1、2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程12022-10-29计算机专业英语教程2 本书包含了大量与计算机专业基础、专业技术及专业前沿本书包含了大量与计算机专业基础、专业技术及专业前沿知识相关的英文资料，并根据知识点分成知识相关的英文资料，并根据知识点分成28课。分别讲述课。分别讲述了计算机硬件基础、计算机系统结构、计算机软件思想、了计算机硬件基础、计算机系统结构、计算机软件思想、编程语言、计算机网络结构、电子商务应用、计算机图像编程语言、计算机网络结构、电子商务应用、计算机图像与动画以及计算机领域的新技术等内容。与动画以及计算机领域的新技术等内容。每课内容相对独立，如数据结构、操作系统、无线网
2、络、每课内容相对独立，如数据结构、操作系统、无线网络、远程教育、人工智能、电子支付等。远程教育、人工智能、电子支付等。每课后均附有重点词汇、课文难点注释、练习、两篇与课每课后均附有重点词汇、课文难点注释、练习、两篇与课文内容相关的阅读材料以及计算机专业英语中相关的语法文内容相关的阅读材料以及计算机专业英语中相关的语法知识讲述或专业术语介绍。知识讲述或专业术语介绍。书末附有练习答案，同时提供课文及第一篇阅读材料的参书末附有练习答案，同时提供课文及第一篇阅读材料的参考译文。考译文。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程3 Unit 1 Introduction of Computers Unit
3、2 CPU and Memory Unit 3 Input and Output Systems Unit 4 C+Language Unit 5 Operating System Unit 6 Data Structure Unit 7 Database Principle 2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程4 Unit 8 Principles of Compiler Unit 9 Software Engineering Unit 10 Multimedia Unit 11 Distance Education Unit 12 Computer Graphics and Images
4、 Unit 13 Animation Unit 14 Grid Computing2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程5 Unit 15 Distributed Systems Unit 16 Computer Network Basics Unit 17 Internet Unit 18 Wireless Network Unit 19 Computer Virus Unit 20 Office Automation Unit 21 Virtual Reality2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程6 Unit 22 Artificial Intelligent Unit 23 Neur
5、al Network Unit 24 Introduction of Electronic Commerce Unit 25 Electronic Payment System Unit 26 Logistics and Supply-chain management Unit 27 Electronic Marketing Unit 28 Computer Security2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程71.1 Text A computer is a digital electronic data processing system.Digital computer uses th
6、e binary number system,which has two digits:0 and 1.A binary is called a bit.Information represented in digital computers is in groups of bits.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程8 The First Generation of Computers(1946 through 1959)The Second Generation of Computers(1959 through 1964)The Third Generation of Compute
7、rs(1964 through 1971)The Fourth Generation of Computers(1971 through now)2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程9 Microcomputer is generally a synonym for the more common term,personal computer,or PC,which is a small single-user computer based on a microcomputer.Workstation is a powerful single-user computer.Mainframe
8、or mainframe computer is a powerful multi-user computer.Minicomputer is a multi-user computer of a size between a microcomputer and a mainframe.Supercomputer is an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程10 Desktop computers are mod
9、ular systems that make it easy to add or replace individual parts to meet each users particular requirements.Modular design also means that you can transfer some old parts to your new computer when your old faithful machine that has finally become obsolescent.You can improve the computers performanc
10、e by adding new components and replacing existing parts with new ones that have faster speed,greater capacity,or more features.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程11accommodate 供应，适应，调节alphabet 字母表arrangements 安排，整理，约定compatibility 兼容性，一致性configure 配置conversion 变化，转换discrete 离散的，分立的eliminate 消去，淘汰emergence 出现，发生expa
11、nsion 扩展，扩大evolutionary 发展，进化illustrator 说明者instruction 指令latch 获得，抓住mainframe 大型机2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程12manufacturer 制造商notable 显著的，著名的obsolescent 废弃，淘汰occupy 占据，占用portable 便携式的prominent 突出的，重要的proprietary 专有的，独占的reliable 可靠的，确实的represent 描述，表示revolutionary 革命性的silicon 硅socket 插座，插槽transistor 三极管vacu
12、um 真空2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程131 By using various coding techniques,group of bits can be made to represent not only binary number but also other discrete symbols,such as decimal digits or letter of alphabet.译文：通过应用各种编码技术，字位的组合不但可以用来表示二进制数，还可以表示其它的离散符号，比如十进制数字和字母表上的字母等。说明：本句的“By using various coding techn
