1、中考英语阅读理解专题示范课件(PPT)考试的一个重要题型，总分占比大失分比较严重 题型难度2019年深圳中考试题比重2020年中考试题预测比重考点细节理解简单题型55%55%65%1、获取文章的具体信息2、根据文章的具体信息进行简单的推理和判断3、找出文中表示时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑思维顺序和结构顺序的关键词以及文章写作的框架主旨大意难题 15%15%20%理解归纳文章的主旨要义，为文章选定合适的题目推测判断较难题25%20%25%理解作者的观点、意图和态度词义猜测较难题5%10%20%根据上下文和构词法判断、理解生词的含义ONTENTC01主旨大意题主旨大意题02推理判断题推理判断题 03词
2、词 义义 猜猜 测测 题题04细节理解题细节理解题0101主旨大意题考点：考点：文章的中心思想文章的中心思想Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 1】段首段尾定主旨。段首段尾定主旨。【e.g】People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal when they havent had steak or other
3、red meat.Some people prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruit or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti(细条细条实心面实心面).【Q】What is the main idea of the passage?A.Some people prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.B.Some p
4、eople prefer vegetables and fruit or grains.C.Most people like meat.D.People have different tastes in food.Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 2】标题定主旨。标题定主旨。【e.g】How to make a fire Once upon a time,people didnt know how to sta
5、rt fires.They perhaps started fires from lighting.Later people learned how to start fires.They found out hitting two pieces of stone together could make a spark.As years went by,people learned other ways to start a fire.Sometimes they used heat from the sun to make a fire.【Q】This article mainly talk
6、s about_.A.fire B.how to start a fire C.why people have to use fires D.how clever people areDo one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 3】抓住文章的主要情节，概括文章的主旨。抓住文章的主要情节，概括文章的主旨。【e.g】Do you own a flashlight?Few inventions are so helpful t
7、o a man who is afraid of the dark.The modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.【Q】What is the passage mainly about?A.The history of a flashli
8、ght.B.How to use a flashlight.C.A flash is very helpful.D.Who invented the flashlight.主旨大意题通常有以下设问方式：主旨大意题通常有以下设问方式：1.The main idea of the passage is _.2.The passage is mainly about _.3.The best title of the passage is_.0202推理判断题 考点：考点：逻辑判断逻辑判断+推理技巧推理技巧 作者的写作意图或作者的写作意图或言外之意言外之意Do one thing at a time
9、,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 1】根据上下文提供的信息进行推断。根据上下文提供的信息进行推断。【e.g】One day a young man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,“Could I have two mice and about twenty roaches(蟑螂蟑螂)?”“Why do you need these things?”the shop assist
10、ant was very surprised.“Well,”answered the young man,“Im moving out of my apartment(公寓公寓)and the landlord(房东房东)said that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”【Q】From the passage we know the apartment may be _ before the young man moved into it.A.very clean B.just cle
11、aned by the landlord C.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects(昆虫昆虫)Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 2】根据作者的语气、论调和倾向进根据作者的语气、论调和倾向进行推断。行推断。【e.g】Bill:Do I have to take the test?Teacher:Do you want to pass the course
12、?【Q】What did the teacher mean?A.Bill must study to pass.B.Bill wont pass unless he takes the test.C.Bill neednt take the test.D.Bill may miss the test.推理判断题通常有以下设问方式：推理判断题通常有以下设问方式：1.The writer suggests that _.2.From the passage we know that_.3.What did the writer mean?4.The writers attitude toward.
