1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）1.identifyvt.确认，识别，鉴别确认，识别，鉴别（1）sb./sth.as sb./sth.确认，证明某人确认，证明某人/某物系某人某物系某人/某物某物e.g.她认出那个男子就是袭击她的人。她认出那个男子就是袭击她的人。She identified the man as her attacker.（2）sth.with sth.认为某事物与另一事物等同认为某事物与另一事物等同e.g.幸福与财富不能混为一谈。幸福与财富不能混为一谈。One cant happiness with wealth.扩展：扩展
2、：identificationn.验明，鉴别，身份证明验明，鉴别，身份证明identification card身份证身份证identical adj.完全相同完全相同 be identical to/with2.alternativeadj.供选择的，其他的供选择的，其他的e.g.The way was blocked,so we had to go by road.这条路阻塞，我们只能走其他路。这条路阻塞，我们只能走其他路。n.可能的选择；选择对象可能的选择；选择对象have no but to do sth.=have no choice but to do sth.=have noth
3、ing to do but do除了做某事别无选择除了做某事别无选择e.g.除了放弃那个计划，我别无选择。除了放弃那个计划，我别无选择。I have no alternative but to give up the plan.=I have no choice but to give up the plan.=I have nothing to do but give up the plan.3.interruptvt.1)打断，中断，阻碍打断，中断，阻碍e.g.战争打断了两国间的贸易。战争打断了两国间的贸易。The war ed the trade between the 2 countr
4、ies.Sorry to interrupt you,but I have something to say.打断打断某人的话某人的话 sb./sth.with sth.(2)interrupt sb.打扰打扰某人某人4.assumevt.假定，设想；担任，承担假定，设想；担任，承担(1)assume后多跟后多跟 1)名词，名词，2)宾语宾语+to be+n./adj.,3)that 从句从句e.g.1.The scientist that there is no animals on the moon.科学家设想月球上没有动物科学家设想月球上没有动物2.I d the responsibil
5、ity.我来承担责任。我来承担责任。3.He assumed a great man.他假装是伟人他假装是伟人(2)assuming放在句首，表一种猜测。放在句首，表一种猜测。e.g.Assuming it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?假如明天下雨，我们该做什么呢？假如明天下雨，我们该做什么呢？扩展：扩展：assumptionn.make an assumption.regardless of不管；不顾；不注意不管；不顾；不注意e.g.He went the risk.他不顾危险地去了。他不顾危险地去了。He is his appearance.他不注意自己
6、的外表。他不注意自己的外表。6.preservevt.(1)保存；保护；收藏保存；保护；收藏e.g.You can meat or fish in salt.你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼。你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼。(2)保持；维持保持；维持e.g.It is one of the duties of the police to public order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。相关短语：相关短语：sb./sth.保护某人保护某人/保存某物保存某物 sb.(from sb./sth.)保护某人以免保护某人以免7 sharpen vt.使锋利使锋利,尖锐尖锐;使强烈使强
7、烈The knife needs sharpening.The tone of his letters has sharpened recently.sharp adj.锋利的锋利的,尖锐的尖锐的;急转的急转的,陡峭陡峭;突然的突然的,急剧急剧a sharp turn 急转弯急转弯a sharp increase 急剧增加急剧增加8 specific adj.具体的具体的;特有的特有的The problem with her is that she never has a specific aim in life.specifically adv.具体地具体地,特别的特别的You are sp
8、ecifically warned not to eat fish.9.Somehow 以以方式；不知怎么地；莫名其妙地方式；不知怎么地；莫名其妙地Somehow he was afraid of her.anyhow 无论如何，不管怎样无论如何，不管怎样It may snow,but anyhow I will go to town.逮捕，吸引逮捕，吸引The criminal was arrested yesterday.arrest sb for 因因逮捕某人逮捕某人arrest ones attention 引起引起的注意力的注意力attract ones attention draw
9、 ones attention 10.arrest:11.relief n.减轻或解除减轻或解除I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.to ones relief令令放心的是，令放心的是，令感到宽慰的是感到宽慰的是Much to his relief,finally his lost son was found by the police.to ones surprise to ones delight12.patient adj.n.耐心的；耐心的；病人病人be patient with 对对有耐心的有耐心
10、的patience n.耐心，忍耐耐心，忍耐To become a nurse,one of the qualifications needed is patience.13.skilful 熟练的，有技巧的熟练的，有技巧的a skilful driver be skilful at (doing)sth 对对熟练熟练14.If only it could be just like last year.要是能像去年那样就好了要是能像去年那样就好了!If only 但愿但愿.;要是要是就好了。其后就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。一般用虚拟语气。If only she had looked ahead
11、 and planned better.If only he had comeWe have been excavating here for many years.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“助动词 have(has)+been+doing”构成表示表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行，或可从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去的动作能还要继续下去的动作。它通常和。它通常和“for+段时间段时间”或或“since+点时间点时间(也可以是从句也可以是从句)”的时间状语连用。的时间状语连用。I have been waiting for a letter from
12、my parents.我一直在等我父母的来信。我一直在等我父母的来信。It has been raining for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。雨已经下了三个小时了。We have been studying here since 2004.自从自从2004年以来，我们一直在这里学习。年以来，我们一直在这里学习。2.表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束的动作。例如：能刚刚结束的动作。例如：She has been sweeping the street all day.She is too tired.她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。We have been waiting for you for two hours.We dont want to wait any longer.我们已经等你两个小时了。不想再等了。我们已经等你两个小时了。不想再等了。