13、iques”作状语，主句采用被动语态。2 The transistor meant more powerful,more reliable,and less expensive computers that would occupy less space and give off less heat than did vacuum-tube-powered computers.译文：使用晶体管可做成功能更强、更可靠、更价廉的计算机，它与真空管计算机相比占地面积小，功耗小。说明：本句的“that”引导定语从句，修饰宾语“computers”。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程143 In a
14、ddition to the microprocessor,a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data,a monitor for displaying information,and a storage device for saving data.译文：除了微型处理器，个人计算机还有输入数据的键盘、显示信息的显示器和存储数据的存储装置。说明：本句中的“In addition to the microprocessor”是状语，宾语是“keyboard”、“monitor”和“storage device”，宾语后的“for”结构
15、是宾语补足语。4 Desktop computers are the natural choice when a computer remains in the same place for all of its working life.译文：当一台计算机在它整个工作期间一直都被放在同一个地方时，台式计算机是一个理所当然的选择。说明：本句由“when”引导时间状语从句。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程155 In addition,the common parts specifications allow a repair shop to maintain a smaller inve
16、ntory because they can use the same parts in many different desktop computer makes and models.译文：此外，一般的配件说明书中都允许维修车间维持较少的库存量，这是因为他们能够在不同的品牌和模型的台式计算机上使用相同的配件。说明：本句由“because”引导原因状语从句，“to maintain a smaller inventory”作宾语补足语。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程16 Motherboard is generally rectangular circuit board.Mother
17、board is usually composed of a CPU slot,an AGP slot,a CNR slot,five PCI slots,three DIMM slots,two IDE interfaces,a floppy drive interface,two serial ports,one parallel port,a PS/2 keyboard interface,a PS/2 mouse interface,two USB interfaces,erasable BIOS,control chip sets and other components.2022-
18、10-29计算机专业英语教程17 Sound card is audio sound card.Its basic function is to produce and handle voice signals,and then transfer the signals to the speakers.Graphics works more as a coprocessor.It is right for accelerating graphics processing operation,and the CPU can handle other more important tasks.20
19、22-10-29计算机专业英语教程18accelerate 加速，促进attention 注意，留意chassis 机箱lever 杠杆merely 只，纯粹needle 针，磁针orifice 口，孔popularity 普及，流行rectangular 矩形的strictly 精密地，严格地2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程19 Higher performance of CPUs,multimedia technology,as well as bigger memory and large-capacity silicon chips allow manufacturers to
20、put in fancier things into notebook computers.The trend of notebook computers is as follows:Faster speed.Processors used are now usually fast CPUs.Large storage capacity.Multimedia capabilities.To support microphones,headphones,video-performance,and CD-ROM.Easier input methods.Pen,voice,and speech r
21、ecognition in future.Built-in data communication support.Networking,built-in modern,even wireless support.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程20affordable 负担得起的compromise 折衷方案，调和fancier 行家，空想家headphone 头戴受话器，耳机innovation 创新，革新interview 协商，会谈intuitive 直觉的，直观的返回2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程212.1 Text The CPU means the Central P
22、rocessing Unit.It is the heart of a computer system.A CPU can be a single microprocessor chip,a set of chips,or a box of boards of transistors,chips,wires,and connectors.Two main performance factors of CPU are clock rate and word size.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程22 Sixty-four-bit processors have been with us
23、 since 1992,and in the 21st century they have started to become mainstream.Sixty-four-bit processors have 64-bit ALUs,64-bit registers,64-bit buses and so on.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程23 Multiprocessing refers to the organizational technique in which a number of processor units are employed in a single com
24、puter system to increase the performance of the system in its application environment above the performance of a single processor.Multiprocessor systems may be classified into four types:SISD,SIMD,MISD,and MIMD.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程24 RAM and ROM play important roles of storage devices.Computer memory
25、 is measured in kilobytes or megabytes of information.Cache is another factor affecting CPU performance.It is special high speed memory that gives the CPU more rapid access to data.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程25constraint 约束，强制力contribute 贡献distinguish 区别，辨别emit 发射，发行independently 独立地，任意地kilobyte 千字节megahert