13、is that _.5.It can be inferred from the text that_.0303词义猜测题 考点：考点：猜测生词词义猜测生词词义Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 1】根据定义猜测生词的词义。根据定义猜测生词的词义。(be，call，be called等判断词来为某些词下等判断词来为某些词下定义定义)【e.g】A carpenter is a person who is good a
14、t making or repairing wooden objects.=A person who is good at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.【Q】Whats the meaning of the word“carpenter”?A.铁匠铁匠 B.木匠木匠 C.泥瓦匠泥瓦匠 D.裁缝裁缝Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skil
15、l 2】根据同位语的意义猜测生词的词义。根据同位语的意义猜测生词的词义。【e.g】My father is a botanist,an expert who does research on plants.【Q】The word“botanist”most likely means_.A.生物学家生物学家 B.植物学家植物学家 C.动物学家动物学家 D.发明家发明家Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 3Skill
16、 3】根据破折号或冒号后面的解释说明根据破折号或冒号后面的解释说明猜测生词的词义。猜测生词的词义。【e.g 1】Sports improve two valuable traitsnamely,self-control and the ability to make quick decisions.【Q】1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“traits”?A.技巧技巧 B.速度速度 C.本质本质 D.品质品质【e.g 2】You can take any of the periodicals:English learning,Re
17、ader,or The world of English.【Q】2.The word“periodicals”means_.A.课本课本 B.期刊；杂志期刊；杂志 C.故事书故事书 D.科幻片科幻片Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill4】根据对比关系猜测生词的词义。根据对比关系猜测生词的词义。(but，however，yet和和though等表示转折意义等表示转折意义的连词的连词)【e.g 1】Though Tom
18、s face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.【Q】1.The word“grubby”means_.A.干净的干净的 B.潮湿的潮湿的 C.肮脏的肮脏的 D.干燥的干燥的【e.g 2】John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife,however,is very thrifty.【Q】2.The meaning of the word“thrifty”is_.A.浪费的浪费的 B.节俭的节俭的 C.无用的无用的 D.有用的有
19、用的Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 6Skill 6】根据并列关系猜测词义。根据并列关系猜测词义。【e.g】In the northeast of the United States,summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures.Summer is usually very hot and winter is usually c
20、old.Spring temperatures are warm and fall temperatures are cool.【Q】The word“fall”in the passage means_.A.落下落下 B.降落降落 C.秋天秋天 D.跌倒跌倒Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 7】根据词根、词缀猜测派生词的词义。根据词根、词缀猜测派生词的词义。【e.g 1】The book is uninter
21、esting,I dont like it.【Q】1.The word“uninteresting”means_.A.有趣的有趣的 B.有意思的有意思的 C.没趣味的没趣味的 D.不重要的不重要的【e.g 2】His handwriting is very bad,its almost unreadable.【Q】2.The word“unreadable”means_.A.很好读的很好读的 B.舒服的舒服的 C.工整的工整的 D.没法读的没法读的Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on goi
22、ng never give up Whatever.85%【Skill 8Skill 8】根据生活常识猜测生词的词义。根据生活常识猜测生词的词义。【e.g 1】The door was so low that he hit this head on the lintel.【Q】1.The word“lintel”means_.A.过梁过梁 B.门门 C.墙壁墙壁 D.门框门框【e.g 2】George Washington is the first president in American history.【Q】2.The word“president”means_.A.经理经理 B.董事董
23、事 C.总统总统 D.秘书秘书词义猜测题通常有以下设问方式：词义猜测题通常有以下设问方式：1.According to the author,the word“.”means _.2.By“.”the author means _.3.Which of the following is nearest(closest)in meaning to“.”?4.The word“.”in the passage means _.5.The word“.”most likely means _.0404细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题通常有以下设问方式：细节理解题通常有以下设问方式：1)Which of
24、 the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?2)How many.?What/Who/When/Where/How/Why.?3)Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4)The author gives the example in.paragraph in order to.5)Which of the following best describes.?Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“th
25、anks”.Keep on going never give up.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.Believe in yourself.【Skill 1】根据文章的中心思想来根据文章的中心思想来把握事实把握事实 和细节和细节。【e.g】A friend of mine liked drawing horses.He drew thehorses very well,but he always began at the tail.Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the
26、 horse,that is why I was surprised.It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly（肚子）（肚子）or the foot of the horse,if he really knows his business.And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people
27、s rules.They make their own rules.Everyone of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的奇特的)to himself,and the peculiarity means only that he finds it easier to work in that way.Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up.Whatever is worth doing is worth
28、doing well.Believe in yourself.Now the very same thing is true to literature.And the question,“How shall I begin?”only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else.That is,you are not yet experienced enough to trust to your own powers.When you become mo
29、re experienced you will never ask the question,and I think that you will often begin at the tail that is to say,you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.【Q】1.You are not yet experienced because _.A.you dont know where to beginB.you want to begin at the head i
30、nstead of beginning at the tail C.you always asked questions D.you do not trust to your own powers 2.When you become more experienced you _.A.will never ask questions B.will often begin at the tail C.should write the end of the story D.should think of the beginningDo one thing at a time,and do well.
