1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）GrammarEllipsis省略句省略句 为了使语言简洁或避为了使语言简洁或避免重复免重复,省略句中的一个省略句中的一个或几个成分或几个成分,这种语法现这种语法现象称为省略象称为省略.1.省略主语省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他其他 省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法.(1)(You)Come in,please.(2)(I)See you tomorrow.(3)(I)Thank you for your help.(4)(I)Beg y
2、our pardon.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略2.省略主语或谓语的一部分省略主语或谓语的一部分简单句中的省略简单句中的省略(1)(There is)No smoking.(2)(Will you)Have a smoke?(3)Why(do you)not say hello to him?(4)How(do you think)about a cup of tea?(5)(You come)this way,please.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略3.省略宾语省略宾语:可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾 语的动词不定式语的动词不定式,只保留只保留to,但如果该宾语
3、是动但如果该宾语是动 词词be或完成时态或完成时态,则须在则须在to后加上后加上be或或have(1)-Do you know Miss Hu?-I dont know(her).(2)Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to(touch).(3)-Are you a teacher?-No,but I want to be(a teacher).(4)-He hasnt finished the task.-Well,he ought to have(finish it).1.Would you like to go to the
4、 Grand Theatre with me tonight?_.A.Yes,Id like to go to the Grand Theatre B.Id like to,but I have an exam tomorrow C.No,I wont D.Thats right 2.You should have thanked her before you left.I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing to BB简单句中的省略简单句中的省略4.省略
5、表语省略表语(1)-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(thirsty).(2)His brother is lazy?Nor is his sister(lazy).5.同时省略几个句子成分同时省略几个句子成分(1)-Are you fell better now?-(Im feeling)better(now).(2)(I wish)Good luck(to you)!(3)Lets meet at the school gate as the same as(we met)yesterday.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略两两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句个并列分句
6、中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分中相同的部分(1)My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.(2)I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school(3)Lins father was not at home,but his mother was(at home).主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些主谓被省略主句中有一些主谓被省略(1)(Im)Sorry to heat that you are ill.(2)(Its)a pity that you mis
7、sed such a good chance.2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分省略从句中与主句相同的部分They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents).3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略主句与从句各有一些成分被省略The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).其他省略其他省略1.1.连词的连词的thatthat省略省略(1)宾语从句中常省略宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个通常只省略第一个thatH
8、e said(that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(2)在定语从句中在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略在作宾语时才能省略The book(that)I borrowed yesterday was hers.（3 3）在）在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guessguess等开头的作答句中，后面跟等开头的作答句中，后面跟so so 与与 not not 分别用于代替分别用
9、于代替前面的句子，宾语从句可省去。前面的句子，宾语从句可省去。-Do you think it will rain?-I hope not(that it will not rain).3.You re always working.Come on,lets go shopping._ you ever want to do is going shopping.A.Anything B.Something C.All D.That 4.Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A.he explai
10、ned B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained vCA2.2.在某些状语从句中在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为一致或者从句主语为itit，且从句谓语部分有，且从句谓语部分有bebe动动词时词时,可省去可省去“主语主语+be+be”部分部分其他省略其他省略(1)When(he was)still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.(2)(2)As(he was)a child,he lived in India.(3)If
11、(you are)asked you may come in.在比较状语从句中，常在在比较状语从句中，常在as或或than引导的分句中省略某引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分，有时甚至省略整个些与主句相同的成分，有时甚至省略整个as/than从句。从句。（4）After half a hour,she become quieter(than she had been.)5.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being
12、introduced 6.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited BA7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see 8.Generally speaking,
13、_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken DB其他省略其他省略3.不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略(1)(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.to.I told him to sit down I told him to sit down and and wait forwait for a moment.a moment.(2)(2)help help 当当“帮助帮助”讲
14、时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号号toto可带可不带可带可不带.I will help I will help(to)(to)do it for you.do it for you.I will help you I will help you(to)(to)do it.do it.（3 3）介词介词butbut前若有动词前若有动词do,do,后面的不定式不带后面的不定式不带 to.to.The boy did nothing The boy did nothing but playbut play.其他省略其他省略(4)(4)某些使役某些使役动词动词（let,
15、make,havelet,make,have）及感官及感官动词动词（see,see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen towatch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to等）等）后面后面作作宾语补宾语补足足语语的不定式一定要省去的不定式一定要省去 to,to,但在被但在被动语态动语态中中须须将将to to 复原。复原。I Isaw the boy fallsaw the boy fallfrom the tree.from the tree.The boyThe boywas seen t
16、o fallwas seen to fallfrom the tree.from the tree.The bossThe bossmade us workmade us work12 hours a day.12 hours a day.We wereWe weremade to workmade to work12 hours a day12 hours a day.(5)(5)主主语语从句中有从句中有动词动词dodo,后面作表后面作表语语的不定式的的不定式的 toto可可带带可可不不带带。What we can do now is What we can do now is(to)wai
17、t.(to)wait.(6)find(6)find 当当“发现发现”讲时讲时，后面作，后面作宾语补宾语补足足语语的不定式符号的不定式符号toto可可带带可不可不带带。We found him We found him(to)work(to)work very hard at the experiment.very hard at the experiment.但如果是不定式但如果是不定式 to beto be，则则不能省略。不能省略。She found him She found him to beto be dishonest.dishonest.其他省略其他省略4.4.连词连词ifif在部
18、分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的shouldshould，werewere，hadhad提到主语的前面提到主语的前面.其他省略其他省略(1)(1)Had they timeHad they time,they would certainly come and,they would certainly come and help us.help us.(2)(2)Were I youWere I you,I would do the work better.,I would do the work better.(3(3）Should there beSh
19、ould there bea flooda flood,what should we do?,what should we do?9._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 10._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were C.Had it not been D.If they were no
20、t BC1)-Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are you doing your homework?-I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday.A.it B.them C.for D.to2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening?-Yes.Itll be fine if you_.A.are B.can C.invite D.doChoose the best answers.3)-Arent you the m
21、anager?-No,and I_ A.dont want to B.dont want to be C.dont want be D.dont want4)-Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all_.A.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Id be glad to 5.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviti
22、ng C.being invited D.having invited 6.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed AA7.Though _ money,his parents man-aged to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 8.The research is so designed that o
23、nce _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun CD 9)-Wont you have another try?-_ _.A.Yes,I will have B.Yes,I wont have C.Yes,I wont D.Yes,I will 10)-I wont do it any more.-_?A.Why not B.Why dont do any more C.Why not do D.Why dont 11.What surprised me was not wha
24、t he said but _ he said it.A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which12.It is easy to do the repair._ you need is a hammer and some nails.A.Something B.All C.Both D.Everything 13.Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you.A.something B.anything C.all D.that AAC 14)-Do you think it will snow tomorrow?-_?A.I dont think B.No,I dont think C.I dont think so D.No,I dont so 15)-Have you fed the cat?-No,but_.A.Im B.I am C.Im just going D.Im just going to