26、z 兆赫mainstream 主流manipulate 处理，控制performance 性能2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程26permanent 永久的，不变的quadrillion 千的五次幂，千万亿register 寄存器respective 分别的，各自的serially 连续地，顺次server 服务器simultaneously 同时发生的specification 规范，规格，说明tendency 倾向，趋势2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程271 Every processor comes with a unique set of operations such a
27、s ADD,STORE,or LOAD that represent the processors instruction set.译文：每个处理器都有一个独特的诸如ADD、STORE或LOAD这样的操作集，这个操作集就是该处理器的指令系统。说明：本句的宾语是“operations such as ADD,STORE,or LOAD”，“that represent the processors instruction set”作定语，修饰宾语。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程282 The clock rate set by the system clock determines th
28、e speed at which the computer can execute an instruction and,therefore,limits the number of instructions that a computer can complete within a specific amount of time.译文：系统时钟的频率决定了计算机执行指令的速度，因此限制了计算机在一定时间内所能执行的指令数。说明：这是一个并列句，主语是一个，“set by the system clock”作定语，修饰主语“The clock rate”，谓语有两个“determines”和“
29、limits”，“at which the computer can execute an instruction”作定语，修饰宾语“speed”，而“that a computer can complete within a specific amount of time”也是定语，修饰“instructions”。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程293 With a 64-bit address bus and wide,high-speed data buses on the motherboard,64-bit machines also offer faster I/O spe
30、eds to things like hard disk drives and video cards.译文：利用主板上的64位地址总线与宽的高速数据总线，64位机器还提供了硬盘驱动器、显示卡等的高速I/O速度。说明：本句的“With a 64-bit address bus and wide,high-speed data buses on the motherboard”作状语，“to things like hard disk drives and video cards”是宾语补足语。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程304 People doing video editing a
31、nd people doing photographic editing on very large images can benefit from this kind of computing power.译文：这类计算功能对进行视频编码和进行超大图像照片编辑的人有好处。说明：本句的主语是并列的两个“people”，“doing video editing”修饰第一个“people”，“doing photographic editing on very large images”修饰第二个“people”。5 The memory unit is an essential componen
32、t in any digit computer since it is needed for storing the programs that are executed by the CPU.译文：任何一台数字计算机都需要存储CPU所执行的程序，因此，存储器是计算机最重要的部件之一。说明：本句由“since”引导原因状语从句。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程31 Hard disks were invented in the 1950s.They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding just a few
33、megabytes.A typical desktop machine will have a hard disk with a capacity of between 10 and 40 gigabytes.Data is stored onto the disk in the form of files.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程32aluminum 铝coil 一圈，盘绕detach 分开，脱离equalize 均衡，调整incredibly 惊人的。不可思议的platter 圆盘seal 密封，隔离tolerance 忍受，耐性underneath 在下面，在底部wedge
34、 楔，楔形2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程33 RISC processors only use simple instructions that can be executed within one clock cycle.These RISC“reduced instructions”require less transistors of hardware space than the complex instructions,leaving more room for general purpose registers.The CISC approach attempts to m
35、inimize the number of instructions per program,sacrificing the number of cycles per instruction.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程34appropriate 合适的，适当的approximately 接近地，近似地commercial 商业上的，贸易的competitive 竞争的，竞赛的foothold 立足点operand 操作数pipeline 管线，管道predecessor 祖先，前任，前辈primary 主要的，最初的sacrifice 牺牲，损失返回2022-10-29计算机专业英
36、语教程353.1 Text Using input devices,people“tell”the computer what it should do and the computer feedback the result through output devices.Input and output devices are the interfaces of man and machine.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程36 The keyboard is used to type information into the computer or input informatio
37、n.Each key on a standard keyboard has one or two characters.The standard keyboard has 101 keys.Notebooks have embedded keys accessible by special keys or by pressing key combinations.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程37 The most conventional kind of mouse has two buttons on the top:the left one is used most freque