31、Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.Believe in yourself.【Skill 2】根据文章中某些特定的句子来把握事实和细节。根据文章中某些特定的句子来把握事实和细节。【e.g】One day Mrs.White went to buy a fish with her daughter.She didnt know how to cook it,so she asked the shopkeeper to write do
32、wn the way of cooking it on a note.She put the note in her daughters pocket and then they left the shop happily with the fish.On their way home,a black cat saw them and followed them.Suddenly the cat jumped at her,took the fish away from her quickly and ran off at once.Mrs.White didnt know what to d
33、o.But suddenly she remembered something.She laughed and shouted at the cat,“You dont know how to cook it.The note is still in my daughters pocket!”【Q】The cat took the fish away from_.A.the shop B.the woman C.the womans daughter D.Mr.BlackDo one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”
34、.Keep on going never give up.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.Believe in yourself.【Skill 3】根据文章提供的具体内容来把握事实和细节。根据文章提供的具体内容来把握事实和细节。【e.g】Therere many different kinds of food in China.Some of them are very popular.Dumplings are the real Chinese food.Now lets talk about them,OK?Everyone in C
35、hina likes dumplings very much,and there are many different kinds of dumplings.Some have meat in them and others have vegetables,eggs and so on.I like dumplings without meat better than any other kind.【Q】Does the writer like the dumplings without meat?A.I dont know.B.Yes,he does.C.No,he doesnt.D.No,
36、he likes dumplings that have meat in them.1.首末段、首末段、首末句首末句3.对比处对比处2.转折处转折处5.因果处因果处4.举例处举例处Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“thanks”.Keep on going never give up.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.Believe in yourself.e.gTherere many different kinds of food in China.Some o
37、f them are very popular.Dumplings are the real Chinese food.Now lets talk about them,OK?Everyone in China likes dumplings very much,and there are many different kinds of dumplings.Some have meat in them and others have vegetables,eggs and so on.I like dumplings without meat better than any other kin
38、d.【Q】Does the writer like dumplings without meat?A.I dont know.B.Yes,he does.C.No,he doesnt.D.No,he likes dumplings that have meat in them.首末段、首末句首末段、首末句常见表示转折的标志词：常见表示转折的标志词：but,however,yet,though,although,while,even though/if,despite,instead等等Do one thing at a time,and do well.Never forget to say“
39、thanks”.Keep on going never give up.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.Believe in yourself.【Skill 2】根据文章中某些特定的句子来把握事实和细节。根据文章中某些特定的句子来把握事实和细节。【e.g】One day Mrs.White went to buy a fish with her daughter.She didnt know how to cook it,so she asked the shopkeeper to write down the way of cookin
40、g it on a note.She put the note in her daughters pocket and then they left the shop happily with the fish.On their way home,a black cat saw them and followed them.Suddenly the cat jumped at her,took the fish away from her quickly and ran off at once.Mrs.White didnt know what to do.常见表示因果的标志词：常见表示因果的
41、标志词：because,as/since,thanks to,due to,therefore,so,as a result等等 干扰项干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节可能属文中某个具体事实或细节可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事实或细事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。节片面推出的错误结论。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断可能属非文章事实的主观臆断(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。THANK YOU!1.情节是叙事性文学作品内容构成的要素之一,是叙事
42、作品中表现人物之间相互关系的一系列生活事件的发展过程。2.它由一系列展示人物性格,反映人物与人物、人物与环境之间相互关系的具体事件构成。3.把握好故事情节,是欣赏小说的基础,也是整体感知小说的起点。命题者在为小说命题时,也必定以情节为出发点,从整体上设置理解小说内容的试题。通常从情节梳理、情节作用两方面设题考查。4.根据结构来梳理。按照情节的开端、发展、高潮和结局来划分文章层次,进而梳理情节。5.根据场景来梳理。一般一个场景可以梳理为一个情节。小说中的场景就是不同时间人物活动的场所。6.根据线索来梳理。抓住线索是把握小说故事发展的关键。线索有单线和双线两种。双线一般分明线和暗线。高考考查的小说往往较简单,线索也一般是单线式。7.阅历之所以会对读书所得产生深浅有别的影响，原因在于阅读并非是对作品的简单再现，而是一个积极主动的再创造过程，人生的经历与生活的经验都会参与进来。8.少年时阅历不够丰富，洞察力、理解力有所欠缺，所以在读书时往往容易只看其中一点或几点，对书中蕴含的丰富意义难以全面把握。9.自信让我们充满激情。有了自信，我们才能怀着坚定的信心和希望，开始伟大而光荣的事业。自信的人有勇气交往与表达，有信心尝试与坚持，能够展现优势与才华，激发潜能与活力，获得更多的实践机会与创造可能。
