17.He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know主语 系动词 表语 18.She showed us her many of
24、her pictures.主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 19.The old man lives a lonely life.主语 不及物动词20.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.主语 不及物动词21.The cars made in Japan are better than those 21.The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germanyin Germany 主语 系动词 表语 22.There are so many pe
25、ople in the hall that 22.There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find himits hard for me to find him 主语 系动词 表语 23.No matter how difficult the task may be,we must fulfil it this month.主语 及物动词 宾语24.Go back where you came from.主语 不及物动词25.We must do whatever the people want us to do
26、.26.At last he got home,tired and hungry.主语 不及物动词 27.Would you please pass me the cup?主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 29.Do you know the latest news about him?主语 及物动词 宾语30.Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语1There isnt going to be a meeting ton
27、ight.2There was only a well in the village.3There is(are)a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.5The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.6The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.7There used
28、 to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to be nobody in the room.9Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12In front of the cave,there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.13There goes the bell.14There are twenty
29、-eight days in February There be There be 句型句型拓展知识！Thank you！1.满含泪眼问问春花，春花却不答语，零乱的落花已经飘飞过秋千去。2.怎能忍受这孤独的馆舍正紧紧关住的春寒，特别在杜鹃悲啼不停夕阳将暮之时。3.辞官归隐田园后融入大自然怀抱里的悠闲自得，忘却了荣辱得失，尽享田园生活之恬淡。4.惜别之情不是很浓烈，更没有悲伤，竟被眼前美丽的景观吸引了，若非急着去赴任，诗人定会继续欣赏下去，与大自然共享闲暇。5.文本解读本文是一篇论述生物社会行为的文章。作者选取了独特的视角，将一些群居性生物的行为与人类进行比较，描述了它们在集体行动中所表现出的高
30、度组织性、协调性.6.以及作为群体出现时所表现的巨大力量和智慧，从而得出这样的结论：人类的社会行为与生物的社会行为有极大的共性，并非水火不容，而是可以互为比照的。7.很显然，作者的目的不是为了证明其他生物比人类更高明，也不只是为我们提供生物交流技术方面的有趣知识，更是以一个医学家、生物学家的睿智和敏锐的洞察力.8.对传统生物学过分强调个体行为和动物本能的观点进行了反思，也对人类盲目自大、不能充分认识自身生存危机作出了警示。9.人类虽然最终脱颖而出，主宰了这个世界，但人类的行为方式还具有和其他社会性生物相类似的特点，还需要联合，需要团结，才能源源不断地产生智慧，克服自身发展面临的种种困境，推动社会进步。