38、ntly.A mouse consists of a metal or plastic housing or casing,a ball that sticks out of the bottom of the casing and rolls on a flat surface,one or more buttons on the top of the casing,and a cable that connects the mouse to the computer.The positioning is relative to some starting place.2022-10-29计
39、算机专业英语教程38 CRT monitor means a cathode ray tube monitor.They have five main components:electron gun,deflection coil,shadow mask,phosphor layer and the glass casing.Classic CRT uses electron gun to fire high-speed electrons,and controls the deflection angle of high-speed electrons through vertical an
40、d horizontal deflection coils.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程39 LCD is constituted by the two glass panels,1 mm thick,which are separated by 5 m even spacing containing liquid crystal material.For the LCD monitor with picture stability and flicker-free sense,the refresh rate is not high,but the image is also ve
41、ry stable.2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程40 Each I/O device is connected to the computer systems address,data,and control buses.Each I/O device includes I/O interface circuitry.It is actually this circuitry that interacts with the buses.The circuitry also interacts with the actual I/O device to transfer data.20
42、22-10-29计算机专业英语教程41absorption 吸收，合并accessible 容易理解的，能接近的chiaroscuro 明暗对比法conventional 常规的，约定的cursor 光标deflection 偏转，偏离electron 电子embed 嵌入，嵌进feedback 反馈hierarchical 等级的2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程42invalid 无效的，无用的interface 接口，界面layout 布局millisecond 毫秒phosphor 荧光粉，磷光体phosphorescence 荧光，磷光radiate 发光，辐射shadow 阴影
43、，影像2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程431 A mouse is a small device that a computer user pushes across a desk surface in order to point to a place on a display screen and to select one or more actions to take from that position.译文：鼠标是一种小型的设备，用户可以在桌面上移动，以指向屏幕上的某个位置并从该位置选择一项或多项操作。说明：本句的“that a computer user pushes ac
44、ross a desk surface”作定语，修饰宾语，“in order to”引导目的状语。2 Viewing the cursors present position,the user readjusts the position by moving the mouse.译文：看到光标的当前位置后，用户可以移动鼠标再次进行调整。说明：本句的“Viewing the cursors present position”是状语，“by moving the mouse”也是状语。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程443 When the electrodes in LCD generat
45、e electric field,the liquid crystal molecules have been distorted,thus the light through them is regularly refracted,and then through the second layers filter,it will be displayed on screen.译文：当LCD中的电极产生电场时，液晶分子就会产生扭曲，从而将穿越其中的光线进行有规则的折射，然后经过第二层过滤层的过滤在屏幕上显示出来。说明：本句是并列句，由“When”引导时间状语从句，“thus”引导的是结果状语，
46、“and then through the second layers filter”作状语，修饰并列句的第二部分。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程454 The LCD monitor also adopts LCD control transmittance technological principles for the overall luminous floor,so it is realty the complete plane.译文：LCD显示器还采用液晶控制透光度技术的原理让底板整体发光，所以它真正是完全平面。说明：本句的“for the overall luminous
47、 floor”是宾语补足语，“so it is realty the complete plane”是结果状语。5 Such a device requires a combined interface that is essentially two interfaces,one for input and the other for output.译文：这样的设备需要一个组合接口，本质上是两个接口，一个用于输入，另一个用于输出。说明：本句的“that”引导定语从句。2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程46A ball inside the mouse touches the desktop
48、 and rolls when the mouse moves.Two rollers inside the mouse touch the ball.One of the rollers is oriented so that it detects motion in the x direction,and the other is oriented 90 degrees to the first roller so it detects motion in the y direction.The rollers each connect to a shaft,and the shaft s
49、pins a disk with holes in it.When a roller rolls,its shaft and disk spin.On either side of the disk there is an infrared LED and an infrared sensor.An on-board processor chip reads the pulses from the infrared sensors and turns them into binary data that the computer can understand.2022-10-29计算机专业英语
50、教程47amazing 令人惊异的complimentary 互补型motion 移动，动作optical 光学上的rotate 轮流，旋转scene 场面，场景，景色semiconductor 半导体wheel 轮，轮状物2022-10-29计算机专业英语教程48 A USB system has an asymmetric design,consisting of a host controller and multiple daisy-chained peripheral devices.When a device is first connected,the host enumerat
